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Bill would cap credit card interest rates at 10%. What it means for you

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Despite the Federal Reserve‘s recent cuts, credit card interest rates have been hovering near record highs. A new bipartisan bill would cap them at a dramatically lower figure, but experts say it may not be a win for consumers.

Senators Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., and Josh Hawley, R-Mo., introduced a bill this week that would cap credit card interest rates at a 10% annual percentage rate (APR) for five years. It’s an idea President Donald Trump floated at campaign rally in New York in September

“Capping credit card interest rates at 10%, just like President Trump campaigned on, is a simple way to provide meaningful relief to working people,” Hawley said in a statement

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The average APR on credit cards for January 2025 was 24.26%, according to LendingTree.

Almost half of credit card holders carry debt from month to month, according to a recent survey by Bankrate. In 2022, credit card companies charged consumers more than $105 billion in interest and more than $25 billion in fees, according to a 2023 study by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. 

“We cannot continue to allow big banks to make huge profits ripping off the American people. This legislation will provide working families struggling to pay their bills with desperately needed financial relief,” Sanders said in a statement.

Limiting credit card interest rates is not a new idea

This isn’t the first time these senators have proposed the idea of a rate cap. In 2023, Hawley proposed an 18% rate cap, while Sanders proposed a 15% rate cap in 2019. Neither had adequate support to advance the proposals.  

Around three-quarters, or 77%, of Americans surveyed said they support a cap on the interest rates financial institutions can charge on a credit card, according to a recent survey by LendingTree. But that support is down from 80% in 2022, and 84% in 2019. 

The legislation has a long way to go before it could become law, and experts say its fate may depend in part on what happens with inflation, and whether Trump continues to support the measure. 

“If pricing stays stable, I think it’s going to be much tougher to advance this kind of legislation,” said Jaret Seiberg, a policy analyst for TD Cowen.

Fees, rate structure may still make credit expensive

While a 10% rate cap may sound appealing, experts say the intricacies of how it is structured are important, with consideration for periodic interest rates, fees and the repayment structure.

“You could have zero interest and still have an incredibly expensive product,” said Chi Chi Wu, a senior attorney at the National Consumer Law Center.

The proposal also seems at odds with the Trump administration’s interest in eliminating the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, she said.

“If policy makers want to show that they actually care about protecting consumers’ wallets and keeping them from being abused by high-cost credit, they would make sure we have a strong Consumer Financial Protection Bureau,” Wu said.

Rate caps could limit access to credit

The banking industry opposes the idea of a rate cap. Seven financial groups representing banks and credit unions of all sizes have joined forces to oppose the measure. They say it will limit consumers’ access to credit and push them into higher-priced, less-regulated products like payday loans, which can have an average APR of 400%

“There’s no evidence that APR caps make consumers better off or save them money,” said Lindsey Johnson, president and CEO of the Consumer Bankers Association. 

There are already a few federal caps on interest rates. In 2006, Congress passed the Military Lending Act, which put a 36% interest cap on revolving loans for active duty service members and their families.

Federal credit unions are typically restricted to a 15% APR maximum, but the rate can be increased to protect the safety and soundness of the credit union. The maximum is currently 18% through March 10, 2026.

Banks blame high credit card rates on regulation that's unlikely to arrive

Bankers say a rate cap inhibits lenders and reduces access to credit for higher-risk consumers. 

“Providing an all-in APR is a flawed tool for measuring the true cost of the loan, because to maintain the safety and soundness of the lender and ensure that credit availability is offered to a broad range of consumers, banks have to price their loan products commensurate with a risk for each borrower,” Johnson said. 

New bill may not apply to existing debt

For consumers who are already carrying debt, this proposal may not be the lifeline it appears. 

“If you already have a lot of debt, this legislation probably doesn’t help you,” said Seiberg.

That’s because the interest rate cap wouldn’t be applied retroactively, he said: “It’s likely to only be on new purchases.” 

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Personal Finance

DOGE purge at FDIC threaten nation’s banking system

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U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) speaks to a crowd gathered in front of the U.S. Treasury Department in protest of Elon Musk and the Department of Government Efficiency on Feb. 4, 2025 in Washington, DC.

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In response to a request from Sen. Elizabeth Warren, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. will review President Donald Trump‘s recent move to lay off more workers at the watchdog agency.

Backed by the Trump administration, Elon Musk and his advisory group, the Department of Government Efficiency, reduced the FDIC staff by around 1,000 employees so far this year through buyout offers and the layoffs of probationary employees, according to reports. The additional firings were part of a larger effort to shrink the federal bureaucracy.

The FDIC is already severely understaffed, which “threatens the stability of the banking system,” Warren, D-Mass., said in a letter sent on Feb. 10 to Inspector General Jennifer Fain and shared exclusively with CNBC. Senators Raphael Warnock, D-Ga., Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., and Lisa Blunt Rochester, D-Del., also signed the letter.

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Fain responded to the lawmakers in a letter dated Feb. 19, which was also shared exclusively with CNBC, saying “the full effect and impact on the structure and mission of the FDIC due to the hiring freeze, deferred resignations, and any reshaping and restructuring remain to be seen.”

Further, Fain said, “we will be adapting our oversight work to better understand and determine the effect of recent changes and their impact on the FDIC to maintain stability and confidence in nation’s banking system.”

In a statement Thursday, Warren said she was “pleased that the FDIC Inspector General will review the threats to the stability of the banking system caused by the Trump Administration’s recent buyouts, terminations, and job rescissions to bank examiners and other FDIC staff.”

“These cuts threaten the reliability and integrity of federal deposit insurance and inhibit the FDIC’s capacity to ensure the stability and confidence that underpin our nation’s banking system,” she said.

Risks of ‘a shortage of cops on the beat’

In the initial letter to Fain, the senators said staffing shortages directly contributed to Signature Bank‘s failure in March 2023.

The lack of examiners “led to a series of supervisory delays, canceled or postponed exams, and quality control issues in the supervision of Signature,” the letter said.

Former FDIC chair Sheila Bair: Eliminating the FDIC would be a mistake

“The lesson learned in this case was that a shortage of cops on the beat can threaten the safety and soundness of the banking system and pose risks to the Deposit Insurance Fund,” the letter stated.

The incident marked the largest U.S. banking failure since the 2008 financial crisis, and one of the biggest bank failures in U.S. history. The unexpected shutdown also caused widespread concern among consumers about their deposits, their bank and the banking system.

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Personal Finance

High costs, economic worries have homebuyers retreating

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There are signs that the housing market is swinging to favor buyers. However, renewed worries about the economy are holding some buyers back.

On the upside for homebuyers, home price growth has slowed and mortgage rates have retreated from recent peaks.

The median sale price for homes was $375,475 in the four weeks ending February 16, up 3.7% from a year prior, according to Redfin, a real estate brokerage firm. That is the smallest increase in nearly five months.

Meanwhile, the average 30-year fixed rate mortgage inched down to 6.87% the week ending Feb. 13, per Freddie Mac data. That’s the lowest so far in the year, and down from the latest peak of 7.04% in January.

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However, “buyers are still faced with this massive affordability challenge,” said Orphe Divounguy, a senior economist at Zillow.

Mortgage applications for the week ending February 14 fell 6.6% from a week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Banker’s Association. Experts forecast January home sales data — set to come out Friday — to show a decline.

On top of relatively high costs, some buyers could be having second thoughts as uncertainty about the broader economy creeps in, according to Chen Zhao, an economist at Redfin.

“A lot of it is coming from the White House,” she said of the reasons that have buyers worried.

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Some home sellers are cutting their asking prices, too. The typical home is selling for 2% less than its asking price, the biggest discount in two years, per Redfin data.

Buyers worry about the economy, job loss

Some buyers are rethinking their plans given broader economic uncertainty, experts say.

As of mid-February, thousands of workers across multiple federal agencies and departments have been laid off as part of President Trump’s aim to reduce the government workforce.

This can make people who either work directly with the government or are connected through contract work or federal funding “nervous that there could be big changes on the horizon,” Zhao said.

“They are worried about job security,” said Zhao, which takes a home purchase off the table.

“The first thing you might do is hold off on a really big purchase because you’re worried about financial security,” she added.

A lot of it is coming from the White House.

Chen Zhao

head of economics research at Redfin

The anxiety doesn’t stop there — the possibility of trade wars and drastic changes in government spending may leave Americans wondering “what’s next?” Zhao explained.

Trump signed a presidential memorandum laying out his plan to impose “reciprocal tariffs” on foreign nations. The plan allows the U.S. to treat other countries’ non-tariff policies as unfair trade practices that warrant tariffs in response.

For consumers, the prospect of higher prices on everyday items and the potential for inflation to accelerate may make them hesitate to invest in a new home.

How to navigate the buyers’ market

If you’ve been in the market for a while and you see a house that you really like, try to negotiate hard on the price and see where it goes, Zhao said.

If the home seller isn’t open to lowering the asking price, see if they can cover additional expenses like closing costs or to pay for the buyer’s real estate agent fees.

Those can be valuable concessions.

Closing costs can run between about 2% and 6% of the loan amount, according to NerdWallet. If you take out a $300,000 mortgage, you could pay from $6,000 to $18,000 in closing costs on top of the down payment.

The average buyer’s agent commission was 2.37% for homes sold in the fourth quarter of 2024, down from 2.45% a year prior, per a data analysis by Redfin. 

If not, check out the new builds market — some builders are offering incentives like “in-house lending” and often provide favorable loan terms like lower rates, experts say.

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Personal Finance

Americans’ average credit card balance hits $6,580

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Why your grocery prices are still so high

Americans are racking up more and more credit card debt.

Collectively, consumers owe a record $1.21 trillion on their credit cards, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York recently reported.

The average balance per consumer now stands at $6,580, up 3.5% year over year, according to a separate quarterly credit industry insights report from TransUnion.

Despite the uptick, the rate of change has slowed considerably, said Charlie Wise, TransUnion’s senior vice president of global research and consulting. “Consumers are still continuing to use their credit cards, but the amount they are leaning on them seems to be declining.”

In the wake of the pandemic, higher prices and high interest rates put many households under pressure and prices are still rising, albeit at a slower pace than they had been.

The consumer price index — a key inflation barometer — has fallen gradually from a 9.1% pandemic-era peak in June 2022 to 3% in January. but is still above the Federal Reserve’s 2% goal.

The central bank cut its benchmark rate by a full percentage point in the second half of 2024, but policymakers have been advocating a more cautious pace ahead as they evaluate the overall strength of the labor market and President Donald Trump‘s policy ramifications.

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According to meeting minutes released Wednesday, Federal Reserve officials agreed they would need to see inflation come down more before lowering interest rates further, and expressed concern about the impact tariffs may have.

In the meantime, households have largely adjusted to a new normal of high prices and high rates, Wise said: “We’re seeing a bit less of a reliance on credit cards to make ends meet.” After balances soared in 2022 and 2023, the growth in credit card debt has slowed considerably, he said.

Credit card delinquency rates, or those 90 days or more past due, fell year over year for the first time since 2020, TransUnion also found. “This is a good sign,” Wise said.

How to get out of credit card debt

“The good news is that there are plenty of options to help you pay down card debt,” Schulz said.

Rather than wait for a modest adjustment in the months ahead from further Fed rate cuts, borrowers could call their card issuer now and ask for a lower rate, switch to a zero-interest balance transfer credit card or consolidate and pay off high-interest credit cards with a personal loan, Schulz advised.

“If you’re really struggling, an accredited nonprofit credit counselor can make a huge difference,” he said. “Doing nothing, however, is not an option. It’ll only make things worse.” 

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