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Accountants tackle tariff increases after ‘Liberation Day’

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President Trump’s imposition of steep tariffs on countries around the world is likely to drive demand for accounting experts and consultants to help companies adjust and forecast the ever-changing percentages and terms.

On April 2, which Trump dubbed “Liberation Day,” he announced a raft of reciprocal tariffs of varying percentages on trading partners across the globe and signed an executive order to put the import taxes into effect. Finance executives have been gaming out how to respond to the potential tariffs that Trump has been threatening to impose since before he was re-elected, far exceeding those he actually levied during his first term.

“A lot of CFOs are thinking they are going to pass along the tariffs to their customer base, and about another half are thinking we’re going to absorb it and be more creative in other ways we can save money inside our company,” said Tom Hood, executive vice president for business engagement and growth at the AICPA & CIMA. 

The AICPA & CIMA’s most recent quarterly economic outlook survey in early March polled a group of business executives who are also CPAs and found that 85% said tariffs were creating uncertainty in their business plans, while 14% of the business execs saw potential positive impacts for their business from the prospect of tariffs as increased cost of competing products would benefit them, and 59% saw potential negative impacts to their businesses from the prospect of tariffs. This in turn has led to a dimming outlook on the economy among the executives polled.

“CFOs in our community are telling us that, effectively, they’re looking at this a lot like what happened over COVID with a big disruption out of nowhere,” said Hood. “This one, they could see it coming. But the point is they had to immediately pivot into forecasting and projection with basically forward-looking financial analysis to help their companies, CEOs, etc., plan for what could be coming next. This is true for firms who are advising clients. They might be hired to do the planning in an outsourced way, if the company doesn’t have the finance talent inside to do that.”

The tariffs are not set in stone, and other countries are likely to continue to negotiate them with the U.S., as Canada and Mexico have been doing in recent months.

“The one thing that I think we can all count on is a certain amount of uncertainty in this process, at least for the next several months,” said Charles Clevenger, a principal at UHY Consulting who specializes in supply chain and procurement strategy. “It’s hard to tell if it’s going to go beyond that or not, but it certainly feels that way.”

Accountants will need to make sure their companies and clients stay compliant with whatever conditions are imposed by the U.S. and its trading partners. “This is a more complex tariff environment than most companies have experienced in the past, or that seems to be where we’re headed, and so ensuring compliance is really important,” said Clevenger.

Big Four firms are advising caution among their clients.

“Our point of view is we’re advising all of our clients to do a few things right out of the gate,” said Martin Fiore, EY Americas deputy vice chair of tax, during a webinar Thursday. “Model and analyze the trade flows. Look at your supply chain structures. Understand those and execute scenario planning on supply chain structures that could evolve in new environments. That is really important: the ability for companies to address the questions they’re getting from their C-suite, from their stakeholders, is critical. Every company is in a different spot according to the discussions we’ve had. We just are really emphasizing, with all the uncertainty, know your structure, know your position, have modeling put in place, so as we go through the next rounds of discussions over many months, you have an understanding of your structure.”

Scenario planning will be especially important amid all the unpredictability for companies large and small. “They’re going to be looking at all the different countries they might have supply chains in,” said Hood. “And then even the smaller midsized companies that might not be big, giant global companies, they might be supplying things to a big global company, and if they’re in part of that supply chain, they’ll be impacted through this whole cycle as well.”

Accountants will have to factor the extra tariffs and import taxes into their costs and help their clients decide whether to pass on the costs to customers, while also keeping an eye out for pricing among their competitors and suppliers.

“It’s just like accounting for any goods that you’re purchasing,” said Hood. “They often have tariffs and taxes built into them at different levels. I think the difference is these could be bigger and they could be more uncertain, because we’re not even sure they’re going to stick until you see the response by the other countries and the way this is absorbed through the market. I think we’re going through this period of deeper uncertainty. Even though they’re announced, we know that the administration has a tendency to negotiate, so I’m sure we’re going to see this thing evolve, probably in the next 30 days or whatever. The other thing our CFOs are reminding us of is that the stock market is not the economy.”

Amid the market fluctuations, companies and their accountants will need to watch closely as the rules and tariff rates fluctuate and ensure they are complying with the trading rules. “Do we have country of origin specified properly?” said Clevenger. “Are we completing the right paperwork? When there are questions, are we being responsive? Are we close to our broker? Are we monitoring our customs entries and all the basic things that we need to do? That’s more important now than it has been in the past because of this increase in complexity.”

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Accounting

In the blogs: Breathing room

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Private equity in the profession; green cards and exit taxes; governance for preparers; and other highlights from our favorite tax bloggers.

Breathing room

  • Current Federal Tax Developments (https://www.currentfederaltaxdevelopments.com/): The critical updates of Notice 2025-33, which impacts digital asset brokers and their compliance obligations under IRC Sections 6045, 3406 and related penalty provisions, extend and modify previously granted transitional relief, “offering much-needed breathing room.”
  • Sovos (https://sovos.com/blog/): The IRS will decommission the Filing Information Returns Electronically system in January 2027; all 2026 returns will need to use the new IRS Information Returns Intake System. The window for preparation is closing fast. 
  • Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (https://itep.org/category/blog/): State legislatures are enjoying a quiet time now, a temporary calm before the storm of the federal tax and budget debate begins raging again.
  • Tax Foundation (https://taxfoundation.org/blog): Illinois policymakers should think twice before taxing GILTI.

Simplify, simplify, simplify

  • Mauled Again (http://mauledagain.blogspot.com/): Why hasn’t the blogger been commenting on the federal legislation that would extend and enlarge tax cuts and tax breaks for wealthy individuals and corporations? The answer is simple. 
  • TaxProf Blog (http://taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/): The contours of the Supreme Court’s dormant Commerce Clause doctrine of internal consistency, which asks whether a state tax intrinsically overreaches in imposing a burden upon interstate commerce, are difficult to understand. A recent paper examines how uncertainty is suggested again by Zilka v. Tax Review Board
  • The Rosenberg Associates (https://rosenbergassoc.com/blog/): Private equity entered the accounting profession with promises of creating value and fixing many of the pain points in the profession. A recent survey shows that while PE is already delivering on some of those promises, mixed feelings (and warning signs) abound.
  • Wiss (https://wiss.com/insights/read/): The recent Tax Court decision in Soroban Capital Partners LP v. Commissioner has rippled through the financial and legal communities and reinforced the importance of functional roles over formal titles when determining tax liability under self-employment tax.
  • Virginia – U.S. Tax Talk: (https://us-tax.org/about-this-us-tax-blog/): When a foreign national works in the U.S. and is granted stock options, taxation of these options can become complex if the individual later leaves the U.S. and becomes a nonresident alien for tax purposes. 

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Oil industry gets $1B tax tweak in GOP’s Senate bill

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Senate Republicans included a tax break estimated to be worth more than $1 billion for oil and gas producers in their version of President Donald Trump’s sprawling fiscal package. 

The provision would allow energy companies subject to a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax to deduct certain drilling costs when calculating their taxable income. Companies including ConocoPhillips, Ovintiv Inc. and Civitas Resources, Inc. lobbied in favor of it.

The change, included in the legislation released Monday by Republicans on the Senate tax writing committee, is nearly identical to a bill by Republican Senator James Lankford. His home state of Oklahoma is among the top oil and gas producing states.  

Lankford’s bill, called the Promoting Domestic Energy Production Act, would cost the US government $1.1 billion over 10 years, according to the non-profit Tax Foundation, which cited an estimate from the non-partisan Joint Committee on Taxation. 

A representative for Lankford declined to comment. 

Earlier this year, Lankford told CNBC that his bill was necessary to prevent independent oil and gas producers from being squeezed by the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax, enacted under former President Joe Biden to prevent corporations from using deductions and credits to pay little or no taxes.

“If we can’t get rid of that entirely we at least need to give some relief to those folks who are independent producers,” Lankford said. “We need to be able to get some relief to them so they’re not constantly worried about it.”

Environmental and watchdog groups including Friends of the Earth and Public Citizen panned the provision included in the Senate bill as a giveaway to fossil fuel companies. 

“This proposal would introduce a massive new loophole for oil and gas companies,” said Lukas Shankar-Ross, deputy director for climate for Friends of the Earth.

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Rich colleges would face lower tax hike under Senate tax bill

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Wealthy U.S. colleges scored a win on Monday with the release of Senate Republicans’ tax bill, which would institute a lower tax increase on endowments than what GOP House members have backed. 

Private universities with at least 500 students that have endowments of $2 million per pupil or more would pay an excise tax of 8% under the new bill released by the Senate Committee on Finance. The levy would be placed on net-investment income earned by the endowments. That’s much lower than the 21% rate that was included in the House proposal, which passed the chamber in May.

The endowment tax would raise revenue to offset President Donald Trump’s tax cuts and it would punish universities that are “woke,” in the words of the House tax-writing committee. The White House has frozen federal funding to a number of schools including the Ivy League’s Harvard, Princeton and Columbia. 

Under the new proposal, institutions with endowments of $750,000 to $1,999,999 per student would face a tax of just 4%. Under the House plan, colleges with endowments over $1.25 million per student but below $2 million would pay 14%. Colleges have warned that the House plan would be extremely costly for the schools and take away from financial aid provided to students. 

Religious schools would be exempt from the tax in both the House and Senate proposals. The current levy of 1.4% on the richest colleges was instituted as part of the 2017 Trump tax cuts.

Karin Johns, director of tax policy for the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, said the tax should be eliminated and not expanded.

“The tax remains purely punitive, unfairly impacts one sector of higher education, disincentivizes charitable giving, and siphons funds to the federal government used to support students and their families,” she said in an emailed statement. 

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