Finance
Will October’s inflation increase slow the pace of interest rate cuts?
Housing costs remain a major factor in inflation. (iStock)
Inflation increased to 2.6% in October, rising modestly from the previous month, according to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
In October, inflation was above the annual inflation rate of 2.4% in September, and it increased 0.2% on a monthly basis, according to BLS. The cost of housing was the most significant contributor to the monthly increase in October, accounting for over half of the rise of the monthly all-items index. The price of food also increased by 0.2% in October. Energy prices remained unchanged after dropping 1.9% in the previous months. These lower prices are helping to bring down the overall cost of goods and services, offsetting increases in other parts of the economy.
If the pace of price increases continues to mount, it may influence the Federal Reserve’s pace of interest rate cuts. Last week, the Fed announced a highly anticipated quarter of a percentage point cut, lowering interest rates to between 4.5% and 4.75%. However, inflation has moderated substantially over the last two years, from a peak of 7% to 2.6%. Fed Chair Jerome Powell said the Fed remains committed to maintaining the U.S. economy’s strength by supporting maximum employment and returning inflation to its 2% goal.
“Markets have dialed back expectations for another cut and are currently pricing in somewhat lower ~60% odds of that outcome,” Realtor.com Chief Economist Danielle Hale said. “The November jobs report, due out in early December, is likely to be an important input in that decision alongside the latest inflation reading.”
For now, moderate inflation and the Fed’s dialing back of interest rates are likely to give consumers space to spend as the holiday season approaches, according to Gabe Abshire, CEO of Move Concierge.
“The average American consumer is still feeling the pinch of inflation, but not to the same extent as last year when it greatly hampered monthly household spending,” Abshire said. “As we move into the holiday spending season, we anticipate strong retail sales and a slow winter homebuying season.”
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Rate cut pace may slow
Bringing inflation down to the 2% target rate is likely to be the biggest challenge, according to Jim Baird, chief investment officer with Plante Moran Financial Advisors. Baird said that adding to the challenge may be how President-elect Donald Trump’s administration’s trade and fiscal policy plays out and the slow pace of cooling in the cost of housing and other services. These factors combined could lead to some volatility in inflation.
While it’s unlikely that the Fed would reverse course on its interest rate cuts, they could slow down the timing and pace of rate cuts next year. The Fed said in September it anticipated that if the economy evolves as expected, the Fed could dial back the federal funds rate to 4.4% at the end of this year and 3.4% by the end of 2025.
“With consecutive rate cuts now in the Fed’s back pocket, there is a broad sense that officials can view further easing through a more critical lens, particularly given the sustained positive momentum in GDP growth,” Baird said. “The economy has continued to grow at a solid pace, lifted by a resurgence in consumption, raising doubts about the ability of or need for short-term rates to be slashed as aggressively as the Fed’s projections have suggested.”
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Car insurance prices ease
Car insurance decreased 0.1% in October and the rate of annual increase slowed for a sixth straight month, according to today’s CPI report. That should be welcome news for drivers who have seen insurance costs soar over the last two years.
Insurance costs are still high, but the signs are there that the worst may be over, according to Josh Damico, vice president for insurance operations at Jerry. Damico said that claims-related costs that have driven insurers’ rate increases have stalled or fallen in recent months. Used car prices are down 18% from their peak in early 2022, while motor vehicle parts and equipment rose only 2.3% annually in October after flatlining for most of 2024.
“With claims-related cost pressures easing, many insurers are pausing rate hikes while others are unwinding some of their recent increases,” Damico said. “The rise in repair costs is a bit concerning, but the carriers feel good about vehicle prices and are looking to sell more policies.”
If you want to save money on your car costs, you could consider changing your auto insurance provider to get a lower monthly rate. Visit Credible to shop around and find your personalized premium.
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Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, testifies during the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee hearing titled Annual Oversight of Wall Street Firms, in the Hart Building on Dec. 6, 2023.
Tom Williams | Cq-roll Call, Inc. | Getty Images
The more Jamie Dimon worries, the better his bank seems to do.
As JPMorgan Chase has grown larger, more profitable and increasingly more crucial to the U.S. economy in recent years, its star CEO has grown more vocal about what could go wrong — all while things keep going right for his bank.
In the best of times and in the worst of times, Dimon’s public outlook is grim.
Whether it’s his 2022 forecast for a “hurricane” hitting the U.S. economy, his concerns over the fraying post-WWII world order or his caution about America getting hit by a one-two punch of recession and inflation, Dimon seems to lace every earnings report, TV appearance and investor event with another dire warning.
“His track record of leading the bank is incredible,” said Ben Mackovak, a board member of four banks and investor through his firm Strategic Value Bank Partner. “His track record of making economic-calamity predictions, not as good.”
Over his two decades running JPMorgan, Dimon, 69, has helped build a financial institution unlike any the world has seen.
A sprawling giant in both Main Street banking and Wall Street high finance, Dimon’s bank is, in his own words, an end-game winner when it comes to money. It has more branches, deposits and online users than any peer and is a leading credit card and small business franchise. It has a top market share in both trading and investment banking, and more than $10 trillion moves over its global payment rails daily.
‘Warning shot’
A review of 20 years of Dimon’s annual investor letters and his public statements show a distinct evolution. He became CEO in 2006, and his first decade at the helm of JPMorgan was consumed by the U.S. housing bubble, the 2008 financial crisis and its long aftermath, including the acquisition of two failed rivals, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual.
By the time he began his second decade leading JPMorgan, however, just as the legal hangover from the mortgage crisis began to fade, Dimon began seeing new storm clouds on the horizon.
“There will be another crisis,” he wrote in his April 2015 CEO letter, musing on potential triggers and pointing out that recent gyrations in U.S. debt were a “warning shot” for markets.
That passage marked the start of more frequent financial warnings from Dimon, including worries of a recession — which didn’t happen until the 2020 pandemic triggered a two-month contraction — as well as concerns around market meltdowns and the ballooning U.S. deficit.
But it also marked a decade in which JPMorgan’s performance began lapping rivals. After leveling out at roughly $20 billion in annual profit for a few years, the sprawling machine that Dimon oversaw began to truly hit its stride.
JPMorgan generated six record annual profits from 2015 to 2024, twice as many as in Dimon’s first decade as CEO. JPMorgan is now the world’s most valuable publicly traded financial firm and is spending $18 billion annually on technology, including artificial intelligence, to stay that way.
While Dimon seems perpetually worried about the economy and rising geopolitical turmoil, the U.S. economy keeps chugging along. That means unemployment and consumer spending has been more resilient than expected, allowing JPMorgan to make record profits.
In 2022, Dimon told a roomful of professional investors to prepare for an economic storm: “Right now, it’s kind of sunny, things are doing fine, everyone thinks the Fed can handle this,” Dimon said, referring to the Federal Reserve managing the post-pandemic economy.
“That hurricane is right out there, down the road, coming our way,” he said.
“This may be the most dangerous time the world has seen in decades,” Dimon said the following year in an earnings release.
But investors who listened to Dimon and made their portfolios more conservative would’ve missed on the best two-year run for the S&P 500 in decades.
‘You look stupid’
“It’s an interesting contradiction, no doubt,” Mackovak said about Dimon’s downbeat remarks and his bank’s performance.
“Part of it could just be the brand-building of Jamie Dimon,” the investor said. “Or having a win-win narrative where if something goes bad, you can say, ‘Oh, I called it,’ and if doesn’t, well your bank’s still chugging along.”
According to the former president of a top five U.S. financial institution, bankers know that it’s wiser to broadcast caution than optimism. Former Citigroup CEO Chuck Prince, for example, is best known for his ill-fated comment in 2007 about the mortgage business that “as long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance.”
“One learns that there’s a lot more downside to your reputation if you are overly optimistic and things go wrong,” said this former executive, who asked to remain anonymous to discuss Dimon. “It’s damaging to your bank, and you look stupid, whereas the other way around, you just look like you’re being a very cautious, thoughtful banker.”
Banking is ultimately a business of calculated risks, and its CEOs have to be attuned to the downside, to the possibility that they don’t get repaid on their loans, said banking analyst Mike Mayo of Wells Fargo.
“It’s the old cliché that a good banker carries an umbrella when sun is shining; they’re always looking around the corner, always aware of what could go wrong,” Mayo said.
But other longtime Dimon watchers see something else.
Dimon has an “ulterior motive” for his public comments, according to Portales Partners analyst Charles Peabody.
“I think this rhetoric is to keep his management team focused on future risks, whether they happen or not,” Peabody said. “With a high-performing, high-growth franchise, he’s trying to prevent them from becoming complacent, so I think he’s ingrained in their culture a constant war room-type atmosphere.”
Dimon has no shortage of things to worry about, despite the fact that his bank generated a record $58.5 billion in profit last year. Conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza rage on, the U.S. national debt grows and President Donald Trump‘s trade policies continue to jolt adversaries and allies alike.
Graveyard of bank logos
“It’s fair to observe that he’s not omniscient and not everything he says comes true,” said Truist bank analyst Brian Foran. “He comes at it more from a perspective that you need to be prepared for X, as opposed to we’re convinced X is going to happen.”
JPMorgan was better positioned for higher interest rates than most of its peers were in 2023, when rates surged and punished those who held low-yielding long-term bonds, Foran noted.
“For many years, he said ‘Be prepared for the 10 year at 5%, and we all thought he was crazy, because it was like 1% at the time,” Foran said. “Turns out that being prepared was not a bad thing.”
Perhaps the best explanation for Dimon’s dour outlook is that, no matter how big and powerful JPMorgan is, financial companies can be fragile. The history of finance is one of the rise and fall of institutions, sometimes when managers become complacent or greedy.
In fact, the graveyard of bank logos that are no longer used includes three — Bear Stearns, Washington Mutual and First Republic — that have been subsumed by JPMorgan.
During his bank’s investor day meeting this month, Dimon pointed out that, in the past decade, JPMorgan has been one of the only firms to earn annual returns of more than 17%.
“If you go back to the 10 years before that, OK, a lot of people earned over 17%,” Dimon said. “Almost every single one went bankrupt. Hear what I just said?
“Almost every single major financial company in the world almost didn’t make it,” he said. “It’s a rough world out there.”
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