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AI evolves for CFOs and accountants

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While generative artificial intelligence is the hot conversation topic these days, we must not forget a long and successful history of using nongenerative AI, sometimes called legacy AI, especially for numerical and structured data. Uses such as forecasting of customer demand or revenues or the detection of patterns such as fraud or money laundering are important examples relevant to CFOs and accountants.

These tools and use cases improve in their capability every year and provide tangible business value.

Legacy AI uses

These nongenerative AI systems can also provide significant assistance in meeting compliance and regulatory requirements and preparing analytical reports for those purposes. Matching methods to detect which invoices and payments belong together, especially in cases of partial disparity, are in almost universal usage today and rely on AI.

Many of the more sophisticated management dashboards and systems underlying both accounting and enterprise resource planning software ultimately rely on such AI systems, for example inventory management and planning. Complex processes like just-in-time or just-in-sequence could not function without legacy AI backbones.

Limitations of generative AI

Turning to the oft-hyped topic of generative AI, we acknowledge that many claims are hype. Any tool, for instance, has an intended scope of use for which it is helpful and provides value. Beyond that scope, it is not helpful and may cause harm. Large language models are intended to manipulate language, not numbers, and so are generally not successful at dealing with numbers where we expect absolute accuracy.

A case in point is the analysis of a company’s annual report. If we do so using LLMs, we will get answers that are “enhanced” by information extraneous to the report, or we might get numbers that are not grounded in the report. Such uses are not appropriate and misleading. So what can we use them for?

Multimodal uses of generative AI

A step change forward of generative AI is its multimodal facility — the ability to work with text and images at once. Imagine taking a mobile phone snapshot of your latest restaurant bill and it’s automatically filed in the travel expense form of your company. What a time and hassle saver! This is quite accurate and thus also prevents human error. The same holds for invoices, receipts and other paper forms.

In case a legacy AI model discovers some sort of mistake — such as fraud or a partially paid invoice — it is generative AI that can convert this discovery into a human-readable message that explains what is going on and what to do about it. We have talked about explainable AI for many years, and it is LLMs that can produce an explanation even if the content of that explanation may need other systems to weigh in.

Natural language dashboards

We have all been in board meetings where one person asks an analytical question to which no one has the right numbers. Oh horror. An analyst will have to be kept busy for a few days, the charts sent, and the result is not actionable for a protracted time. Gone are the days! Generative AI can translate a question from English into the language of databases, SQL, and obtain the table of numbers that results. This table is then translated into the codified language of dashboards and displayed as a graphical image to the human user.

All of this occurs in the blink of an eye. Most importantly, the result is not hallucinated by the LLM but comes directly from the database — the answer can be trusted. This allows further questions to be asked live in the board meeting, eventually getting to an actionable result in a short time. I was present at such a meeting where a sequence of eight pointed questions was asked and answered in less than 10 minutes, leading to novel insights and a board decision. It was an eye-opener.

Support services

Fielding questions by employees, customers and suppliers is a major strain on any accounting division. Generative AI can help by triaging the most common questions and providing correct and sensible answers automatically. From providing help with the dreaded expense reports to filing invoices, AI can largely automate the everyday process of accounting, including matching it to the right expense account and getting approvals.

Security is important, especially when money is involved. Generative AI supplies a new level of sophistication for the detection of a variety of attacks such as phishing and hacking.

Some uses where AI, generative or not, can help in the realm of accounting have been listed here. Beyond the management of a company’s finances, the CFO also has to make many decisions for the rest of the company. AI can help analyze scenarios, help find reference data, and contextualize the situations and offerings of competitors or other vendors. It can help to objectify and compare the benefits of multiple options so that the CFO can better decide which to choose.

In conclusion, generative AI delivers genuine business value to the CFO organization after all the hype has been subtracted. The most impressive is the generation of dashboards on the basis of human-language questions. If you do nothing else, have a good look at that.

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Accounting

AICPA & CIMA names Mark Koziel as next CEO, succeeding Barry Melancon

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Allinial Global president and CEO Mark Koziel has been tapped as the next president and CEO of the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants, succeeding longtime chief Barry Melancon, who is retiring at the end of this year.

Koziel has extensive experience at the AICPA, having worked in various roles there for over 14 years, most recently as executive vice president of firm services. He left for Allinial Global in 2020 to head the association of independent accounting and advisory firms but had long been seen as a potential successor to Melancon. Melancon announced his retirement in May at the spring meeting of the AICPA’s governing Council and a search process began for the next head of the AICPA & CIMA. Koziel will step into the role in January after a handover period.

“I am excited and honored to be appointed CEO of the world’s largest accounting membership body,” Koziel said in a statement Wednesday. “I look forward to playing a key role in leading the organization and the profession to new heights. The profession is well positioned to expand and continue to evolve the value it brings serving the public interest and addressing the challenges faced by economies, business, and society. I cannot wait to start working closely with members, candidates, volunteers, and staff to do just that and drive our great profession forward.”

Mark Koziel at Engage 2018

Mark Koziel at AICPA Engage 2018

Koziel began his accounting career in 1991 at the firm Lumsden McCormick in Buffalo, New York, later joining Dopkins & Co. and Joe Slade White & Co., two other firms in the area. 

Melancon has been leading the American Institute of CPAs since 1995 and spearheaded its expansion into the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants, the AICPA & CIMA, after a deal with the U.K.’s Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in 2017. He has long been ranked by his fellow accountants as the most influential person in the accounting profession.

“Serving the profession over the last 30 years has been a great honor, and I have been fortunate to have played a part in its transformation,” Melancon stated. “I am thrilled to see Mark appointed to the role, knowing his passion and vision for the profession and AICPA & CIMA. Mark will do a fantastic job.”

The board of directors of the AICPA & CIMA announced Koziel’s selection Wednesday after an extensive search process.

“We are delighted to announce Mark as our new CEO for the Association,” said Simon Bittlestone, CIMA president and chair of the Association, in a statement. “The appointment follows an open and extensive global search that attracted a strong pool of candidates from around the world. Mark is a dynamic, values-led leader with extensive experience and knowledge of our profession. The board looks forward to working with him in leading our members, candidates, and the profession into the 2030s and beyond. I would like to thank Barry Melancon ahead of his retirement for his leadership of AICPA & CIMA and lifelong commitment to advancing the accounting and finance profession — a remarkable 30 years of dedication.”

AICPA chair and co-chair of the Association Carla McCall, added, “In a strong field of applicants, Mark was the standout candidate because of his knowledge, understanding, experience, and vision for the profession and the organization. These are transformative times for our profession. I look forward to working with Mark to seize the opportunities in front of us.”

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Accounting

Easing into automation: How to finally digitally transform

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For my entire 20-year career, the CPA profession has warned of the coming technological disruption. The need for digital transformation has been a topic at every conference I have attended and regularly finds its way to the cover of accounting publications. While we’ve come a long way from the paperless initiatives of the early 2000s, many of the core systems supporting firms today look very similar to what they did when I entered the workforce. 

While other industries rapidly adopt data-driven solutions like artificial intelligence, many CPA firms still rely on spreadsheets and processes that merely digitize the traditional paper-based approach. These legacy systems haven’t prevented success and avoid the risks of retooling and reskilling employees, but staying in the past fails to capitalize on the incredible software available today.

That’s not to say firms haven’t tried or don’t understand the opportunities available to them. The historical reality is that the current systems work, change is hard, and many of the traditional approaches to digital transformation require a complete system overhaul all at once. However, those realities have changed dramatically in the last couple of years with new tools that simplify adoption, allow for small iterative enhancements, and create real threats to leave you behind if you ignore them. 

It starts with culture

The technology available to support digital work today is nothing short of breathtaking as many of the promises of cloud technology are being realized. We’ve experienced a true renaissance with tools that are inexpensive, easy to adopt, and sometimes make you feel like a wizard. 

However, the tools aren’t actual magic. We are still waiting for the technological discovery that overcomes poorly designed processes, and we continue to be grounded in the traditional rules and logic that require new skills and organizational alignment. Success requires changes to be embraced and celebrated across the firm, from support staff to partners in corner offices.

The shift in mindset is the most significant hill to climb, but it doesn’t have to be painful or even hard. When you show people a better way to work and an opportunity to be more effective, it’s easier to rally support. The conversation needs to be about more than higher margins and fear of being left behind — the real magic of a digitally driven professional services firm is that it empowers people to help clients and reduce stress. 

Take inventory and find small opportunities

The initial challenge is recognizing the opportunity to expand technology use for everyday tasks and understanding where to begin. Numerous small, seemingly insignificant gains can collectively lead to a substantial shift in how we serve clients, enabling easier monitoring, asynchronous work and more accurate deliverables, among many other benefits. 

These sorts of iterative and continuous changes can be hard, but being intentional about the systems you adopt and the types of experiments you conduct becomes your biggest asset. 

Here are a few vital steps to help you get started as you adopt new technology in your firm:

  • Address fears and challenges: Examine why your firm hasn’t embraced the innovations we’ve seen in the compliance space. Common barriers include fear of change, adoption costs and required knowledge, all of which can be overcome with the right approach and mindset.
  • Start small: Begin by integrating the tools you’re already using, so they communicate with each other, and you can ensure data security at every transfer point. As you gain confidence, identify your firm’s biggest pain points and brainstorm the best ways to tackle them.
  • Thoughtfully consider budget: While the cost of implementing new tools can be a deterrent, many modern solutions are more affordable than expected. With the tremendous software available and marketplaces offering consultants to help you get started, the barriers to entry are lower than ever.

Analyze the best tools for your compliance firm

Think holistically about your tech stack and how tools work together, from your email to the systems you use for research, documentation, and client collaboration. The number of tools available is vast, and while many do similar things, each typically has some nuance. It’s essential to know what you need and thoroughly research to find the right fit. 

The best part is that most of these tools offer free trials and live demos, so you can see the product and ask questions, learn more, and try them out before investing time and money. For those who don’t feel comfortable implementing tools themselves, many great IT consultants can lead you through the selection process and potentially help you onboard and integrate new tools. 

If you want to build the tools and knowledge internally and fully tailor your firm’s digital programs from scratch, AI can help significantly as you learn to write and debug code. If you have zero coding experience, that is no longer an issue with low-code and no-code platforms that do the tough programming part for you, allowing you to personalize and design tools specifically for your firm’s needs.

Implement technology smoothly

Adopting new tools and changing processes can be challenging, particularly for employees. 

Here are some tips for smooth implementation:

  • Introduce tools gradually: Avoid overwhelming your team with too many new tools at once. Be intentional and roll them out at a comfortable pace with clear instructions, expectations and documentation. 
  • Provide comprehensive training: Offer high-level group training followed by individual sessions with subject matter experts to address specific questions. 
  • Foster a supportive culture: Some team members may initially resist new tools, preferring traditional methods. Be patient because, over time, they will recognize the benefits and time savings, allowing them to focus on more interesting and valuable tasks. 
  • Document and iterate: Create clear documentation for new processes and be open to feedback and adjustments as your team adapts and finds new ways of working.

The journey to a truly digitally driven firm requires curiosity, patience and a willingness to embrace change. Be open to continuous learning opportunities, and as technology evolves, so should your firm. This transformation won’t happen overnight. It’s a gradual process that involves overcoming initial fears, making informed decisions, and fostering a strong culture that supports innovation.

By taking these steps, you’ll position your firm for gains in efficiency and long-term success. Embrace the journey, trust the process, and watch as your firm becomes more dynamic, innovative, and client-focused. The future of compliance is digital, and the time to start is now.

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Accounting

In the blogs: Through the roof

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Tax cuts and Mickey’s slice; avoiding FBARs; COLA wars; and other highlights from our favorite tax bloggers.

Through the roof

  • Tax Vox (https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxvox): Kamala Harris has released an ambitious economic agenda that includes expanding family credits, an exemption for tip income and a commitment not to raise taxes on those earning less than $400,000. Can she pay for all that?
  • MeyersBrothersKalicka (https://www.mbkcpa.com/insights): Insurance is generally headed through the roof (in no small part because so many roofs are blowing off), so your biz clients might find the coverage they need too expensive. What to consider in a captive insurance company, including the tax benefits.
  • HBK (https://hbkcpa.com/insights/): Businesses can and should be appraised regularly. “Qualified appraisals” (as defined under the Internal Revenue Code) are commonly sought by higher-income taxpayers and estates. And it might not come as a surprise that some of the IRS’s favorite items to audit are private business and valuations of closely held entities. A recent U.S. Tax Court case highlights the importance of keeping these facts top-of-mind. 
  • Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy (https://itep.org/category/blog/): Several states are getting an early start at writing new tax policy. West Virginia has agreed on an additional tax cut; Louisiana may soon follow suit. Meanwhile, one Florida county may be on the hook for millions in refunds to Disney for taxes that a court says were improperly collected.

It couldn’t hurt

  • Tax Notes (https://www.taxnotes.com/procedurally-taxing): In prior posts regarding attorney’s fees and the federal tax lien, attorneys won; that streak continues in the recent Jason A. Imes v. Fox Rothschild LLP et al. Not mentioned in the caption of the case, the taxpayer — a non-party in the lien priority case — nevertheless deserves some attention.
  • TaxProf Blog (http://taxprof.typepad.com/taxprof_blog/): The state corporate income tax may be a flawed instrument, but here’s why calls to eliminate it should be reconsidered.
  • Virginia – U.S. Tax Talk (https://us-tax.org/about-this-us-tax-blog/): One possible method to avoid FBAR filings.
  • Don’t Mess with Taxes (http://dontmesswithtaxes.typepad.com/): The Un-Cola Dept.: A deeper look into the latest (and grumble-igniting) Social Security cost-of-living-adjustment bump.
  • Tax Foundation (https://taxfoundation.org/blog): Though energy prices have declined from their recent peak, Spain is one of the few European countries  continuing to rely on windfall profits taxes to fund relief measures for consumers. Will that become permanent?

Independent thinking

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