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There’s an accountant shortage, but will 150-hour alternatives fix it?

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There are 340,000 fewer accountants than just five years ago. At the same time, the need for accountants is greater than ever. According to a recent survey by Intuit QuickBooks, 68% of accountants have reported a growing demand for their services.

Accounting firms are struggling to meet this demand, and they’re turning away work. As a result, many small businesses can’t afford a CPA, which harms our economy. Without access to financial advice, small businesses suffer and many fail.

Our job as CPAs is to protect the public — it’s in the name “Certified Public Accountant.” But we can’t protect the public if there aren’t enough qualified accountants to do the job. 

The talent shortage is a problem that’s catching up with us, and we can’t ignore it anymore.

So, what’s causing the shortage? There are many factors, but one of the most obvious and well-studied is the 150-hour rule. Since its introduction in the late ’80s, the 150-hour rule requirement has been adopted by all 50 states and U.S. territories, with the U.S. Virgin Islands being the last to implement it in 2015. 

In effect, the 150-hour rule is a required fifth year of college, often in the form of a master’s degree, and it’s proven to be a significant barrier to attracting new talent into the profession.

The rulemakers intended to raise standards and ensure CPAs acquired the right skills and knowledge to meet client needs. It was also implemented during a time of surplus talent — we had plenty of CPAs. 

Forty years later, the situation has changed. The rule is discouraging many students from pursuing an accounting career. We’re seeing the lowest number of CPA exam candidates since 2006.

Limited access for underrepresented groups

Accounting has historically been one of the most reliable pathways into the upper-middle class. But that path is becoming less clear. That’s because we’ve tied success in our profession to an increasingly expensive system of traditional higher education.

The 150-hour education requirement is the equivalent of a five-year degree. While it’s “only” one additional year of schooling, it puts a significant financial strain on students and their families. It also delays entry into the workforce and the ability to start earning a salary, adding considerable opportunity cost to becoming a CPA.

For many aspiring CPAs, the additional education may not make economic sense compared to a four-year degree in a different business major.

The 150-hour requirement’s rigid structure also offers little flexibility. It’s not ideal for neurodiverse students who struggle in traditional learning environments. Many of these students benefit more from hands-on experience with the space to learn at their own pace than a lecture-based classroom model used in most traditional accounting education programs.

The 150-hour rule also limits our profession’s diversity. A recent study published in the Journal of Accounting Research found that the 150-hour requirement led to a 26% decline in the entry of minority CPAs, compared to a 14% decline for non-minority CPAs. These individuals are no less capable of becoming skilled and respected accountants, yet the current requirements often hold many back due to cost.

What’s the alternative?

We must consider alternatives to the 150-hour rule to improve the accountant talent pipeline. A pathway to a bachelor’s degree paired with two years of practical experience appeals to a more diverse range of candidates while lowering the financial barriers that hold them back from entering the field. In our profession, practical experience often proves to be more valuable than time in a classroom.

To maintain high standards, we should focus on making the CPA exam more rigorous rather than relying on an extra year of schooling to measure competency.

We’re already seeing some states take action. Ohio made the first move in 2025 to abolish the 150-hour rule and offer alternative pathways to CPA licensure, which will take effect in 2026. Virginia also just passed similar legislation.

Minnesota is also considering a bill amendment to create an alternative path to CPA licensure. The amendment would allow students to complete 120 semester credit hours from an accredited school to be eligible for CPA certification, with two years of professional experience and passing the CPA exam. South Carolina is implementing similar changes

These efforts reflect the growing recognition that the accounting profession must adapt to meet the needs of a modern, more diverse workforce. 

If you’re a part of the accounting community or are considering becoming a CPA, now is the time to stay informed of upcoming changes in your state and help push the profession into the future. Engage with your local state representatives to discuss alternatives to the 150-hour education requirement and push for much-needed change. 

Together, we can create and support a diverse and inclusive pool of highly skilled and knowledgeable professionals ready to lead a new era of accounting. 

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Accounting

Tax Fraud Blotter: Class dismissed

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Family plot; past and present; fat chance; and other highlights of recent tax cases.

Princeton Junction, New Jersey: Former accounting professor Gordian A. Ndubizu has been sentenced to two years in prison for evading federal income taxes and filing false returns.

He was convicted in August of all eight counts of an indictment charging him with four counts of tax evasion and four counts of filing false returns in tax years 2014 through 2017. During those years, Ndubizu was a professor of accounting at a university in Pennsylvania as well as the co-owner of Healthcare Pharmacy in Trenton, New Jersey.

Healthcare Pharmacy was organized as an S corp, the income of which flowed through to Ndubizu and his wife and was to be reported on their personal income tax returns. Ndubizu prepared fraudulent books and records for Healthcare inflating the pharmacy’s costs of goods sold to reduce and underreport the pharmacy’s profits flowing through to Ndubizu and his wife.

Among other falsehoods, Ndubizu identified wire transfers as payments to purchase goods sold by the pharmacy when those transfers were in fact to personal bank accounts under Ndubizu’s control and to bank accounts in Nigeria associated with an automotive company under Ndubizu’s control.

Each of Ndubizu’s returns for 2014 through 2017 underreported his income and falsely reported that he had no financial interest in or signature authority over any foreign bank accounts.

He failed to report some $3.28 million in income from the pharmacy, resulting in the evasion of some $1.25 million in tax.

West Palm Beach, Florida: Lobbyist Eston Eurel Melton III has pleaded guilty to tax evasion.

Melton failed to pay some $1.2 million in taxes for tax years 2005 through 2014. By July 2019, his tax debt, including penalties and interest, was some $1.7 million.

He evaded IRS efforts to collect the taxes in multiple ways. To dissuade the agency from seizing his residence, for example, he represented that he was attempting to sell the residence but then undermined his realtor’s efforts to make the sale. 

Melton also signed some $67,000 in checks to himself from his lobbying business, Global Projects, and the checks were negotiated for cash. A family member then deposited the same or similar sums in cash into her account; that family member then opened a lobbying business, Gryphon Partners, apparently competing with Global Projects. Gryphon’s revenue rose while Global’s fell, and many of Global Projects’ clients transferred to Gryphon.

Global and Gryphon paid him almost nothing after 2019, instead making all distributions to his relative. The latter bought a new area home and lived there with Melton, telling the closing agent that Melton should not be on the deed because the family member was buying the home with her own money. In fact, approximately two-thirds of the cash to close was proceeds of Melton’s lobbying work. Melton also transferred four life insurance policies and the title of two cars to his family member.

Sentencing is May 16.

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Arlington, Georgia: Reginald Knight, who has a prior federal conviction for tax fraud in Florida, has been found guilty of another tax scheme.

He filed a federal return in March 2018 that falsely claimed $3,211,907 in wages, $2,586,551 in withholdings, $1,848,000 in Schedule C losses and a refund of $2,165,154. Knight fabricated W-2s and Schedule Cs for two business entities, but neither business generated the income, paid the withholdings or suffered the losses Knight claimed. 

The IRS did not issue a refund and began investigating Knight in 2021, discovering that he’d filed returns with similarly exorbitant financials for the non-operating business for tax years 2014, 2015 and 2016; the IRS did not issue a refund for tax years 2014 and 2015.

The IRS did issue a $745,953 refund to Knight for tax year 2016, which he used to pay for the construction of a new home, made transfers to his investment account, purchased a vehicle and paid for personal living expenses totaling $442,667.30. The IRS recovered $315,466.97.

Knight faces up to three years in prison, to be followed by three years of supervised release and a $100,000 fine. He has a federal tax conviction in the Southern District of Florida from 2005 and was sentenced to serve five months in prison per charge, to be served concurrently.

Las Vegas: Resident Candies Goode-McCoy has pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud the United States by making claims for refunds of false COVID-19-related credits.

McCoy conspired to file returns seeking fraudulent refunds based on the Employee Retention Credit and paid sick and family leave credit. From around June 2022 through September 2023, she filed 1,227 false returns for her businesses and others claiming these credits.

In total, these claims sought refunds of more than $98 million, of which the IRS paid some $33 million. McCoy personally received more than $1.3 million in fraudulent refunds and was paid about $800,000 from those on whose behalf she’d filed fraudulent returns. She spent the money in part on luxury cars, gambling, vacations and luxury items.

Sentencing is Feb. 23. She faces a maximum of 10 years in prison, as well as a period of supervised release, restitution and monetary penalties. 

Upper Marlboro, Maryland: Charles Anthony Keemer, 64, has pleaded guilty to aiding and assisting the preparation and filing of a false and fraudulent return.

Keemer prepared 1040s for clients in exchange for fees even though he was not registered as a tax preparer with any federal, state or local regulator, had neither education nor work experience in tax prep, and didn’t report income from the tax prep work on his income tax returns.

During tax years 2013 through 2016, he prepared and submitted hundreds of federal income tax returns for clients, e-filing the returns through online software. Keemer met clients at various locations in Maryland to receive payment for the returns.

He added materially false items to the returns to inflate the federal refunds, including fictitious Schedule C businesses and false expenses.

The tax loss caused to the IRS was some $128,691.

He faces up to three years in prison.

Mansfield, Texas: Tax preparer Festus Adenisimi, 65, has been sentenced to 57 months in prison and ordered to pay more than $10 million restitution for the false preparation of returns.

Adenisimi owned FA Tax, where he and other preparers prepared fraudulent returns for clients, often causing the IRS to issue refunds. He admitted to falsely preparing his own returns as well, and admitted that he fraudulently obtained two Paycheck Protection Program loans totaling $760,415 under COVID-19 relief.

Adenisimi, who pleaded guilty in September, was also ordered to pay $10,283,737.65 in restitution.

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Accounting

IFAC revises global accounting education standards for sustainability reporting

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The International Federation of Accountants has finalized a set of revisions to the International Education Standards to embed sustainability throughout the training of aspiring accountants, reinforcing the accounting profession’s role in supporting high-quality sustainability reporting and assurance while upholding integrity and professional quality.

The updates come at a time when the Trump administration has been rooting out environmental efforts across the federal government and beyond, pulling the U.S. away from other parts of the world, withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement and stopping sustainability efforts aimed at slowing the rapid pace of climate change.

“IFAC and our members work together to shape the future of the profession through learning, innovation, a collective voice, and a shared commitment to the public interest,” said IFAC CEO Lee White in a statement. “These revisions to the education standards ensure that professional accountants worldwide develop the right competencies to implement sustainability reporting and assurance standards effectively.”

The revisions to these foundational education standards establish a global baseline of sustainability competence to prepare accountants across the globe to implement sustainability-related disclosure and assurance standards. That includes standards issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board, the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants and the International Sustainability Standards Board, as well as those under development by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board.

IFAC is embedding sustainability concepts throughout the IES learning outcomes addressing initial professional development, so accountants can connect financial and sustainability data and information. A new assurance competence area introduces learning outcomes that enable accountants to develop a strong foundational understanding of assurance fundamentals.

The revisions promise to improve accountants’ ability to assess sustainability impacts on business models, value chain, and organizational strategy. They will reinforce skills such as decision making, adaptability, collaboration and other forms of behavior.

Expanded explanatory materials in the standards offer extra guidance to facilitate implementation by professional accounting organizations, universities and training programs.

In addition, IFAC has modernized IES 6, Initial Professional Development – Formal Assessment of Professional Competence, to introduce two new principles, integrity and authenticity, as well as update the principle of equity, alongside enhanced guidance on hybrid and remote assessments.

IFAC is asking all of its stakeholders to start preparing for implementation of the revised education standards, with early adoption encouraged ahead of the July 1, 2026 effective date.

IFAC is also encouraging its members and other stakeholders to request permission to translate the revised standards into their local languages. They can request permission through the IFAC website here.

To support its members in adopting and using the revised standards, IFAC has developed a package of resources, including two fact sheets, a frequently asked questions document, and two bases for conclusions, which explain the changes to learning outcomes, including the rationale for what was changed and what wasn’t.

Two webinars will be held in April to give global audiences an overview of the revised standards and their application, as well as an opportunity to address specific questions.

Each of the revised standards — IES 2, 3, 4 and 6 — has been published in full ahead of the anticipated release of an updated Handbook of International Education Pronouncements in late 2025.

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Accounting

Canopy testing Questionnaire, Document Automation, Email Summaries

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Accounting practice management solution provider Canopy previewed three new products that are currently in beta testing, as well as announced new hires, including a new vice president of product. 

Speaking in a video update, Heather Hurst, the vice president of marketing at Canopy, said the company is currently testing a questionnaire feature, a document automation feature and an email summary feature. 

The Questionnaire feature will allow users to build custom forms with preconfigured settings, which can be used for things like organizers or client intake. The solution is currently in open beta testing, so it is available to all customers now, but will move to general release later this summer, said Hurst. 

The Document Automation feature being tested will eventually leverage AI to create consistent naming conventions based on a firm’s preferences. When individuals or companies upload documents into Canopy, this feature will ensure uniform naming structures, making document management more efficient. Email Summaries, meanwhile, will let practitioners quickly scan and process emails, which she said will be especially useful during busy periods. 

Davis Bell, CEO of Canopy, said in an email that Document Automation is in a small closed beta right now and the company doesn’t have anticipated release dates yet for the Email Summary feature.

Hurst also announced Hannah Bjornn as its new vice president of product. Prior to joining Canopy, she was managing partner at Remedy, a full-service product management consultancy. Prior to that, she was vice president of product with tax planning and client collaboration solutions provider Corvee, and before that was assistant vice president of product with employee benefits solutions provider PlanSource.

In addition to Bjornn’s appointment, Hurst said Canopy is also expanding its R&D team with multiple new hires across various functional areas. Bell, the CEO, declined to release the total number of new R&D hires but they are bringing on board a variety of product managers, QA, AI engineers, frontend engineers, and mobile engineers. 

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