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Public Service Loan Forgiveness ‘Buyback’ has a 72,730-person backlog

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There’s a way for student borrowers pursuing Public Service Loan Forgiveness to get their debt wiped away sooner than they might have expected.

But that program, called PSLF Buyback, has been experiencing some challenges of late.

Chief among them: As of July 31, there’s a 72,730-person backlog of borrowers waiting to have the Department of Education process their applications, according to a new court filing. That’s up from 65,448 borrowers as of the end of June.

Some of the borrowers CNBC has spoken with have been waiting for half a year or more for answers. Others have only a few months’ payments to make.

PSLF, which President George W. Bush signed into law in 2007, allows certain not-for-profit and government employees to have their federal student loans canceled after 120 payments, or 10 years.

Here’s what borrowers need to know about PSLF Buyback.

What PSLF Buyback is

The Biden administration first offered PSLF Buyback in the summer of 2023.

The opportunity allows borrowers who’ve hit 120 months of qualifying public service employment to submit a request to the Education Department to retroactively pay for — or “buy back” — any months they missed because of a forbearance or deferment.

During those payment pauses, borrowers often don’t get credit toward PSLF.

How your buyback offer is calculated

After you’ve submitted your buyback request, the Education Dept. is supposed to send you an offer letter. That should include the number of monthly payments you missed during your public service history, and a chance to pay that bill now in exchange for student loan forgiveness.

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How the government calculates your missed monthly payments is complicated, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz. But it’s usually based on your bills before and after the period during which you weren’t making qualifying payments, Kantrowitz said.

Some people who had low incomes are eligible for zero-dollar payments, and they might not have to pay anything to get their debt cleared.

Once you get the offer letter, Kantrowitz said, “You must pay the amount to your loan servicer within 90 days.”

How to apply for PSLF Buyback

You can apply for the Buyback program through the PSLF Reconsideration portal on your Federal Student Aid account, said Nancy Nierman, assistant director of the Education Debt Consumer Assistance Program in New York.

Consumer advocates recommend keeping track of when you submitted your buyback request (you should receive a confirmation email) and your recorded number of qualifying PSLF payments, so far. That number should be accessible on your student loan account.

Challenges to buyback

Buyback applications have piled up under the Trump administration.

The latest court filing shows 72,730 PSLF buyback requests were pending with the government as of the end of July. The bottleneck has only worsened since June, when 65,448 applications were under review by the Trump administration. In May, the backlog was close to 59,000.

(The Education Dept. has regularly shared the data on pending buyback requests as part of a lawsuit the American Federation of Teachers filed against it. The teacher’s union alleges the agency is blocking borrowers from their rights.)

“The main issue with the PSLF Buyback program is that it is apparently a labor-intensive process to review these forms, and there isn’t a lot of resources dedicated to the program,” Nierman said.

“So it could take a very long time for borrowers to get a response.”

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Student loan borrowers — how will the end of the SAVE plan impact you? Tell us

The Buyback program became especially popular after courts blocked the Biden-era Saving on a Valuable Education, or SAVE, plan in the summer of 2024.

Millions of student loan borrowers who signed up for SAVE were automatically enrolled in a forbearance. Those borrowers found their progress towards PSLF frozen throughout the SAVE payment pause, even as they continued to work in eligible public service.

“The Department is working its way through this backlog while ensuring that borrowers have submitted the required 120 payments of qualifying employment,” said Ellen Keast, deputy press secretary at the Education Department.

‘No harm’ in applying

Despite the delays, “if you are eligible for the Buyback, there’s no harm in submitting the application,” Nierman said.

“But if you can afford payments in other repayment plans, don’t rely solely on the Buyback to get you to 120 qualifying payments, particularly if you only need a few months of credit to reach forgiveness,” she said.

Borrowers who overpay should get refunds

If you continue making payments on your loans after you’ve applied for a buyback offer, or if the Education Department finds you’ve made more than the required 120 qualifying payments for PSLF, you’re entitled to a refund from the government, Kantrowitz said.

He’s heard from people who’ve gotten one in this scenario.

How to complain

If you’re running into issues with your PSLF Buyback request, you can file a complaint with the Education Department’s feedback system at Studentaid.gov/feedback. Problems can also be reported to the Federal Student Aid’s Ombudsman, said Kantrowitz.

But after the Trump administration’s layoffs at the Education Department, “I think there are only one or two people answering complaints right now,” said Stephanie Sampedro, who used to work in the Federal Student Aid office at the agency. Sampedro was terminated in March.

“It might be more effective to complain to their congressmembers,” Sampedro said.

Jaylon Herbin, director of federal campaigns at the Center for Responsible Lending, recommended filing a complaint with your state attorney general’s consumer protection office and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

“Document everything,” Herbin added. “Keep records of payments, correspondences and account changes.”

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Personal Finance

Navigating Residential Real Estate and Mortgage Strategy

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The 2026 residential real estate market presents a nuanced landscape for homebuyers, current homeowners, and property investors. With benchmark mortgage rates adjusting alongside Treasury yield movements, real estate strategies require careful evaluation of borrowing costs, local market supply dynamics, and long-term home equity management.

Adapting Homebuying Strategies to Mortgage Dynamics
Prospective homebuyers are adapting to fixed 30-year mortgage rates hovering between 6.0% and 6.8%. While borrowing costs are elevated compared to historical lows seen in prior decades, moderating home price growth across several regional markets is creating selective opportunities for buyers with strong credit profiles.

Homebuyers are increasingly utilizing strategic mortgage options:
– Builder Rate Buydowns: Purchasing new construction homes where developers offer temporary or permanent interest rate buydowns to lower initial monthly payments.
– Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (ARMs): Selecting 5/1 or 7/1 hybrid ARMs with strict rate caps for short-to-medium-term housing plans.
– Points and Financing Structure: Evaluating upfront discount point purchases to secure lower fixed interest rates over the loan term.

Home Equity Utilization and Renovation Financing
For existing homeowners holding low-rate legacy mortgages, moving to a new property often entails relinquishing favorable debt terms. Consequently, many homeowners are choosing to renovate and expand existing properties rather than sell.

Home Equity Lines of Credit (HELOCs) and home equity loans allow homeowners to access accumulated property equity for capital improvements without disturbing their primary mortgage rate. Utilizing home equity for value-adding property renovations can enhance living space while increasing long-term property values.

Strategic Real Estate Investment Guidelines
For residential property investors, achieving positive cash flow requires strict underwriting standards:
– Stress-Test Operating Expenses: Factor in rising property insurance premiums, local property taxes, and ongoing maintenance reserves.
– Focus on High-Growth Rental Markets: Target regions experiencing steady job growth and sustained tenant demand.
– Maintain Cash Buffers: Ensure property portfolios maintain dedicated emergency reserves to navigate unexpected vacancy periods or major repairs.

Actionable Homeownership Steps
1. Evaluate Complete Monthly Housing Costs: Assess property taxes, homeowners insurance, and HOA fees alongside principal and interest.
2. Leverage Renovation Equity Carefully: Utilize equity loans strategically for renovations that generate long-term property value.
3. Prioritize Credit Score Optimization: Secure top-tier credit scores prior to mortgage pre-approval to qualify for competitive lender pricing tiers.

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$20,000 Caution Bond Requirement for US Visa Applications imposed on 50 Countries

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The United States Department of State has officially implemented a revised visa policy introducing a mandatory posting requirement for caution payments of up to $20,000 on select foreign travel applications. Under the updated regulatory framework, consular officials are authorized to require temporary nonimmigrant visa applicants from targeted foreign countries to post a refundable financial bond of $20,000 as a condition for visa issuance. The policy mechanism is designed to address diplomatic concerns regarding high overstay rates among temporary visitor, business, and educational visa categories.

The caution bond pilot program applies selectively to foreign nationals from designated countries whose diplomatic entities record historical visa overstay rates exceeding established federal thresholds. Under administrative guidelines published by the State Department, the full financial deposit is posted directly to a dedicated federal escrow account prior to final visa issuance. The entire caution payment is automatically refunded to the applicant upon verified proof of timely departure from the United States in strict compliance with the authorized duration of stay. Conversely, failure to depart within the legal timeframe results in full forfeiture of the posted financial bond to the United States government.

Diplomatic representatives and travel policy experts have expressed varying perspectives regarding the operational implementation of the caution bond system. Administration officials emphasize that the measure serves as an effective, market-based incentive to enforce international travel compliance and preserve domestic immigration security standards. However, international trade organizations and foreign diplomatic missions have raised concerns regarding the financial burden imposed on legitimate business travelers, foreign students, and commercial partners from developing nations.

The United States finalized the rule to make the temporary visa bond program permanent, taking effect on August 3, 2026. The updated permanent regulation replaces the prior 12-month pilot, eliminates the lowest $5,000 tier, and raises the maximum required bond amount to $20,000 for specific B-1/B-2 business and tourist visa applicants.

Here is the list of the 50 countries on the list as o August 3, 2026

African Nations (31 Countries)

  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Botswana
  • Burundi
  • Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)
  • Central African Republic
  • Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
  • Djibouti
  • Ethiopia
  • Gabon
  • The Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Lesotho
  • Malawi
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Nigeria
  • São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Senegal
  • Seychelles
  • Tanzania
  • Togo
  • Tunisia
  • Uganda
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Asian & Eastern European Nations (11 Countries)

  • Bangladesh
  • Bhutan
  • Cambodia
  • Georgia
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Mongolia
  • Nepal
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Tajikistan
  • Turkmenistan
  • Uzbekistan

Caribbean & Latin American Nations (5 Countries)

  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Cuba
  • Dominica
  • Grenada
  • Venezuela

Oceanian Nations (3 Countries)

  • Fiji
  • Tonga
  • Vanuatu

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Next-Generation Retirement Planning: Managing Longevity Risk and Variable Income Streams

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Retirement planning strategies are evolving in 2026 to address increased life expectancies, shifting dynamic market conditions, and the transition away from traditional defined-benefit pensions. Individual investors and financial advisors are abandoning rigid retirement models in favor of flexible, multi-asset strategies designed to mitigate longevity risk and preserve purchasing power over multi-decade retirement horizons.

Mitigating Longevity Risk with Dynamic Asset Allocation
As average life expectancies extend past eighty-five years, one of the primary financial risks facing retirees is outliving their accumulated wealth. Traditional fixed income allocations—such as the standard 60/40 equity-to-bond portfolio—are being reevaluated to ensure portfolios generate sufficient capital growth alongside reliable income.

Financial planners recommend maintaining a meaningful equity allocation throughout retirement to offset long-term inflation erosion. High-dividend equity funds, global real estate investment trusts (REITs), and inflation-indexed Treasuries are combined to create diversified portfolios that deliver both growth and income stability.

The Transition to Dynamic Withdrawal Strategies
The classic “4% safe withdrawal rule” is increasingly replaced by dynamic withdrawal strategies that adapt annually based on market performance. Under a dynamic withdrawal framework, retirees adjust their annual distribution rates within pre-set caps and floors:
– Market Upside: During strong market returns, retirees can increase discretionary spending or fund family legacy gifts.
– Market Downturns: During market pullbacks, spending distributions are temporarily reduced to prevent sequence-of-returns risk and preserve core investment principal.

Guaranteed Lifetime Income Options and Deferred Annuities
To establish a guaranteed baseline for essential living expenses, individuals are incorporating modern fixed-indexed and deferred longevity annuities into their broader retirement architectures. Modern annuity structures offer competitive return caps, transparent fee schedules, and inflation-adjustment options.

By funding essential expenses—such as housing, healthcare, and insurance—with guaranteed income streams from Social Security, pensions, and annuities, retirees can manage discretionary investment portfolios with greater flexibility and lower emotional stress during market volatility.

Actionable Steps for Future Retirees
1. Calculate Baseline Retirement Expenses: Determine fixed living costs and map guaranteed income sources to cover essential expenditures.
2. Adopt Flexible Withdrawal Rules: Implement dynamic spending rules to protect investment principal against market downturns.
3. Incorporate Inflation-Protected Assets: Maintain exposure to dividend-growing equities and inflation-indexed bonds to safeguard long-term purchasing power.

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