BEIJING — China needs to convince people that home prices are on their way up in order for economic activity to pick up, Richard Koo, chief economist at Nomura Research Institute, told CNBC’s Steve Sedgwick last week.
Business and consumer appetite for new loans have had a tepid start to the year, while home prices dropped at a steeper pace in January than in February, according to Goldman Sachs’ analysis.
“For them to come back and borrow money, we need a narrative that says, okay, this is the bottom of the prices, the prices will start going up from this point onwards,” Koo said.
But it’s not clear whether prices have reached an actual bottom yet. Koo and other analysts have pointed out that in China’s policy-driven economy, house prices have not fallen as much as expected given declines in other aspects of the property market.
Chinese officials have said that real estate remains in a period of “adjustment.” The country has also been emphasizing new growth drivers such as manufacturing and new energy vehicles.
Real estate and related sectors have accounted for at least one-fifth of China’s economy, depending on analyst estimates. The property market began its latest slump after Beijing cracked down on developers’ high reliance on debt in 2020.
That coincided with the shock from the Covid-19 pandemic.
It also comes as China’s population has started to shrink, Koo pointed out — a big difference with Japan, whose population didn’t start to fall until 2009, he said.
“That makes this narrative, that the prices have fallen enough, you should go out and borrow and buy houses, even more difficult to justify because [the] population is now shrinking,” Koo said.
Lessons from history
China’s economy officially grew by 5.2% in 2023, the first year since the end of Covid-19 controls. Beijing has set a target of around 5% growth for 2024.
However, many analysts have said such a goal is ambitious without more stimulus.
Chinese authorities have been reluctant to embark on large-scale support for the economy. Koo said an underlying reason is that Beijing views its prior stimulus program as a mistake.
About 15 years ago, in the wake of the global financial crisis, China launched a 4 trillion yuan ($563.38 billion) stimulus package that was initially met with skepticism — and a 70% drop in Chinese stock prices, Koo said.
“It was heading toward balance sheet recession, almost,” he said. “One year later, China had 12% growth.”
But Beijing kept up its stimulus package even after the country had achieved rapid growth, which led to an overheating of growth and speculation, on top of corruption, Koo said. “That’s one of the reasons why this government, Mr. Xi Jinping, is still reluctant to put [out] a large package because so many people think the previous one was a failure.”
Looking ahead, Koo said China should stimulate its economy to avoid a balance sheet recession, and that it should cut that support once growth reaches 12%. “Once the borrow[ing] is coming back, then you can cut, but not before.”
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Check out the companies making headlines in premarket trading. Oil stocks — Energy stocks climbed in premarket trading amid a jump in oil prices after Israel launched airstrikes against Iran without U.S. support, drawing concerns over the supply outlook from the oil-rich Persian Gulf. Chevron and Exxon Mobil rallied about 3% each, while ConocoPhillips jumped more than 4%. EOG Resources gained more than 3%. Gold stocks — Stocks tied to gold advanced as investors flocked to the perceived safe haven amid the geopolitical escalation. Newmont and SSR Mining both rose more than 1%, as did the VanEck Gold Miners ETF (GDX) . Defense stocks — Weapons manufacturers rose amid elevated geopolitical risk following Israel’s attack on Iran. RTX and Northrop Grumman both surged more than 4%, Lockheed Martin gained 3.5% and L3Harris Technologies added 2.2%. Cruise lines and airlines — Travel companies slid as investors worried that heightened risk would deter vacationers and spikes in oil prices would hurt profit. Carnival fell more than 4%, Norwegian Cruise Line and Royal Caribbean Cruises dropped more than 3% each. United Airlines weakened more than 5% while Delta Air Lines and American Airlines each declined more than 4%. Southwest Airlines shed more than 2%. Hotel stocks — Hotel and resort stocks declined as traders weighed the outlook for diminished travel demand following Israel’s strike on Iran. Hilton Worldwide and InterContinental Hotels Group slipped more than 2% apiece, while Marriott pulled back nearly 2%. RH — The home furnishings retailer jumped 19% after posting a surprise adjusted profit in its fiscal first-quarter. RH earned an adjusted 13 cents per share, while analysts surveyed by LSEG expected a loss of 9 cents per share. Net income of $8 million reversed a year-earlier loss of $3.6 million, but revenue trailed Street estimates. RH shares were down more than 50% year to date ahead of the report. DraftKings — Shares of the sports betting app lost nearly 3% after imposing a 50-cent transaction fee in Illinois starting in September after state lawmakers passed a budget including what one analyst described as a surprise increase in an online gambling tax . Adobe — Shares fell more than 3% after the graphic design software company posted better-than-expected second-quarter earnings. StreetAccount cited concern over a “slight deceleration in Subscription and cRPO growth rates [and] implied Q4 growth outlook.” In the latest quarter, Adobe earned an adjusted $5.06 per share on $5.87 billion in revenue, above the $4.96 per share and $5.79 billion in revenue analysts surveyed by LSEG were expecting. Adobe also lifted its full-year guidance. GE Vernova — The turbine manufacturer slipped nearly 3% on the heels of a downgrade to peer perform from outperform at Wolfe Research. Analyst Nigel Coe cited concern over GE Vernova’s “challenging valuation” after a more than 48% gain for the stock in 2025. — CNBC’s Yun Li, Jesse Pound, Sean Conlon and Brian Evans contributed reporting