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China doubles down on AI and tech as Trump ratchets up trade pressure

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A security guard watches during the opening session of the National People’s Congress (NPC) in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on March 5, 2025. 

Wang Zhao | Afp | Getty Images

BEIJING — The undercurrent of China’s annual parliamentary meetings this week is U.S. trade tensions — and how Chinese technology is offsetting that pressure.

The largely ceremonial gathering of delegates in Beijing this year came just as U.S. President Donald Trump addressed Congress and imposed new tariffs on Chinese goods. It’s a clear drag on exports, while Chinese companies have only faced tougher restrictions on accessing high-end semiconductors and other advanced tech.

“Internationally … an increasingly complex and severe external environment may exert a greater impact on China in areas such as trade, science and technology,” Chinese Premier Li Qiang said in his annual report on government work at the opening ceremony of the National People’s Congress on Wednesday, according to an official English translation of the Chinese.

It was an unusually grim assessment at least among the seven parliamentary meetings I have attended. But I also sensed a greater willingness to support the private sector than in the past — especially as it relates to tech innovation, such as with Chinese AI company DeepSeek.

“We will promote the healthy and well-regulated development of the platform economy and give better play to its role in inspiring innovation, expanding consumption and stabilizing employment,” Li said in the work report.

That marked the latest signal that Beijing now wants to support the private sector after previously taking a far more restrictive stance and imposing large fines on tech giants Alibaba and Tencent, often called “platform“ companies in China. Many companies and industries in China have historically been dominated by the state.

China is likely to double down on transformative tech and winning global south amid trade war

DeepSeek’s recent rise demonstrated to many international investors — who had grown cautious on the slowing economy — how a Chinese company could compete with the U.S. on AI, regardless of White House sanctions.

Beijing was quick to affirm the startup’s success. DeepSeek’s Liang Wenfeng attended a meeting with Premier Li in January, and a symposium with Chinese President Xi Jinping in February.

AI to counter protectionism?

While DeepSeek didn’t get a specific mention in the government work report, a member of the team that drafted the report named it — and applications such as Kuaishou’s Kling AI for video generation — while talking to the press on Wednesday about China’s rapid AI development.

“Historically, technological progress is often an important force for breaking through barriers and protectionism,” Chen Changsheng, who is also deputy director of the State Council Research Office, said in Mandarin translated by CNBC.

“We look forward to how under the current international backdrop, AI will become a positive energy to promote cooperation and multilateralism,” he said.

HONG KONG, CHINA – JANUARY 28: In this photo illustration, the DeepSeek apps is seen on a phone in front of a flag of China on January 28, 2025 in Hong Kong, China.  

Anthony Kwan | Getty Images News | Getty Images

“Tech” got one more mention in this year’s report versus last year, and “reform” got 10 more mentions, according to the Chinese-language versions. Tech self-reliance also got its own sub-section in China’s latest annual work report, in contrast to a passing mention in 2024.

A new law

China’s legislature has been discussing a new law to support the private sector. Beijing has said it would be enacted as soon as possible after further discussions and revisions.

This year, policy will likely be driven more from the bottom up, rather than the top down, said Ding Wenjie, investment strategist for global capital investment at China Asset Management Co., according to a CNBC translation of her Mandarin-language remarks.

She expects growth in AI and leading tech to spur development of other industries, but cautioned that it will likely take companies more than just one or two quarters to see results.

China’s parliamentary meetings officially wrap up early next week. More official comments on tech and the private sector law are expected to trickle out in coming days.

Among the top priorities for the year ahead, Premier Li said, is supporting “the extensive application of large-scale AI models.” Beijing plans to increase funding for biomanufacturing, quantum technology, AI-linked robotics and 6G technology.

Oxford Economics shares its take on whether China will achieve its GDP growth target this year

The industry-specific goals come as China is trying to boost consumer spending, minimize the drag from real estate and navigate trade tensions with the U.S.

China’s “policy focus is to accelerate AI adoption and autonomous driving, while make gradual progress in restructuring housing and [local government financing vehicle] debt,” Morgan Stanley’s chief China Economist Robin Xing and a team said in a note Wednesday. They noted that the “fiscal package came as expected: a [2 trillion yuan ($280 billion)] expansion with mild support on consumption.”

Chinese official comments during this week’s meetings hint at a preference for open-source models.

Chen on the work report drafting team warned against “excessive” use of private AI projects that could fragment the market, and instead called for “large-scale applications.”

China will also work to increase computing capacity and develop “a system of open-source models,” the economic planning agency, called the National Development and Reform Commission, said in its plan for the year ahead.

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Warren Buffett to ask board to make Greg Abel CEO of Berkshire Hathaway at year-end

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Warren Buffett: Greg Abel should become Berkshire CEO at year-end

OMAHA, Nebraska — Warren Buffett said he will ask the board of Berkshire Hathaway to replace him as CEO with his already designated successor, Greg Abel, at year end.

Buffett noted that he would still ‘hang around’ to help, but the final word would be with Abel.

The investing legend said at the annual meeting celebrating 60 years of him at the helm of Berkshire that he wouldn’t sell a single share.

“I would add this, the decision to keep every share is an economic decision because i think the prospects of Berkshire will be better under Greg’s management than mine,” said Buffett.

Buffett and Abel told CNBC’s Becky Quick after the shareholder meeting that the pair would discuss at a Sunday board meeting what Buffett’s role will be formally. Buffett, 94, is currently CEO and chairman of the conglomerate.

So it’s not clear whether Abel will also assume the chairman role.

This is breaking news. Please check back for updates.

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‘Trade should not be a weapon’

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Warren Buffett knocks tariffs and protectionism: 'Trade should not be a weapon'

OMAHA, Nebraska — Warren Buffett on Saturday criticized President Donald Trump’s hardline trade policy, without naming him directly, saying it’s a big mistake to slap punitive tariffs on the rest of the world.

“Trade should not be a weapon,” Buffett said at Berkshire Hathaway‘s annual shareholder meeting. “The United States won. I mean, we have become an incredibly important country, starting from nothing 250 years ago. There’s not been anything like it.”

“It’s a big mistake, in my view, when you have seven and a half billion people that don’t like you very well, and you got 300 million that are crowing in some way about how well they’ve done – I don’t think it’s right, and I don’t think it’s wise,” he added.

Buffett’s comments, his most direct yet on tariffs, came after the White House’s rollout of the highest levies on imports in generations shocked the world last month, triggering extreme volatility on Wall Street. The president also announced a sudden 90-day pause on much of the increase, except for China, as the White House sought to make deals with countries.

Trump has slapped tariffs of 145% on imported Chinese goods this year, prompting China to impose retaliatory levies of 125%. China said last week it is evaluating the possibility of starting trade negotiations with the U.S.

“I do think that the more prosperous the rest of the world becomes, it won’t be at the our expense, the more prosperous we’ll become, and the safer we’ll feel, and your children will feel someday,” Buffett said.

Investors had been waiting to hear from the 94-year-old “Oracle of Omaha” for his guidance to navigate the uncertain macroenvironment as well as his assessment on the state of the economy. The trillion-dollar Berkshire’s vast array of insurance, transportation, energy, retail and other businesses, from Geico to Burlington Northern to Dairy Queen, leave Buffett uniquely qualified to comment on the current health of the American economy. The first-quarter GDP was just reported to have contracted for the first time since 2022.

Berkshire said in its first-quarter earnings report that tariffs and other geopolitical events created “considerable uncertainty” for the conglomerate. The firm said it’s not able to predict any potential impact from tariffs at this time.

Buffett has been in a defensive mode, selling stocks for 10 straight quarters. Berkshire dumped more than $134 billion worth of stock in 2024, mainly due to reductions in Berkshire’s two largest equity holdings — Apple and Bank of America. As a result of the selling spree, Berkshire’s enormous pile of cash grew to yet another record, at $347 billion at the end of March.

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Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.A) earnings Q1 2025

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Warren Buffett walks the floor and meets with Berkshire Hathaway shareholders ahead of their annual meeting in Omaha, Nebraska on May 3rd, 2024. 

David A. Grogan

(Follow along with our full coverage of Berkshire Hathaway’s annual meeting here.)

Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway reported first-quarter results on Saturday that showed a steep drop in operating earnings from the year-earlier period. The conglomerate, which owns a vast array of insurance, transportation, energy, retail and other businesses also warned that tariffs may further hit profits.

Operating earnings, which include the conglomerate’s fully owned insurance and railroad businesses, fell 14% to $9.641 billion during the first three months of the year. In the first quarter of 2024, they totaled $11.222 billion.

On per share basis, operating earnings were $4.47 last quarter, down from $5.20 per class B share in the same period one year ago. That compares to an estimate of $4.89 per class B share from UBS and an overall consensus estimate from 4 analysts of $4.72 a share per FactSet.

Much of that decline was driven by a 48.6% plunge in insurance-underwriting profit. That came in at $1.34 billion for the first quarter, down from $2.60 billion a year prior.

Berkshire’s bottom line also took a hit from the dollar losing value in the first quarter. The company said it suffered an approximate $713 million loss related to foreign exchange. This time last year, it benefited from a $597 million forex gain.

The dollar index fell nearly 4% in the first quarter. Against the Japanese yen, it lost 4.6%.

Berkshire said President Donald Trump’s tariffs and other geopolitical risks created an uncertain environment for the conglomerate, owner of BNSF railway, Brooks Running and Geico insurance. The firm said it’s not able to predict any potential impact from tariffs at this time.

“Our periodic operating results may be affected in future periods by impacts of ongoing macroeconomic and geopolitical events, as well as changes in industry or company-specific factors or events,” Berkshire said in the earnings report. “The pace of changes in these events, including international trade policies and tariffs, has accelerated in 2025. Considerable uncertainty remains as to the ultimate outcome of these events.”

“We are currently unable to reliably predict the potential impact on our businesses, whether through changes in product costs, supply chain costs and efficiency, and customer demand for our products and services,” it said.

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BRK.A vs S&P 500 in 2025

The report comes as Berkshire enjoys a stellar year-to-date performance, while the broader market languishes. In 2025, Class A shares of Berkshire are up nearly 19%, while the S&P 500 is down 3.3% as uncertainty from tariffs pressures tech and other sectors.

Berkshire’s cash hoard ballooned to a fresh record during the first quarter, climbing to more than $347 billion from around $334 billion at the end of 2024, as Buffett continues to struggle to find opportunities to deploy the money.

Berkshire was a net seller of stocks for a 10th quarter in a row.

— CNBC’s Yun Li contributed reporting.

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