Personal Finance
Medicare open enrollment ends Dec. 7. These last-minute tips can help
The Good Brigade | DigitalVision | Getty Images
Older Americans have just a few days left to evaluate their Medicare coverage for next year.
Medicare’s annual open enrollment period for health plans and prescription drug coverage runs until Dec. 7. Experts say it’s worthwhile for Medicare’s 67.8 million beneficiaries to make sure they have the best coverage for their needs.
“Now is as good a time as any,” said Juliette Cubanski, deputy director of the program on Medicare policy at KFF, a provider of health policy research.
While many beneficiaries are comfortable with their plans and may be reluctant to change, it’s still a good idea to look at all the options that are available, she said.
“It’s possible that you could save money,” Cubanski said. For example, you may find a plan that offers lower cost sharing for expensive medications or offers better coverage or extra benefits, she said.
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Beneficiaries should start with Medicare.gov as they start to shop for plans, according to Philip Moeller, author of “Get What’s Yours for Medicare: Maximize Your Coverage, Minimize Your Costs.”
Medicare.gov’s online plan finder can help provide an overview of the plans available in a beneficiary’s geographic area and the monthly premiums and specific costs associated with services provided through those plans, Cubanski said.
Trained counselors are also available to provide free Medicare advice in every state through the State Health Insurance Assistance Program, also known as SHIP.
To effectively compare plans, there are some helpful tips that are good to keep in mind, experts say.
Make sure you have access to preferred providers
Beneficiaries may choose to go with original Medicare — Parts A and B with the option to add Part D prescription drug coverage — or private Medicare Advantage plans.
With original Medicare, you can see any doctor in the country who accepts Medicare, so access is not an issue, Moeller said.
But with Medicare Advantage plans, there are provider networks that limit the choice of doctors and hospitals from which a beneficiary may choose, he said.
It’s best to check — not assume — that the doctors you want to see will be covered by your plan, Moeller said.
Call Medicare Advantage plans or medical providers directly to find out if they are still covered, as brochures can sometimes be outdated, Cubanski said.
Check if your prescription drugs are covered
U.S. President Joe Biden delivers remarks, during an event on Medicare drug price negotiations, in Prince George’s County, Maryland, U.S., August 15, 2024.
Ken Cedeno | Reuters
Starting in 2025, there’s a $2,000 annual out-of-pocket cap on prescription drug costs through Medicare Part D.
That change is due to the Inflation Reduction Act, a federal law enacted in 2022.
Consequently, insurance will pay more for about 8% of people who take expensive prescription medications, but they may look for ways to get their money back for the remaining 92%, Moeller said.
That may come in the form of higher co-pays or deductibles or less generous plan benefits.
“The details really matter this year for Part D plans,” Moeller said. “People should do their homework and make sure that their Part D plan still does what they wanted it to do.”
Medicare Advantage plans, on average, will see deductibles for prescription drug coverage increase next year. Typically, those have been around $50 per month on average, though next year that will go up to just over $200, according to Cubanski.
“People in Medicare Advantage on average, will be facing a higher deductible for drug coverage in 2025,” Cubanski said.
Pay attention to your out-of-pocket costs
Open enrollment provides an opportunity for beneficiaries to manage how much their overall out-of-pocket costs — including premiums, deductibles and coinsurance — may increase in 2025.
“Make sure that you have manageable out-of-pocket expenses for the year,” Moeller said.
With original Medicare, beneficiaries typically pay no premiums for Medicare Part A. However, in 2025, the standard monthly Part B premium will go up to $185 per month — a $10.30 increase from $174.70 this year. Annual deductibles for Medicare Part B will go up to $257 in 2025 — a $17 increase from the $240 annual deductible for 2024.
Notably, Medicare Part B typically only covers 80% of expenses for doctors and outpatient costs, which can take a financial toll on beneficiaries, Moeller said. To help defray those costs Medicare doesn’t fully pay for, most people get a Medigap plan, he said.
Medigap, also known as Medicare supplement insurance, provides private insurance to help pay for out-of-pocket costs not covered under original Medicare plans. Average monthly Medigap premiums are $217, according to a recent KFF analysis, though those rates vary by state.
With Medicare Advantage, costs may vary from plan to plan, Moeller said, and you may pay more to see a doctor who is out of network.
Medicare Advantage enrollees face an average out-of-pocket limit of $4,882 for in-network services, according to KFF, or $8,707 for both in-network and out-of-network services.
Bottom line: “Details matter,” Moeller said.
Medicare original vs. Advantage: Choice is personal
Medicare Advantage has received its share of criticism, particularly for restricted access to care and unexpected costs some beneficiaries have encountered.
But experts say the choice between private Medicare Advantage plans and government Medicare original plans is largely personal.
“For some people, Medicare Advantage might be the right call,” Moeller said.
Medicare Advantage has certain upsides. It’s generally cheaper for consumers than traditional Medicare with a Medigap plan, Moeller said. It generally provides out of pocket protection against catastrophic health bills. It may also provide supplemental coverage for hearing, vision and dental, while traditional Medicare does not, he said.
However, Medicare Advantage enrollees may need to get prior authorization before receiving certain types of care, Cubanski said. In contrast, traditional Medicare generally does not use prior authorization.
You may still be able to make changes after Dec. 7
A senior citizen holds a sign during a rally to protect federal health programs at the 8th Annual Healthy Living Festival on July 15, 2011 in Oakland, California.
Justin Sullivan | Getty Images
In some cases, beneficiaries may still be able to make changes after the official Dec. 7 end of Medicare open enrollment.
“Dec. 7 is important, but it’s not the end-all date, in case you need to make some changes,” Moeller said.
Medicare Advantage has its own special open enrollment period that will start on Jan. 1 and last through the first quarter. During that time, Medicare Advantage beneficiaries may switch to a different Medicare Advantage plan, opt for original Medicare or enroll in a standalone Part D drug plan.
Alternatively, if you have had a life-changing event, such as a move, you may qualify to take advantage of Medicare’s special enrollment periods.
Moreover, people who live in areas that were affected by hurricanes or wildfires in 2024 may have more time to sign up for their 2025 coverage, according to KFF.
The Federal Reserve held interest rates steady at the conclusion of its policy meeting on Wednesday.
In what could be Jerome Powell’s last as chair before President Donald Trump’s yet-to-be-confirmed nominee Kevin Warsh takes the helm, central bankers maintained the federal funds rate in a target range of 3.5% to 3.75%.
Inflation has surged since the war with Iran began, leaving policymakers with limited room to act, according to Sean Snaith, the director of the University of Central Florida’s Institute for Economic Forecasting. “We’re in a kind of suspended animation — between Iran and the Fed transition,” Snaith said.
Before the oil shock, inflation was holding above the Fed’s 2% target but not worsening. Now the jump in energy costs could have longer-term inflationary effects, economists say.
For Americans struggling in the face of higher gas prices and overall affordability challenges, the central bank’s decision to keep interest rates unchanged does little to ease budgetary pressures. “The cavalry isn’t coming anytime soon,” Snaith said.
How the Fed decision impacts you
The Fed’s benchmark sets what banks charge each other for overnight lending, but also has a trickle-down effect on many consumer borrowing and savings rates.
Short-term rates are more closely pegged to the prime rate, which is typically 3 percentage points above the federal funds rate. Longer-term rates, such as home loans, are more influenced by inflation and other economic factors.
Credit cards
Most credit cards have a short-term rate, so they track the Fed’s benchmark.
After the Fed cut rates three times in the second half of 2025, the average annual percentage rate has stayed just under 20%, according to Bankrate.
“Without Fed rate cuts, there’s not much reason to expect meaningful declines anytime soon, so carrying a balance will remain very expensive,” said Matt Schulz, chief credit analyst at LendingTree.
Mortgage rates
Fixed mortgage rates, on the other hand, don’t directly track the Fed but typically follow the lead of long-term Treasury rates.
Concerns about how the Iran war will impact the U.S. economy have already pushed the average rate for a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage up to 6.38% as of Tuesday, from 5.99% at the end of February, according to Mortgage News Daily.
That leaves homeowners with existing low mortgage rates “feeling stuck,” said Michele Raneri, vice president and head of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion. “Mortgages, more than any other credit type, work on a churn,” she said, referring to how a dip in rates can boost borrowing activity.
Student loans
Federal student loan rates are also fixed and based in part on the 10-year Treasury note, so most borrowers are somewhat shielded from Fed moves and recent economic uncertainty.
Current interest rates on undergraduate federal student loans made through June 30 are 6.39%, according to the U.S. Department of Education. Interest rates for the upcoming school year will be based in part on the May auction of the 10-year note.
Car loans
Auto loan rates are tied to several factors, including the Fed’s benchmark. Because financing costs remain elevated, new car buyers are taking on longer loans to keep their monthly payments manageable, according to the latest data from Edmunds.
Even so, with the rate on a five-year new car loan near 7%, the average monthly payment on a new car rose to $773 in the first quarter of 2026, an all-time high.
“Car buyers are in a tough spot right now because they’re getting squeezed from both ends: high sticker prices and high interest rates, with neither showing any signs of letting up,” said Joseph Yoon, consumer insights analyst at Edmunds.
“Until the rate picture shifts, buyers will keep stretching loan terms to make payments work, which only adds to the total cost of ownership down the road,” Yoon said.
Savings rates
While the Fed has no direct influence on deposit rates, the yields tend to be correlated with changes in the target federal funds rate. So, although rates on certificates of deposit and high-yield savings accounts have fallen from recent highs, they are holding above the annual rate of inflation.
For now, top-yielding online savings accounts and one-year CD rates pay around 4%, according to Bankrate.
“Yields on high-yield savings accounts and certificates of deposit are down from their peaks of a few years ago, but they’re still strong compared to what we’ve seen for most of the past decade,” Schulz said.
Milan Markovic | E+ | Getty Images
The average tax refund is 11.2% higher this season, compared with about the same period in 2025, according to the latest IRS filing data.
As of April 10, the average refund amount for individual filers was $3,397, up from $3,055 about one year ago, the IRS reported on Friday.
The IRS data reflects about 114 million individual returns received, out of about 164 million expected through Tax Day. Next week’s filing update is expected to include data through the April 15 deadline.
President Donald Trump‘s 2025 legislation, rebranded to the “working families tax cuts,” was a key talking point for Republicans on Tax Day.
With the November midterm elections approaching and Republicans defending slim majorities in Congress, many GOP lawmakers have highlighted Trump’s tax breaks and higher average refunds.
Meanwhile, affordability has been top of mind for many Americans amid rising costs of gas, electricity, food and other living expenses.
For filers who expected a refund this season, nearly one-quarter, or 23%, planned to use the funds to pay down credit card debt, and the same share said they would save the payment, according to the CNBC and SurveyMonkey Quarterly Money Survey, released in April. It polled 3,494 U.S. adults at the end of March.
Who benefited from Trump’s ‘big beautiful bill’
“It’s been a great tax season for the American people,” many of whom have benefited from Trump’s tax breaks, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said during a White House press briefing on Wednesday.
More than 53 million filers claimed at least one of Trump’s “signature new tax cuts” — the deductions for tip income, overtime earnings, seniors and auto loan interest — the Department of the Treasury also announced on Wednesday.
Those filers, who claimed the deductions on Schedule 1-A, have seen an average tax cut of over $800, according to the Treasury. Tax cuts can trigger a higher refund or reduce taxes owed, depending on the filer’s situation.
Some filers who itemize tax breaks have also seen benefits from the bigger federal deduction limit for state and local taxes, known as SALT. Trump’s legislation raised that cap to $40,000, up from $10,000, for 2025.
The latest SALT deduction limit change is expected to primarily benefit higher earners, according to a May 2025 analysis of various proposals from the Tax Foundation.
The Treasury has not released data on how many filers have claimed the SALT deduction during the 2026 filing season.
Traders work at the New York Stock Exchange on April 16, 2026.
NYSE
U.S. stocks climbed to record highs on Thursday against a backdrop of war, an oil supply shock and economic forecasts warning of stunted growth amid a protracted conflict.
Many investors may be thinking: Why?
Largely, it’s because the stock market is a barometer of what investors think will happen in the future, rather than an assessment of the present day, according to economists and market analysts.
Investors are essentially shrugging off the Middle East conflict as a blip that will be resolved relatively quickly, they said.
“The stock market isn’t trying to price what’s happening today,” said Joe Seydl, a senior markets economist at J.P. Morgan Private Bank. “The stock market is always trying to price what the world is going to look like six to 12 months from now.”
Why stocks have been ‘resilient’
The S&P 500, a U.S. stock index, fell about 8% in the initial weeks of the Iran war, from the start of the conflict on Feb. 28 to a recent low on March 30.
But stocks have rebounded since then, erasing all losses since the beginning of the war. The S&P 500 closed at an all-time high on Thursday — about 11% higher than its nadir at the end of March. That followed a record close on Wednesday.
“The market has remained very resilient in the face of the war and has rallied strongly on the prospect that it will be resolved,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s.
A ship waits to pass through the Strait of Hormuz following the two-week temporary ceasefire between the US and Iran, which is conditional on the opening of the strait, in Oman on April 8, 2026.
Shady Alassar | Anadolu | Getty Images
And while investors cheered the possibility of a diplomatic off-ramp to the conflict, the temporary ceasefire has appeared tenuous, with the U.S. and Iran each accusing the other of breaking the agreement.
Nations haven’t been able to reach a peace deal ahead of the ceasefire’s end. Vice President JD Vance said U.S. officials left peace talks in Pakistan over the weekend after the Iranian delegation refused to agree to American demands not to develop a nuclear weapon.
The markets ‘have memory’
Ultimately, the stock market is signaling a collective belief that tensions will ratchet down, the war will end in the near term and oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz will normalize, economists said.
That’s largely because investors have been conditioned to believe that President Donald Trump will back off if the economic pain becomes too intense, economists said — the so-called “TACO” trade, shorthand for “Trump always chickens out.”
“Investors strongly believe — and have been conditioned to believe — he’s going to stand down, find a way to pivot, declare victory and move on,” Zandi said.
Trump has pushed back on the notion of backing down, framing his brinkmanship as a savvy negotiating tactic.
Economists pointed to a recent example of this dynamic: in April 2025 during so-called liberation day, when the Trump administration levied a host of tariffs on U.S. trading partners.
Within days — after the stock market had cratered more than 12% — Trump announced a 90-day pause on those tariffs. Stocks then saw one of their biggest daily rallies in history following Trump’s reversal.
Investors remember that Trump often de-escalates geopolitical shocks — which is why they’ve seized on positive headlines that hint at progress in peace talks, for example, Seydl said.
“The markets have memory,” Seydl said.
AI stocks and the ‘tech boom’
Traders celebrating at the New York Stock Exchange on April 15, 2026, as the S&P 500 closed above the 7,000 level for the first time.
NYSE
There are other factors underpinning market resilience during wartime, economists said.
One is the investors’ enthusiasm for artificial intelligence and technology stocks, which account for almost half of the S&P 500’s market capitalization, Zandi said.
“Those stocks run on their own dynamic independent of anything, including the war in Iran,” Zandi said. “I think we would have been down a lot more and it would have been harder for us to recover had it not been for the very, very optimistic perspectives on AI.”
We’re in the middle of a “tech boom” — and investors are likely to remain optimistic until they think the tech cycle has run its course, Seydl said.
More broadly, stock investors are essentially making a bet on the future earnings growth of a company — and the earnings backdrop has been “pretty solid,” Seydl said.
Consumer spending appears to be stable, for example, economists said. And companies are getting a boost to their after-tax earnings from the GOP’s so-called “big beautiful bill,” which, among other things, made it easier to write off investments upfront and therefore reduce their tax liability, Zandi said.
Going forward
Experts said there will be an economic hit from the Iran war, though.
“Despite the recent news of a temporary ceasefire, some damage is already done, and the downside risks remain elevated,” Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, director of research at the International Monetary Fund, wrote Tuesday.
A protracted conflict risks deep and global economic pain, he wrote.
Even if the conflict is short-lived — as the broad market expects — stocks are unlikely to march much higher until it’s clear the U.S. is on the other side of the war and its economic fallout, Zandi said.
If investors are incorrect, and President Trump doesn’t back down or quickly extricate the U.S. from the war, the stock market may see a “full-blown correction” or worse, Zandi said. A stock market correction is a decline of at least 10% from recent highs.
“Everyone thinks they know what the script is,” Zandi said. “Now they just need to follow the script. If they don’t, the market will have some real problems.”
The uncertainty provides yet another example of why the average investor with a long time horizon should stick to their investment plan and ignore the noise, experts said.
“Trying to time the market is very difficult if not impossible for the average investor,” Seydl said. “It’s better to take a long-term perspective and ride out bouts of volatility.”
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