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Democrats take aim at Puerto Rico tax perks for crypto

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Democratic lawmakers on Monday introduced a bill to block investors from using Puerto Rico as a cryptocurrency tax haven — a proposal unlikely to advance without Republican support and as Congress prioritizes extending the 2017 tax cuts.

Under current laws, qualified investors living in the U.S. Commonwealth are not required to pay local or federal taxes on capital gains, including crypto appreciation. That tax break — part of a broader package of tax incentives known as Act 60 — has made the island a haven for thousands of digital currency enthusiasts.  

The bill introduced by New York Representative Nydia Velazquez and other Democratic lawmakers comes as President Donald Trump has been embracing crypto and promised to slash regulations that affect digital assets.

If passed, the Fair Taxation of Digital Assets in Puerto Rico Act of 2025 would add a new section to the Internal Revenue Code that would make digital-asset income on the island subject to federal rules.

In a statement to Bloomberg News, Velazquez said the bill will close a critical loophole, “making sure everyone plays by the same rules.”

“This wave of crypto investors hasn’t helped Puerto Rico’s recovery or strengthened the local economy,” Velazquez said. “Instead, it’s driven up housing costs, pushed out local residents, and added pressure to an island where nearly 40% of people live in poverty — all while costing the federal government billions in lost tax revenue.”

According to Velazquez’s office, Puerto Rico will lose an estimated $4.5 billion in revenue from 2020 to 2026 due to tax breaks for wealthy investors.  

Earlier this month, Governor Jenniffer Gonzalez presented a package of measures that would extend Act 60 benefits through 2055, but also require new applicants for the incentives to pay 4% on capital gains. By contrast, cryptocurrency holders on the U.S. mainland might pay as much as 20% and 37% on long-term and short-term capital gains, respectively, according to Velazquez’s office. 

Crypto boosters say the tax breaks are drawing high net-worth individuals with fintech expertise to the struggling island. Among those who call Puerto Rico home are Dan Morehead, the founder of Pantera Capital, a crypto-focused investment firm; crypto evangelist Brock Pierce; and YouTube celebrity and sometime digital-asset promoter Jake Paul.

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Accounting

IRS paints a strong picture from fiscal 2024 in annual Data Book

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IRS headquarters

Bloomberg via Getty Images

Amid the agency’s turmoil this year, the Internal Revenue Service has some good news from 2024 regarding service and collections.

The agency helped taxpayers on 62.2 million occasions in FY24, up 3.2% over the prior fiscal year, and took in a new high in revenue, according to its latest annual Data Book detailing agency activities from Oct. 1, 2023, to last Sept. 30.

IRS toll-free customer service lines provided live telephone assistance to almost 20 million callers during the fiscal year, up some 11% from 2023. At Taxpayer Assistance Centers, the agency helped more than 2 million taxpayers in person, an increase of almost 26% over FY2023.

For the first time, revenue collected exceeded $5 trillion ($5.1 trillion), an increase of almost 9% compared to the prior fiscal year total.

The Data Book gives a fiscal year overview of the agency’s operations, including returns received, revenue collected, taxpayer services provided, tax returns examined (audits), efforts to collect unpaid taxes and other details. Among other FY24 highlights, the IRS:

  • Launched more digital tools than it had during the previous 20 years. Online offerings saw more than 2 billion electronic taxpayer assistance transactions, 47% more than in FY23. The most popular features were requests for transcripts and Where’s My Refund? Overall, IRS.gov registered nearly 690 million individual visits with 1.7 billion page views.
  • Processed more than 266 million returns and other forms from individuals, businesses and tax-exempt organizations; received almost 4.6 billion information returns; and issued close to $553 billion in refunds.
  • Closed 505,514 tax return audits, resulting in $29 billion in recommended additional tax.

The net collections — federal taxes that have been reported or assessed but not paid and returns that have not been filed — totaled almost $77.6 billion, an increase of 13.6% compared to FY23. The agency collected more than $16 billion through installment agreements, an increase of more than 12% compared to the prior fiscal year.
The Data Book also covers statistics on Direct File, taxpayer attitude surveys about satisfaction with the IRS and “acceptable” levels of cheating on taxes, and applications for tax-exempt status, among other topics.

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Accounting

Total college enrollment rose 3.2%

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Total postsecondary spring enrollment grew 3.2% year-over-year, according to a report.

The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center published the latest edition of its Current Term Enrollment Estimates series, which provides final enrollment estimates for the fall and spring terms.

The report found that undergraduate enrollment grew 3.5% and reached 15.3 million students, but remains below pre-pandemic levels (378,000 less students). Graduate enrollment also increased to 7.2%, higher than in 2020 (209,000 more students).

Graduation photo

(Read more: Undergraduate accounting enrollment rose 12%)

Community colleges saw the largest growth in enrollment (5.4%), and enrollment increased for all undergraduate credential types. Bachelor’s and associate programs grew 2.1% and 6.3%, respectively, but remain below pre-pandemic levels. 

Most ethnoracial groups saw increases in enrollment this spring, with Black and multiracial undergraduate students seeing the largest growth (10.3% and 8.5%, respectively). The number of undergraduate students in their twenties also increased. Enrollment of students between the ages of 21 and 24 grew 3.2%, and enrollment for students between 25 and 29 grew 5.9%.

For the third consecutive year, high vocational public two-years had substantial growth in enrollment, increasing 11.7% from 2023 to 2024. Enrollment at these trade-focused institutions have increased nearly 20% since pre-pandemic levels.

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Accounting

Interim guidance from the IRS simplifies corporate AMT

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Jordan Vonderhaar/Photographer: Jordan Vonderhaar/

The Internal Revenue Service has released Notice 2025-27, which provides interim guidance on an optional simplified method for determining an applicable corporation for the corporate alternative minimum tax.

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 amended Sec. 55 to impose the CAMT based on the “adjusted financial statement income” of an “applicable corporation” for taxable years beginning in 2023. 

Among other details, proposed regs provide that “applicable corporation” means any corporation (other than an S corp, a regulated investment company or a REIT) that meets either of two average annual AFSI tests depending on financial statement net operating losses for three taxable years and whether the corporation is a member of a foreign-parented multinational group.

Prior to the publication of any final regulations relating to the CAMT, the Treasury and the IRS will issue a notice of proposed rulemaking. Notice 2025-27 will be in IRB: 2025-26, dated June 23.

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