It’s no secret that Social Security faces a long-term financing gap.

If nothing is done by 2035, 83% of combined benefits will be payable if Congress does not act sooner to prevent that shortfall, according the latest projections from the program’s trustees.

What’s more, new legislation, the Social Security Fairness Act — which increases benefits for more than 3 million workers who also receive public pensions — is expected to move that depletion date six months sooner.

A new survey asked more than 2,200 Americans — most of who expect Social Security to be an important part of their monthly retirement income — how they would solve the problem.

Most respondents, 85%, said they would prefer benefits remain the same or are even increased — even if that means raising taxes for some or all Americans, according to the survey from the National Academy of Social Insurance, AARP, the National Institute on Retirement Security and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce in collaboration with Greenwald Research.

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“They’re willing to pay more, not to get extra benefits for themselves, but just to close the financing gap to prevent indiscriminate across the board benefit cuts,” said Tyler Bond, research director for the National Institute on Retirement Security.

Meanwhile, 15% of respondents said they would prefer tax rates not increase, even if that means benefits are reduced.

For 2025, employees and employers pay taxes toward the program on up to $176,100 in earnings. Once high earners hit that cap, they stop contributing Social Security payroll taxes for the year.

The change would reapply payroll taxes starting at $400,000 in earnings. Individuals affected would not receive additional benefits.

A second policy option that was nearly as popular was raising the payroll tax rate. Currently, employees and employers each pay 6.2% toward Social Security. The change would raise that to 7.2%.

Other changes favored by respondents aim to make benefits more generous by adjusting the annual cost-of-living adjustment to more accurately reflect the spending habits and inflation affecting older Americans; providing a caregiver credit for people who stop working to take care of children under age 6; and providing a bridge benefit to workers in physically demanding jobs to help soften cuts for claiming early.

The least popular change was to reduce benefits for people with higher incomes. That would affect individuals with $60,000 or more in annual retirement income excluding Social Security, and married couples with $120,000 or more.

Taken together, the changes would close Social Security’s funding gap and result in a minor 1% surplus, according to NIRS’ Bond.

Notably, other changes that have been suggested elsewhere — raising the retirement age, across-the-board benefit increases and changing taxation of benefits — were not selected by the survey respondents.

People who use a credit card to cover an emergency expense are solving only part of the problem.

Why? Because while using a credit card for emergencies can be helpful in the short term, carrying a balance can lead to significant interest charges if not paid off quickly. 

About 25% of respondents said they would use a credit card to pay for an emergency expense and pay off the card balance over time, according to a new report by Bankrate. That is up from 21% in 2024.

The site polled 1,039 adults in early December.

Paying off unexpected expenses with credit should be “a last resort,” said certified financial planner Clifford Cornell, an associate financial advisor at Bone Fide Wealth in New York City.

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If you don’t pay the balance off, you’re faced with high-interest rate debt. The average annual percentage rate for credit cards is now about 20%, according to Bankrate data.

Let’s say your home water heater breaks — a repair that costs $600 on average, per SoFi. If you put that cost on a credit card with a 20% interest rate, you will pay about $10 in interest if you can’t zero out the balance after a month, according to a Bankrate calculator.

Make only the minimum payments toward that debt, and it will take you more than five years to pay it off, Bankrate estimates. That means you’ll pay nearly $400 in interest.

“Using your credit card to pay for ’emergency expenses’ is just incredibly expensive,” CFP Lee Baker, founder, owner and president of Claris Financial Advisors in Atlanta. He’s also a member of CNBC’s Financial Advisor Council.

Imagine you’re paying this debt off and a new emergency comes up, compounding the problem: “While the timing of these instances can be uncertain, the inevitability of them is not,” said Mark Hamrick, a senior economic analyst at Bankrate.

In fact, the same Bankrate report found that only 28% of Gen Z adults — or those of ages 18 to 28 — can pay for a $1,000 surprise expense in cash.

Instead, the group is more likely to pay an unexpected cost with a credit card and pay it off over time.

About 27% of Gen Z adults will finance an emergency on a credit card, compared with 25% of millennials, or adults ages 29 to 44, according to Bankrate data provided to CNBC. 

To compare, 25% of Gen X — adults ages 45 to 60 — would pay for an unexpected cost with a credit card while 21% of baby boomers — those ages 61 to 79 — would do the same. 

Experts urge individuals to create an emergency fund, whether that means putting away even a small amount in a separate account every month. 

Advisors suggest that people should aim for three to six months’ worth of living expenses in case you have big unexpected expense, suffer from a job loss or face major medical bills. But saving that much money “can be a very daunting task,” Baker said.

Instead, “think of it like a ladder” and break it down into smaller, achievable goals to gain momentum, he said.

In the end, “having that cash reserve will really provide a lot of peace of mind,” Cornell said.

The Federal Reserve announced Wednesday it will leave interest rates unchanged as inflation continues to run above the Fed’s 2% mandate.

The move comes after the central bank cut its benchmark interest rate by a full percentage point last year and in the wake of President Donald Trump‘s comment during his first week back in office that he’ll “demand that interest rates drop immediately.”

The latest CNBC Fed Survey showed expectations for only two rate cuts later in the year, the same number penciled in by Federal Reserve officials in their recent forecasts.

“While inflation concerns have significantly abated, they still remain,” said Michele Raneri, vice president and head of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion. “As a result, it is quite possible that there will be fewer rate cuts over the course of next year than anticipated only a few months ago.”

For consumers struggling under the weight of high prices and high borrowing costs, that means there will be little relief to come. It also means Trump may further challenge the Fed’s independence.

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Inflation has been an ongoing issue since the pandemic, when price increases soared to their highest levels since the early 1980s. The Fed responded with a series of interest rate hikes that took its benchmark rate to its highest level in more than 22 years.

On the campaign trail, Trump said inflation and high interest rates are “destroying our country.”

The federal funds rate, which is set by the U.S. central bank, is the rate at which banks borrow and lend to one another overnight. Although that’s not the rate consumers pay, the Fed’s moves still affect the borrowing and savings rates they see every day.

The spike in interest rates caused most consumer borrowing costs to skyrocket, putting many households under pressure.

Even though the central bank has already started cutting its benchmark rate and more rate cuts are on the horizon, consumers won’t see their borrowing costs come down significantly, according to Greg McBride, Bankrate’s chief financial analyst.

“The rate cuts are not going to be big enough or often enough to do the heaving lifting for you,” he said.

From credit cards and mortgage rates to auto loans and savings accounts, here’s a look at where those rates could go in 2025.

Since most credit cards have a variable rate, there’s a direct connection to the Fed’s benchmark. In the wake of the rate hike cycle, the average credit card rate rose from 16.34% in March 2022 to more than 20% today — near an all-time high.

Annual percentage rates will continue to come down as the central bank reduces rates, but they are only easing off extremely high levels. With only a few potential quarter-point cuts on deck, APRs aren’t likely to fall much, according to Matt Schulz, chief credit analyst at LendingTree.

“Anyone hoping for the Fed to ride in as the cavalry and rescue you from high interest rates anytime soon is going to be really disappointed,” he said.

Try consolidating and paying off high-interest credit cards with a lower-interest personal loan or switching to an interest-free balance transfer credit card, Schulz advised: “A 0% balance transfer credit card can be an absolute lifesaver.”

The average rate for a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage is now just above 7%, according to Bankrate.

Going forward, McBride expects mortgage rates to “spend most of the year in the 6% range,” he said. But since most people have fixed-rate mortgages, their rate won’t change unless they refinance or sell their current home and buy another property. 

Even though auto loans are fixed, payments are getting bigger and less affordable because car prices have been rising along with the interest rates on new loans.

The average rate on a five-year new car loan is 5.3%, according to January data from Edmunds compiled for CNBC.

“With the Fed signaling that any rate cuts in 2025 will be gradual, affordability challenges are likely to persist for most new vehicle buyers,” said Joseph Yoon, Edmunds’ consumer insights analyst.

“The average transaction price of a new vehicle remains near $50,000, driving average loan amounts to record highs,” he said. “Although further rate cuts in 2025 could provide some relief, the continued upward trend in new vehicle pricing makes it difficult to anticipate significant improvements in affordability for consumers in the new year.”  

Federal student loan rates are also fixed, so most borrowers aren’t immediately affected by any Fed moves.

However, undergraduate students who took out direct federal student loans for the 2024-25 academic year are paying 6.53%, up from 5.50% in 2023-24. Interest rates for the upcoming school year will be based in part on the May auction of the 10-year Treasury note.

Private student loans tend to have a variable rate tied to the prime, Treasury bill or another rate index, which means those borrowers are typically paying more in interest. How much more, however, varies with the benchmark.

In recent years, top-yielding online savings accounts have offered the best returns in over a decade and still pay nearly 5%.

“While the Fed putting the brakes on interest rate cuts stinks for those with debt, it is welcome news for savers,” Schulz said. “That means that it is still a really opportune time to shop for a high-yield savings account. Sure, you’ve missed out on the peak, but there are still plenty of good returns to be found.”

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