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Cloud computing tax threatens Chicago’s Silicon Valley ambitions

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Chicago’s bid to become the Silicon Valley of the Midwest has registered some major wins in recent years: Google bought a huge downtown building, PsiQuantum Corp. announced a $1 billion investment in the city, and local startups raised a record $19 billion in 2022.

Now a move to increase an unusual tax on cloud computing risks adding to a broader technology industry downturn to derail progress in the third-largest U.S. city.

Faced with a nearly $1 billion deficit for next year, Mayor Brandon Johnson has proposed an additional $128 million in revenue by increasing the levy, first implemented in 2016. The plan, expected to be voted on by the City Council’s finance committee on Tuesday, is spurring criticism from business leaders already fighting the progressive politician over everything from crime to the future of the city’s schools.

“This isn’t good,” said Chris Deutsch, founder of Chicago-based Lofty Ventures, which invests in startups. “They’re just going to keep ratcheting up these taxes and it’s going to really hurt business and the entire tech community here. Maybe not immediately but over time, this is a terrible trend and will absolutely hurt us.”

Johnson, a former union organizer who surprised pundits when he beat incumbent Lori Lightfoot, had already alienated many of the city’s economic leaders by proposing a series of taxes on the rich. All at a time when the Chicago area is contending with the loss of firms including Citadel, Boeing Co., Caterpillar Inc. and the local offices of Tyson Foods Inc.

The mayor’s plan to raise taxes on sales of million-dollar homes failed in a referendum and Illinois Governor JB Pritzker said he would block Johnson’s ambitions to establish a financial transaction tax. Raising the levy on cloud computing could be a solution after City Council members rebuked Johnson’s plan for a $300 million property tax increase in a historic 50-0 vote.

“That one is the least egregious of a lot of things that are out there,” said Alderman Brian Hopkins, who said Johnson is getting closer to securing the votes he needs to pass the budget before the Dec. 31 deadline. 

A spokesperson for the city’s finance and budget departments said the tax is based on usage, minimizing the impact on small businesses. For example, a small business using the starter suite of Salesforce Inc. for one user would see the levy increase by just 50 cents a month, according to a statement to Bloomberg.

“This approach balances the need for additional revenue with the city’s commitment to supporting economic growth and remaining an attractive environment for businesses of all sizes,” the spokesperson said.

Competitive disadvantage

Chicago is one of few cities in the country that taxes cloud computing and software — others include Denver and Washington, D.C. The tax, known as the Personal Property Lease Transaction, would be increased to 11% from the current rate of 9%.

Lucy Dadayan, a principal research associate at the Urban Institute warned that the levy may have “unintended consequences” by putting Chicago at a a competitive disadvantage.

“I don’t know the details of how this will come out, but the concern would be that you’re just driving people away from doing business in Chicago,” said Keith Todd, chief executive officer of Trading Technologies, a Chicago-based platform that offers clients access to derivatives trading. “All it will mean is that consumers will be disadvantaged.” 

Chicago’s tech community experienced a surge in growth after the pandemic, when work-from-home became the norm, allowing people to move to places with a lower cost of living like Chicago. Startups in the city raised $19.2 billion in 2022, an increase of 85% from a year earlier. Funds became much more scarce last year due to high interest rates and a broader downturn that saw tech companies lay off workers across the country.

The city also gained a boost when Alphabet Inc.’s Google announced in 2022 that it was buying the James R. Thompson Center, an underused government-owned building that occupies a full city block downtown. A year earlier, the company made a $1 billion equity investment in Chicago-based CME Group Inc. to accelerate the U.S.’s largest derivatives exchange’s move to the cloud.

In July, PsiQuantum said it would invest more than $1 billion to become the anchor tenant at a new quantum and microelectronics park planned by Pritzker in the South Side of Chicago.

The Illinois governor, who founded tech startup incubator 1871, has been key in trying to turn the state into a hub for new technologies from quantum to electric vehicles and data centers. His sister Penny Pritzker, former Secretary of Commerce, has also given the city a boost with her nonprofit P33, which aims to turn Chicago into a center of innovation by 2033.

Chicago startups

Cloud computing is essential to many up-and-coming tech companies, which often use the cloud as their main form of software distribution, according to Betsy Ziegler, CEO of 1871.  

“I’m less worried about Google and Amazon Web Services, I’m way more worried about the growth company that is trying to scale that has very constrained funds,” she said. “Does this create a constraint that reduces Chicago’s competitive environment to attract those companies to build here?” 

While Chicago’s tech community has grown, the city only ranked 23 among top markets, according to an analysis by commercial real estate firm CBRE which used metrics including talent concentration, labor costs and attractiveness to companies. The city has also lost 9.5% of its tech workforce between 2018 and 2023, with the most of the decline taking place last year.

Cloud computing is now almost as commonplace as email in most workplaces, becoming an attractive source of revenue for governments. When Chicago started taxing the service in 2016, the rate was just 5.25%. Lightfoot boosted it to 9% during the pandemic. If Johnson’s proposal goes ahead, the 11% rate will bring a total of $818 million in revenue for the city, said Budget Director Annette Guzman. 

The tax isn’t just a challenge for tech firms. About 5,000 companies are registered for the Personal Property Lease Transaction Tax, according to data from the city. These include CME, Citadel, Salesforce, Kraft Heinz Food Company, as well sports teams such the Cubs, the Blackhawks and the White Sox. 

“We are strongly opposed,” said Jack Lavin, chief executive officer for the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce. “This goes to the heart of what we are trying to do, which is to grow the economy.”

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Trump pushes SALT Republicans to abandon further increase

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President Donald Trump on Tuesday pushed back on demands from Republicans who have threatened to sink his giant tax bill if the legislation does not significantly boost the state and local tax deduction, said Representative Mark Amodei of Nevada. 

In a private meeting with House Republicans, Trump singled out the lawmakers from New York, New Jersey and California who have rejected the $30,000 deduction limit — three times the current cap — contained in the legislation moving through the House.

“He wants to leave it where it is, that’s basically what he said,” Representative Bruce Westerman of Arkansas said of the SALT provision in the bill after the meeting. 

The confrontation came moments after Trump told reporters the SALT deduction benefits Democratic states and politicians, signaling that the tax break, which predominantly benefits high-tax states like New York, New Jersey and California, isn’t a central concern of Republicans.

“It’s not a question of holdouts. We have a tremendously unified party,” Trump said Tuesday before meeting with lawmakers. “There’s some people that want a couple of things that maybe I don’t like or that they’re not going to get.”

Still, Trump has repeatedly pledged bigger SALT deductions, which were limited in his first-term tax cut bill. A faction of Republicans from high-tax states have threatened to sink Trump’s agenda over SALT. Trump, however, shrugged off those concerns. 

“There are one or two points some people feel strongly about, but maybe not so strongly,” Trump said ahead of the meeting. 

House Speaker Mike Johnson met with those SALT holdouts late Monday, but left without an agreement.

Representative Nick LaLota, a New York Republican, said House leaders offered a SALT proposal that would temporarily raise the cap higher than the $30,000 in the draft bill, before reverting back to the lower level. 

“Any proposal that has the cap falling off a cliff is unacceptable to me,” LaLota told reporters Tuesday morning. “Now is the time to get it right.”

Another New York Republican, Mike Lawler, told reporters there is no SALT deal and a vote on the bill — planned for as soon as Wednesday — will fail without one.

Johnson was more positive about the chances for a deal. He still plans for the House to vote on the package by the end of the week. 

“We’re going to get an agreement on everything necessary to get this over the line,” he said Tuesday.

The bill approved last week by the House tax committee sets a $30,000 cap for individuals and couples. That draft called for phasing down the deduction for those earning $400,000 or more, a plan quickly rejected by several lawmakers who called it insultingly low. The current writeoff is capped at $10,000.

Stephen Miran, who chairs the White House Council of Economic Advisors, said he was confident Trump would be able to quickly reach a deal on SALT with House Republicans.

“The president will deliver SALT relief to American households. I don’t know exactly what the number will shake out,” Miran told Bloomberg Television on Tuesday. “The president is one of the best negotiators in history and he’s shown over a career spanning decades that he can forge hundreds of deals and I think he’ll forge another one right in front of us now.”

The holdout lawmakers — who also include New York’s Andrew Garbarino and Elise Stefanik, New Jersey’s Tom Kean and Young Kim of California — have threatened to reject any tax package that does not raise the SALT cap sufficiently.

Garbarino said Johnson made the group several offers and that they’re awaiting more analysis Tuesday morning. 

“I’m just happy we’re having the discussion and they’re working with us,” Garbarino said.

Republicans are also squabbling over spending reductions in the bill, including weighing cuts to Medicaid health coverage and nutritional programs for low-income households.

They are trying to keep revenue losses from their tax-cut package down to a self-imposed limit of $4.5 trillion over 10 years. The current package has a $3.8- trillion revenue loss.

— With assistance from Jamie Tarabay, Jonathan Ferro, Skylar Woodhouse, Catherine Lucey, Jack Fitzpatrick, Steven T. Dennis and Ari Natter.

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Remittance tax plan poses threat to US allies in Central America

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A Republican proposal to tax remittances would deliver an economic blow to some of the U.S.’s poorest neighbors, including a close ally of President Donald Trump. 

The bill, presented to the House of Representatives last week, would levy a 5% tax on remittances for noncitizens and foreign nationals. That’s on top of a roughly 5% to 10% fee already charged on the payments by senders like Western Union Co. and MoneyGram International Inc., services migrants in the U.S. use to send money to family members back home.

The tax would directly hit payments that represent about one-fifth of the gross domestic product of El Salvador, where President Nayib Bukele has formed a strong alliance with the Trump administration by accepting deportees to be imprisoned. Honduras, which hosts a U.S. military base that has facilitated deportations to Venezuela, gets a similar proportion of remittances to the size of its economy, and Guatemala isn’t far behind.

A MoneyGram transfer location in San Salvador, El Salvador.

“It’s not good news for those who receive remittances,” said Carlos Acevedo, former central bank chief for El Salvador. “It might have a negative impact on economic growth.” 

Migrants from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras sent home record amounts of remittances last year, helping drive economic growth across Central America. Remittance flows have surged since Trump took office in January as migrants increase the amount of money they send home in anticipation of being deported. 

The funds are used largely for consumption by poorer families who often have few other sources of income. Mexico and Central America are the world’s most dependent areas for remittances sent from the U.S.  

“The effect isn’t just macroeconomic, it’s at a microeconomic level too, affecting families,” Guatemala Central Bank chief Alvaro Gonzalez Ricci said in a written response to questions. “The importance of remittances to the Guatemalan economy is growing, not just as a proportion of GDP, but also because the flows of millions of dollars boosts family consumption.” 

Gonzalez Ricci said migrants in the U.S. would likely absorb the additional tax, minimizing disruption to the inflows to Guatemala. Some states, especially those with sanctuary cities, will likely oppose the measure, he said. 

However, Manuel Orozco, who researches remittances at the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank, estimates that the proposed tax could lead to a 10% decline in volume of remittances sent and number of transactions.

“That’s very conservative — in other words, it’s your best-case scenario,” he said. “If this were to happen, I can see lots of people going crypto and other people relying on relatives that are U.S. citizens to send money for them.”

Mexican Foreign Affairs Minister Juan Ramon de la Fuente said the government would mount a legal and political defense to stop the plan, while the country’s Ambassador to the U.S. Esteban Moctezuma Barragan urged House representatives to reject the bill in a letter sent May 13. The proposal would mean double taxation of migrant workers who already pay income taxes in the U.S. Mexicans living and working in the U.S. paid $121 billion in taxes in 2021, the ambassador said. 

“Imposing a tax on these transfers would disproportionately affect those with the least, without accounting for their ability to pay,” Barragan wrote. “The workers referenced in this bill migrated out of necessity and now contribute substantially to the U.S. economy. We respectfully urge you to reconsider.” 

Representatives for the governments of El Salvador and Honduras didn’t reply to requests for comment on the tax proposal.

A trade group of digital payment firms — the Electronic Transactions Association — also urged lawmakers to rethink the proposal. The tax would affect unbanked populations who rely on cross-border transfers as lifelines and could force consumers to send money through unregulated channels, they wrote in a letter on May 8.  

“These services are not luxuries — they are essential tools for paying bills, supporting family members abroad and managing daily finances,” the group wrote. “A tax on remittances effectively penalizes those who can least afford it.” 

It’s not the first time Trump has taken aim at remittances. During his first term, his administration proposed a similar tax, but it was never implemented because of legal and technical difficulties to discriminate between trade-related and worker outflows, Barclays analysts Gabriel Casillas and Nestor Rodriguez wrote in a note on May 14.

Oklahoma is the sole state in the U.S. that has implemented a similar policy: a $5 fee on any wire transfer under $500 and 1% on any amount in excess of $500, passed in 2009. In the first year after it was put in place, the state brought in $5.7 million via the rule; that’s climbed to $13.2 million in the most recent fiscal year.

The renewed push for the tax, if approved, could lead to currency depreciations in countries like Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. But remittances have been resilient even amid recent threats like the COVID-19 pandemic and “such a tax would be a one-time hit rather than a structural change on remittances,” the Barclays analysts wrote.

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UK watchdog slammed EY’s NMC audit in early report, lawyers say

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The U.K.’s accounting watchdog gave a “scathing” and “highly critical” initial report of EY’s conduct in NMC Health Plc’s audit, lawyers for the collapsed hospital operator alleged in the £2 billion ($2.7 billion) trial.

The Financial Reporting Council’s provisional report found EY “demonstrated a complete lack of professional skepticism” and failed “to be alert to conditions that may have indicated possible fraud,” in its last audit of NMC Health for 2018, lawyers for NMC’s administrator, Alvarez & Marsal said in a court filing. 

“EY’s Audit of NMC was deficient in multiple respects. These failings are extremely serious,” the FRC’s provisional report concluded, according to court filings by NMC’s lawyers prepared for the lengthy civil trial.

Alvarez & Marsal sued EY in London alleging negligence and failure to spot billions in hidden debt between 2012 and 2018 when EY was the auditor. NMC was put into administration in 2020 following allegations of fraud at the health care provider. 

EY has “comprehensively challenged” NMC’s arguments around the report, its lawyers said in court filings. EY denies the allegations and said the claims were “unfounded.”

It is a provisional report that has not been made public until now. The FRC made clear at a pre-trial hearing that the report is not regarded as independent expert opinion, according to EY’s lawyers. “The ‘findings’ on which NMC appears to place such a store, and which EY rejects, are in fact inadmissible and should be disregarded.”

An FRC spokesperson didn’t respond to an email for comment on the status of its final report.

The collapse of NMC sparked a flurry of lawsuits and investigations in the U.K. and U.S. as different sides point the finger of blame. The U.K.’s markets watchdog previously censured the fallen Middle Eastern hospital operator, saying the once listed firm misled investors about its debt position by as much as $4 billion.

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