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Section 351 conversion ETFs promote investment tax strategy

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Clients with diversified yet heavily appreciated stocks could more effectively defer capital gains and avoid the tax hit of dividends by converting them into a newly burgeoning type of ETF.

Transferring the varied holdings into an ETF with a similar basket of investments based on the rules of Section 351 of the Internal Revenue Code enables what is known as an “in-kind” exchange of assets. The approach has existed for nearly a century, but a raft of new ETFs — starting with the launch last month of the Cambria Tax Aware ETF (ticker: TAX) — reflect how financial technology is applying it on a mass scale, according to Mebane “Meb” Faber, co-founder and chief investment officer of Cambria Investment Management. The quantitative management and alternative investments firm collaborated with ETF tax and operational advisory firm ETF Architect on the Dec. 18 start of TAX.

READ MORE: IRS silence allows investors to exploit ETF loophole, study finds

Appreciated stock portfolios — especially those using increasingly popular forms of direct indexing — can often get “stuck” in limbo with their rising values and the potential for realizing taxable capital gains, Faber said. Financial advisors could think of the Section 351 transfer as a 1031 like-kind exchange that is for stocks rather than other kinds of assets. Even though the tax law provision has existed for a long time, some “99.9% of people” that Cambria spoke with in several hundreds of calls last quarter hadn’t heard of Section 351 transfers, according to Faber. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s 2020 ETF Rule cleared the way for software and other technology powering new products that focus on the tax impact of asset location.

“These are all ideas and strategies that are going to get developed more over the next five years,” Faber said. “You’re going to see an enormous amount of interest in this in the next six months as people kind of get it and shift.”

‘Kind of a big deal’: How Section 351 ETFs work

The TAX ETF and other funds coming to market soon represent “a very investor-friendly trend” toward returns with less risk at a lower cost, according Brent Sullivan, a consultant on taxable investing product marketing and development to sub-advisory and ETF firms. Sullivan writes the Tax Alpha Insider blog, where he’s tracking a half dozen new or pending funds from Cambria and three other sponsors pitching the Section 351 transfer strategy. Sullivan has been following the launch of TAX closely for several months, and he wrote in a “28 Days Later” dispatch earlier this month with samples from his upcoming “memezine” explaining Section 351 conversions to advisors. (“I hate white papers,” Sullivan wrote. “They feel like homework. So, I wrote and illustrated an adviser’s guide to seeding ETFs in-kind using some words, but mostly memes.”)

READ MORE: The 10 best- and worst-performing ETFs of 2024

Section 351 exchanges revolve around the idea of moving “disaggregated assets into an aggregated fund that can achieve lower cost and also better tax deferral” without booking any capital gains, he said. They could be beneficial to, for example, clients in “separately managed accounts that are way above cost basis so they can’t do tax loss-harvesting anymore,” according to Sullivan. In effect, stock assets in a status informally known as “locked” due to their potential tax burdens flow into a diversified ETF.     

“It removes tax friction from the reallocation decision. It makes assets less sticky, and, in general, that’s good,” Sullivan said. “It’s kind of a big deal, and advisors are the ones who are going to be needing to vet these products, because oftentimes they don’t come with a track record.”

Just over a month after its inception, the TAX ETF has attracted $32.5 million of net assets. It carries an expense ratio of 0.49% and the requirements that no single positions in an incoming portfolio comprise more than 25% of the holdings and any that are over 5% add up to less than 50%. Cambria intends to open two more funds that use Section 351 conversions this year, with an ETF using the ticker “ENDW” that “tracks an endowment-style allocation” across global holdings at the end of the first quarter and another targeting global equities at the end of the second, according to Faber. Advisors have likely grown familiar with the fact that mutual funds are converting to ETFs, he noted. Section 351 transfers could drive more assets to ETFs.  

“We knew there was going to be some demand for this idea and topic, and it was 10 times what we expected,” Faber said. “If you’re a taxable investor, particularly a high-tax investor, the last thing you want is dividends, because you’re paying taxes on those every year.”

READ MORE: 10 key investment strategy stories of 2024

The new ETFs are giving more advisors and their clients the opportunity to use a tactic that was previously only available to the wealthiest households, according to Sullivan.

“Meb is doing this all out in the open,” Sullivan said. “Normally this is only offered to family offices and in really one-on-one, behind-the-scenes sales. The public appeal is specifically what’s new about this moment.”

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PwC AI agent acts proactively to preserve value

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Big Four firm PwC announced new agentic AI capacities, including a model that proactively identifies areas of value leakage and acts inside the tools teams already use to fix them itself. 

The new solution, Agent Powered Performance, combines continuous AI-driven insight with embedded execution to address the problem of businesses only finding problems when they have already hurt performance. By actively monitoring and working inside the client’s existing systems, though, PwC’s agents can actively and autonomously address such issues. 

The software, which is supported by PwC’s recently released Agent OS coordination platform, is  embedded in enterprise systems to sense where value is leaking, think through the most effective performance strategies using predictive models and industry benchmarks, and act directly in tools like ERP or CRM software to make improvements stick. 

The system connects directly into ERP environments, continuously monitors key metrics, and acts inside the tools teams already use. For example, a supply chain agent might detect rising shipping costs and automatically reroute deliveries to reduce spend. Finance agents can spot and correct billing errors before they reach the customer. Clients typically see measurable efficiency gains in the first quarter, with continued improvements over time as the system learns and adapts.

“Too many transformations still rely on one-off pilots and stale data, stretching the gap from insight to impact and suffocating ROI,” said Saurabh Sarbaliya, PwC’s principal for enterprise strategy and value. “Agent Powered Performance flips the economics by distilling PwC’s industry transformation playbooks into AI agents that turn static insights into compounding gains, without rebooting each time.”

Agent Powered Performance is platform-agnostic and built on an open architecture so it can work across different LLMs based on client preferences and task-specific needs. It works with major enterprise platforms including Oracle, SAP, Workday and Guidewire.

Agent OS Model Context Protocol

PwC also announced that its Agent OS AI coordination platform now supports the Model Context Protocol, an open standard from Amazon-backed AI company Anthropic. 

By integrating this standard, agent systems registered as MCP servers can be used by any authorized AI agent. This reduces redundant integration work and the overhead of writing custom logic for each new use case. By standardizing how agents invoke tools and handle responses, MCP also simplifies the interface between agents and enterprise systems, which will serve to reduce development time, lower testing complexity, and cut deployment risk. Finally, any interaction between an agent and an MCP server is authenticated, authorized and logged, and access policies are enforced at the protocol level, which means that compliance and control are native to the system—not layered on after the fact. 

This means that agents are no longer siloed. Instead, they can operate as part of a coordinated, governed system that can grow as needs evolve, as MCP support provides the interface to external tools and systems. This enables organizations to move beyond isolated pilots toward integrated systems where agents don’t just reason, but act inside real business workflows. It marks a shift from experimentation to adoption, from isolated tools to scalable, governed intelligence.

Research Composer

Finally, a PwC spokesperson said the firm has also launched a new internal tool for its professionals called Research Composer, a patent-pending AI research agent embedded in the firm’s ChatPwC suite, designed to accelerate insight generation by combining web data with PwC-uploaded content. 

Professionals will use the Research Composer to produce in-depth, citation-backed reports for either the firm or its clients. The solution is intended to enhance the quality of client work by equipping teams with research and strategic analysis capabilities. 

The AI agent prompts users through a step-by-step research workflow, allowing them to shape how reports are packaged—tailoring the output to meet strategic needs. For example, a manager in advisory services might use Research Composer to evaluate white space opportunities across industries or geographies, drawing from internal reports and up-to-date market data.

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Accounting

Eide Bailly merges in Traner Smith

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Eide Bailly, a Top 25 Firm based in Fargo, North Dakota, is growing its presence in the Pacific Northwest by adding Traner Smith, based in Edmonds, Washington, effective June 2, 2025. 

Traner Smith’s team includes two partners and 16 staff members and specializes in tax compliance and advisory services. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Eide Bailly ranked No. 19 on Accounting Today‘s 2025 list of the Top 100 Firms, with $704.98 million in annual revenue, approximately 387 partners and over 3,500 employees. 

Eide Bailly already has offices in Seattle, but hopes to grow further in the Pacific Northwest. “We’re pleased to welcome the talented team at Traner Smith to Eide Bailly,” said Eide Bailly managing partner and CEO Jeremy Hauk in a statement Monday. “Their expertise with high-net-worth individuals, real estate and privately held businesses aligns well with our strengths, and their client-centric approach is a perfect cultural fit. Having an office in Edmonds, Washington, is a great complement to our existing presence in Seattle. Together, we’re poised to deliver even greater value to families and businesses in the Seattle metro area.” 

“Joining Eide Bailly is a natural next step for us — it provides access to deeper technical resources in areas like state and local tax, national tax, succession planning and international tax while allowing us to continue the personalized service our clients value,” said Kevin Smith, a partner at Traner Smith, in a statement. 

“With this expanded support and platform, we’re excited to grow our reach, elevate what we do best, and help more clients than ever before,” said Shane Summer, another partner at Traner Smith, in a statement.

Eide Bailly has announced several other mergers in recent weeks. Earlier this month, it added Hamilton Tharp, a firm based in Solana Beach, California, and Roycon, a Salesforce consulting firm in Austin, Texas. In late April, it merged in Volpe Brown & Co., in North Canton, Ohio. Eide Bailly expanded to Ohio last year by merging in Apple Growth Partners. Last year, Eide Bailly also sold its wealth management practice to Sequoia Financial Group. The deal with Sequoia appears to be fueling the recent M&A activity. As part of the deal, Eide Bailly Advisors became part of Sequoia Financial, while Eide Bailly received an equity investment in Sequoia.

In 2023, Eide Bailly added Secore & Niedzialek PC in Phoenix, Raimondo Pettit Group in Southern California, Bessolo Haworth in California and Washington State, Spectrum Health Partners in Franklin, Tennessee, and King & Oliason in Seattle. In 2022, it merged in Seim Johnson in Omaha, Nebraska, and in 2021, PWB CPAs & Advisors in Minnesota. In 2020, it added Mukai, Greenlee & Co. in Phoenix, HMWC CPAs in Tustin, California, and Platinum Consulting in Fullerton.

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Accounting

BMSS announces investment, collaboration with Knuula

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Top 100 firm BMSS announced an investment in Knuula, an engagement letter and client documents software provider. The investment from BMSS came after successfully implementing Knuula over the past year to streamline its engagement letter process. It was after doing so that the firm’s leadership came to believe that Knuula could create complex client documents at an enormous scale, which was a huge need for the broader accounting industry. BMSS thought this presented a great opportunity to guide Knuula and help facilitate its growth. 

“We began working with Knuula in Spring 2024 to streamline our engagement letter process,” said Don Murphy, Managing Member of BMSS. “It quickly became clear that Knuula was not only a strong solution for us, but also an ideal partner in advancing industry-wide automation.”

While the specific terms of the deal were not disclosed, a spokesperson with Knuula said that, after this investment, BMSS and a collection of 21 of their partners now own 13% of the company. The investment represents not some passive revenue deal but an active collaboration between the two companies, with the spokesperson saying they will be working closely together on things like product development, new features, improvements, and networking.

The deal comes about a year after Knuula integrated with QuickFee, a receivables management platform for professional service providers, which allowed users to have engagement letters directly connecting to their QuickFee billing platform, tying the execution of the letter directly to the billing process. 

“We’ve long sought to partner with a firm focused on strategic innovation in the accounting space,” said Jamie Peebles, founder of Knuula. “To develop a perfect solution for large firms, it is ideal to have a partner that is willing to work closely together and iterate quickly. This requires constant feedback between our two teams. The IT team from BMSS worked with our development team constantly and helped us iterate rapidly. We also had consistent input from partners, manager, and administrative staff to help us make valuable changes to Knuula. BMSS was a perfect partner for us.”

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