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Harvard wins reprieve, SALT stalls: Tax bill winners and losers

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U.S. businesses and wealthy universities scored major wins in the Senate Republicans’ version of President Donald Trump’s tax bill, while low-income Americans and clean energy providers are poised to be hit the hardest.

The Senate bill has already sparked backlash from various GOP factions and several provisions threaten the fragile coalition that squeaked the legislation through the House by a single vote last month. 

The legislation could still be altered before it heads to the Senate floor, where Trump can afford to lose no more than three Republicans. 

Here’s who’s winning and losing at this stage in the tax fight.

Winners

Manufacturers, banks

The Senate would make permanent three business tax deductions that the House bill would sunset after 2029. The tax breaks include the ability to use depreciation and amortization as the basis for interest expensing, the research and development write-off and a 100% bonus depreciation of certain property, including most machinery and factories. Banks could see a surge in lending as companies have more cash freed up to invest in projects.

Wealthy U.S. colleges

Private universities that have endowments of at least $2 million per pupil would pay an excise tax of 8%, a significant decrease from the devastating 21% rate that was included in the House proposal. That’s still up from the current tax of 1.4% but it’s a more survivable outcome for universities like Harvard, Yale, Princeton and MIT. 

Chipmakers

The Senate bill calls for increasing an investment credit for semiconductor manufacturers to 30%. That’s up from the previous credit of 25%, giving chipmakers more incentive to spend on new facilities. Major beneficiaries of the tax credit have included Intel Corp., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Samsung Electronics Co. and Micron Technology Inc.  

An employee gives utensils to customers at a restaurant in New York

Tipped workers

The Senate bill makes good on one of Trump’s campaign promises of no taxes on tips and overtime — to a point. Senators would cap the amount of tipped wages that can be exempt at $25,000 per individual and overtime at $12,500 per individual and $25,000 per couple. Those deductions start to phase out $150,000 in income per person.

Foreign investors

Senators plan to delay and scale back a duty on investors in foreign countries with tax regimes that the U.S. deems unfair. The provision, informally called a revenge tax because it targets countries that impose digital services levies, would be delayed until 2027 for calendar-year filers. It then raises the levy by 5 percentage points each year until it hits a 15% cap. 

Health insurers

The Senate abandoned an endeavor to cut costs in the Medicare Advantage program. The move will allow lawmakers to avoid backlash from trimming the popular health insurance program that is largely relied upon by retired Americans. It’s also good news for managed care companies which benefit from the program: Humana Inc. and UnitedHealth Group Inc.

Losers

Residents of high-tax states

Senators decided to put a placeholder state and local deduction cap of $10,000 in the draft bill, a drastic decrease from the $40,000 in the House-passed bill. The decision has already roiled House lawmakers from New York, New Jersey and California. Trump earlier told senators that he was open to lowering the SALT cap, according to a person familiar with the matter. 

Clean energy

Senators went along with House efforts to quickly phase out a Biden-era tax credit for wind and solar. The bill also would eventually end investment and production tax credits for other types of power, including hydropower and geothermal.

Electric vehicle makers

Electric vehicle makers, including Tesla Inc and General Motors Co., will be hurt by the end of a consumer tax credit of as much as $7,500 for the purchase of electric cars. Tax credits for commercial and used electric vehicles will also be eliminated.

Low-income Americans

Federal funding for Medicaid would be cut in the Senate bill, shrinking the program that provides health-care to over 70 million Americans, including the financially vulnerable and those with disabilities. The cuts are more aggressive than the proposals in the House version of the bill, as part of lawmakers’ efforts to find ways to pay for the package. 

Pass-through businesses

Owners or closely-held businesses, including partnerships and limited liability companies, had a widely-used deduction scaled back in the Senate version of the bill. The House draft called to increase a write-off for business income to 23% from the current 20%. The Senate plan just calls to preserve the 20% rate in the tax code. Advocates for the break say a bigger deduction is necessary to create parity between privately held businesses, which pay a top rate of 37%, and the 21% corporate rate.

Deficit hawks

The bill raises the debt ceiling by $5 trillion, an increase from $4 trillion in the House version. 

SNAP recipients

After mulling a scaleback of cuts to federal food aid for the poor, the Senate version makes cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as a way to help pay for the expensive spending package. The changes require state governments to cover more of the cost of federal food stamps received by their residents.

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Rich colleges would face lower tax hike under Senate tax bill

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Wealthy U.S. colleges scored a win on Monday with the release of Senate Republicans’ tax bill, which would institute a lower tax increase on endowments than what GOP House members have backed. 

Private universities with at least 500 students that have endowments of $2 million per pupil or more would pay an excise tax of 8% under the new bill released by the Senate Committee on Finance. The levy would be placed on net-investment income earned by the endowments. That’s much lower than the 21% rate that was included in the House proposal, which passed the chamber in May.

The endowment tax would raise revenue to offset President Donald Trump’s tax cuts and it would punish universities that are “woke,” in the words of the House tax-writing committee. The White House has frozen federal funding to a number of schools including the Ivy League’s Harvard, Princeton and Columbia. 

Under the new proposal, institutions with endowments of $750,000 to $1,999,999 per student would face a tax of just 4%. Under the House plan, colleges with endowments over $1.25 million per student but below $2 million would pay 14%. Colleges have warned that the House plan would be extremely costly for the schools and take away from financial aid provided to students. 

Religious schools would be exempt from the tax in both the House and Senate proposals. The current levy of 1.4% on the richest colleges was instituted as part of the 2017 Trump tax cuts.

Karin Johns, director of tax policy for the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, said the tax should be eliminated and not expanded.

“The tax remains purely punitive, unfairly impacts one sector of higher education, disincentivizes charitable giving, and siphons funds to the federal government used to support students and their families,” she said in an emailed statement. 

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Tax pro coalition urges Treasury to stabilize IRS amid layoffs

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A group of tax organizations, including the National Association of Tax Professionals, the National Association of Enrolled Agents, the National Society of Accountants and the National Society of Tax Professionals, has written a letter to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent urging him to preserve the core tax functions relied on by tax professionals despite cutbacks at the Internal Revenue Service.

In the letter, the groups voiced their concern over reports that over 11,400 IRS employees have left since February, including over 7,000 probationary terminations and 4,000 resignations under the Deferred Resignation Program. These departures amount to approximately 11% of the agency’s workforce and risk disrupting the delivery of vital services. Further cuts are expected later this year and next year as well, although in some cases the IRS has reinstated employees who were terminated amid conflicting court decisions and the demands for tax processing.

“The organizations joining this letter share a deep concern that the recent and ongoing workforce reductions at the IRS will inevitably affect the timely guidance, operational continuity, and practitioner support that the tax system depends on,” said NATP CEO Scott Artman in a statement. “While the full impact may not yet be felt in every area, we know from experience that gaps in communication and support can quickly become burdensome during periods of legislative change and complex filing seasons.” 

The coalition recommended the IRS ensure consistent, timely tax guidance and maintain clear, accessible communication channels for tax professionals, including up-to-date instructions, alerts and procedural tools. It also urged the IRS to accelerate its modernization efforts by investing in digital infrastructure, such as secure portals and automation, to sustain service levels as staffing shifts. The groups also asked the IRS to strengthen its engagement with the tax professional community, by formalizing channels for practitioner input, helping the IRS align field implementation with policy objectives. The NATP and the rest of the members of the coalition are asking Bessent for continued collaboration between the IRS and the tax pro community to ensure stable, effective taxpayer service during the transition period.

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Accounting

Tipalti buys Statement to add treasury automation capacities

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Payments platform Tipalti announced it has acquired Statement, an AI-powered treasury automation solution.

Tipalti provides a suite of finance automation solutions for accounts payable, global payouts, procurement, employee expenses, corporate cards, supplier management and tax compliance. With the acquisition of Statement, the platform now adds treasury functions to its capacities.

“I am excited to welcome Statement to the global Tipalti team and to accelerate our treasury capabilities with powerful AI innovation for finance teams around the world,” said Chen Amit, CEO and co-founder of Tipalti. “For many global businesses in today’s economy, getting complete and instant cash flow visibility across bank accounts, systems, entities and currencies is very complex. Together, we have a unique opportunity to evolve our customers’ treasury operations into a key business driver, empowering them to take control of their cash flow and maintain real-time visibility of their business finances. This addition to our finance automation suite furthers our mission to elevate how finance teams operate in the global economy.” 

Statement, which uses machine learning AI, automates and streamlines the manual processes of cash position visibility, cash flow forecasts and cash insights across many types of platforms, such as banks, ERPs, billing tools and databases.

For Tipalti customers, Statement Treasury is available immediately as a standalone solution. In the coming months, Tipalti plans to fully integrate Statement Treasury into its platform. Meanwhile, for Statement customers, nothing changes. They can keep using Statement with no disruption to access or functionality.

In a later email, Amit said that Statement will operate independently as a part of Tipalti while they build a thoughtful integration plan, for now. In the coming months, Tipalti plans to fully integrate Statement Treasury into Tipalti’s platform. 

Amit added that as part of the deal, Tipalti is taking on leadership and staff from Statement to retain access to their expertise.

“The Statement team brings decades of valuable experience to Tipalti. Their product design is AI-native, bringing both a valuable set of product capabilities and a team that has deep AI innovation expertise. They have reimagined legacy treasury operations for modern businesses and brought advanced functionality to mid-market businesses,” he said in the email. 

The deal was signed on June 16, 2025, and is expected to close shortly. Terms of the acquisition were not disclosed.

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