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U.S. Sales Tax Rate Changes Reach 10-Year High

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By Michael Bernard.

The domestic sales tax landscape in the United States has been in a constant state of flux over the last decade. Myriad circumstances including a lagging economy, restrictions around COVID-19, shrinking sales tax bases and reductions in federal aid for state and local governments have all led to 2023 seeing a 10-year high for sales tax rate changes.

In fact, the 2023 Vertex End-of-Year Sales Tax Rates and Rules report shows that a total of 444 sales tax rate changes took place across all U.S. state and local jurisdictions. Beyond that, the total number of rate changes as well as new sales taxes across all jurisdictions — 676 in 2023 — is second only to the 724 combined changes and new sales taxes that occurred in 2017. The 2023 number is also roughly 17% higher than the combined total for 2022, showing that this trend will likely continue into 2024.

But the numbers only tell part of the story. A closer look shows that several trends emerged and contributed to the volatility and complexity of tracking and complying with indirect taxes in 2023.

Companies faced a barrage of district-level rate changes. Generally, around 100 new district taxes are enacted each year to fund fire protection, emergency services, hospitals and other services. As all of these new district taxes continue to accumulate, more and more tax jurisdictions are recalibrating their tax rates. In 2023, the number of rate changes jumped to 173, up threefold from 63 rate changes in 2022. Thankfully for taxpayers, many of those changes were decreases, but that doesn’t make those changes any less complex for tax teams tracking this information for compliance purposes.

Rate increases outnumbered decreases in cities and counties. Of the 76 sales tax rate changes that took place at the county level, 52 were rate increases and only 24 consisted of decreases — a nearly 2:1 ratio. At the city level, sales tax rate increases — 158 — outnumbered decreases — 35 — by almost 5:1.

States continue to issue new fees, exemptions and tax holidays. State and local jurisdictions continue to implement more fees, including everything from environmental “green fees” and retail delivery service fees to fees on transactions within airport and entertainment or dining districts. While these are not technically sales taxes per se, they pose similar challenges to indirect tax teams. In 2023, several states including Maryland and Pennsylvania implemented new green fees; Ohio, Tennessee, and Florida deployed new sales tax exemptions or updated their existing exemptions; and Minnesota brought on new delivery fees.

Since 2014, an average of 372 sales and use tax rate changes have occurred annually. But if you look deeper, you’ll see that the rate change increase most recently has been driven solely by districts. State sales tax rates have held steady or decreased slightly in the past several years, while the number of new district taxes has ranged from 115 to a staggering 237 in the past decade.

What does all of this mean for 2024? The short version is more of the same. However, the factors driving increases in new sales taxes and rate changes will evolve.

Current state fiscal conditions appear unsustainable. State and local fund reserves have been full in recent years due to pandemic-related federal relief. While this is positive news, there are signs that show the situation could change. With a shrinking sales tax base, widespread cuts to other funding sources (income taxes and property taxes), dwindling federal pandemic aid and the growing use of sales tax holidays, states will need to increase sales tax rates, implement new fees and extend sales taxes to new areas.

Sales taxes on services don’t seem likely for 2024. Despite half of U.S. gross domestic product being generated by services (both professional and personal), states have encountered incredible hurdles in attempting to tax those services. Not only is it a significant administrative lift — new regulations must be drafted, more auditors need to be trained and processes must be overhauled.

It’s clear that tax departments will need to be nimble once again in 2024, adjusting to the situations outlined above along with other developments including legislative and regulatory changes.

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Michael Bernard is Chief Tax Officer at Vertex, Inc.

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RightTool Wins 2024 Accountant Bracket Challenge

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QuickBooks automation tool RightTool is the champion of the 2024 Accountant Bracket Challenge, presented by Accounting High, as the 3 seed defeated 1 seed CPA Jason Staats, host of the Jason Daily podcast, by a score of 355 votes to 110 votes in the final.

“To everybody in the RightTool Facebook community and all the RightTool users, all of you came together and helped us get the most votes, so I wanted to thank you guys for being the best community in the industry, in my opinion,” said Hector Garcia, CPA, co-founder of RightTool, during the championship final show, which was streamed by Accounting High on YouTube and LinkedIn earlier this afternoon.

RightTool joins accounting and bookkeeping app Uncat as winners of the ABC Tournament. In the inaugural Accountant Bracket Challenge last year, Uncat defeated Staats 339-190 in the championship match.

“I think what we’ve learned is … machines win,” Staats said about his consecutive losses in the tournament final. “We thought that would be down the road, but it’s happening.”

A grand total of 36,831 votes were cast during the three-week tournament.

“This has been so much fun. It only works if other people participate and pay attention and have fun, so thank you to the 1,806 ‘students’ who participated,” said Scott Scarano, an accounting firm owner who founded Accounting High, a community for forward-thinking accountants.

He added that the tournament will return next year, with some tweaks to make it better.

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Tesla to Launch RoboTaxi on August 8

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Dana Hull
Bloomberg News
(TNS)

Tesla Inc. plans to unveil its long-promised robotaxi later this year as the electric carmaker struggles with weak sales and competition from cheap Chinese EVs.

Chief Executive Officer Elon Musk posted Friday on X, his social media site, that Tesla’s robotaxi will be unveiled on Aug. 8.

Shares gained as much as 5.1% in postmarket trading in New York. Tesla’s stock has fallen 34% this year through Friday’s close. Shortly before Musk posted the news about the robotaxi, he lost the title of third-richest person in the works to Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Meta Platforms Inc.

A fully autonomous vehicle, pitched to investors in 2019, has long been key to Tesla’s lofty valuation. In recent weeks, Tesla has rolled out the latest version of the driver-assistance software that it markets as FSD, or Full Self-Driving, to consumers.

The company has said that its next-generation vehicle platform will include both a cheaper car and a dedicated robotaxi. Though the company has teased both, it has yet to unveil prototypes of either. Musk’s Friday tweet indicates that the robotaxi is taking priority over the cheaper car, though both will be designed on the same platform.

Reuters reported earlier Friday that the carmaker had called off plans for the less-expensive vehicle and was shifting more resources toward trying to bring a robotaxi to market. Musk responded by saying “Reuters is lying,” without offering specifics.

Tesla also produced 46,561 more vehicles than it delivered in the first quarter, which has forced it to slash prices. U.S. consumers have been turning away from more expensive EVs in favor of hybrid models, causing many manufacturers to rethink pushes to electrify their fleets.

Splashy product announcements by Musk have always been a key part of Tesla’s ability to gin up enthusiasm among customers and investors without spending on traditional advertising. They don’t always work: the company unveiled the Cybertruck to enormous fanfare in November 2019, but production was delayed for years and the ramp up of that vehicle has been slow.

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(With assistance from Catherine Larkin.)

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Retail Sales and Wages Grew in March

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Retail sales grew at a steady pace in March, according to the CNBC/NRF Retail Monitor, powered by Affinity Solutions, released today by the National Retail Federation.

“As inflation for goods levels off, March’s data demonstrates steady spending by value-focused consumers who continue to benefit from a strong labor market and real wage gains,” NRF President and CEO Matthew Shay said. “In this highly competitive market, retailers are having to keep prices as low as possible to meet the demand of consumers looking to stretch their family budgets.”

Total retail sales, excluding automobiles and gasoline, were up 0.36% seasonally adjusted month over month and up 2.72% unadjusted year over year in March, according to the Retail Monitor. That compared with increases of 0.4% month over month and 2.7% year over year in February, based on the first 28 days in February.

The Retail Monitor calculation of core retail sales – excluding restaurants in addition to automobiles and gasoline – was up 0.23% month over month and up 2.92% year over year in March. That compared with increases of 0.27% month over month and 2.99% year over year in February, based on the first 28 days in February.

For the first quarter, total retail sales were up 2.65% year over year and core sales were up 3.12%.

This is the sixth month that the Retail Monitor, which was launched in November, has provided data on monthly retail sales. Unlike survey-based numbers collected by the Census Bureau, the Retail Monitor uses actual, anonymized credit and debit card purchase data compiled by Affinity Solutions and does not need to be revised monthly or annually.

March sales were up in six out of nine retail categories on a yearly basis, led by online sales, sporting goods stores and health and personal care stores, and up in five categories on a monthly basis. Specifics from key sectors include:

  • Online and other non-store sales were up 2.48% month over month seasonally adjusted and up 15.47% year over year unadjusted.
  • Sporting goods, hobby, music and book stores were up 0.86% month over month seasonally adjusted and up 8.33% year over year unadjusted.
  • Health and personal care stores were up 0.03% month over month seasonally adjusted and up 4.5% year over year unadjusted.
  • Grocery and beverage stores were up 1.17% month over month and up 4.22% year over year unadjusted.
  • General merchandise stores were up 0.13% month over month seasonally adjusted and up 3.38% year over year unadjusted.
  • Clothing and accessories stores were down 0.01% month over month and up 2.13% year over year unadjusted.
  • Building and garden supply stores were down 2.13% month over month and down 3.97% year over year unadjusted.
  • Furniture and home furnishings stores were down 1.46% month over month seasonally adjusted and down 5.28% year over year unadjusted.
  • Electronics and appliance stores were down 2.27% month over month seasonally adjusted and down 5.92% year over year unadjusted.

To learn more, visit nrf.com/nrf/cnbc-retail-monitor.

As the leading authority and voice for the retail industry, NRF provides data on retail sales each month and also forecasts annual retail sales and spending for key periods such as the holiday season each year.

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