This edition of Generational Viewpoints features two professionals from BSB CPAs + Business Advisors, a 55-employee firm located in Fairfax, Virginia. We asked baby boomer managing partner Debbie Harris, born in 1963, and millennial audit partner Kevin Hamaker, born in 1987, to share their perspectives on the following question:
“What differences have you noticed in the perspectives or motivators of your interns and new hires that likely represent the oldest Gen Zs? How are you adapting or adjusting to those differences?
Deborah Harris
Harris’ boomer viewpoint
I have been in this business for many years, and so much of my work history has been steeped in traditional accounting firm mindsets. The events of the past few years have forced a change in our thinking. We are all fighting over a reduced number of accounting candidates, and to remain competitive, we need to listen and adapt to the new environment. I am pleased that we have seen so many positive changes in our firm by implementing the ideas of our youngest team members.
Gen Z feels more independent to us than earlier starting classes. They know what they want and how to go about getting it. They want to feel valued, expect greater work/life balance and flexibility, they embrace technology, and want to be part of a culture that allows them to thrive.
We recognized that our Gen Z team members place great importance on feeling valued, respected and included. We have multiple committees and invite the staff to participate in the ones that interest them. Most notable is our marketing committee, where we have started to deploy TikTok content. Our Gen Zs prepare and post many videos on TikTok as well as our other social media sites. They have also contributed to many changes in our recruiting efforts. We are now using Hubs at our events and have more relevant recruiting materials.
The changes that they have brought forward have helped us implement a recruiting program that is interesting and applicable to prospective interns and first-year team members. They have a great time generating these ideas and feel they are truly contributing to our team. Gone are the days of the partners sitting in a room producing the content to tell our story — it’s being told in a more impactful way by our people.
Gen Zs value flexibility and work-life balance. The movement for work-life balance has actually been around for some time now, but I believe that Gen Z has helped to bring the value of flexibility to the forefront. Since embracing the remote work environment, the mindset has slowly shifted from believing staff were more productive while in the office to recognizing we are successfully working from anywhere. We have also become more flexible with our schedules. A few years ago, we would ask the staff to work crazy hours during busy season, and it was expected of all staff. We can no longer expect that and have had to look at our business processes to help ensure that balance and flexibility are available to all. We are selective when taking on new clients and make sure our existing clients are a good fit.
Gen Zs embrace technology in the workplace. They are not afraid to try anything new and they are able to quickly adopt new software. They have become a valuable resource for some of our more experienced staff members. More important, they want to see the firm staying current and investing in our digital strategy. Our firm has tried multiple new programs this year and our younger staff have been a big part of this. Recently, we implemented digital business cards and I relied on the staff to help set up my account and my profile, and teach me what I needed to know about the program.
It has been challenging to let go of some of the traditional business model constructs to allow for more creativity and involvement by our team members. Still, I believe the Gen Z influence has added valuable perspective, helped change the way we work, and become an important part of our team.
Kevin Hamaker
Hamaker’s Millennial viewpoint
Gen Z has changed our firm for the better. In some respects, the pandemic took the fun out of our profession and Gen Z is bringing it back. They have fresh ideas, are not afraid to participate or help, and they keep us “hip.” In my opinion, this generation has been a much-needed breath of fresh air.
Gen Z grew up in the age of technology, and due to the pandemic, were forced to learn remotely. They embrace digital communication, have high expectations when it comes to technology implementation, and know how to use the technology that is available to them. As a result, this new generation opens our profession to more possibilities. They understand the remote work environment, do not need as much “in-person” learning and training, and know how to quickly adapt to new technologies.
Gen Zs are a very confident generation. Our interns and new hires come in believing they have a greater knowledge of the profession than might be possible for their experience. This summer, several of our interns were shocked at how much they didn’t know coming into the internship program, and exposure to “real” accounting was an eye-opener that many of them needed. During our internship, we made a concerted effort to have them perform client-facing work so they could truly experience the profession. A motivating factor of Gen Z is that they want to feel they are actually contributing, so providing them real work gives them an opportunity to feel included and be part of the bigger picture.
I am a Millennial, and Gen X and Baby Boomers thought we didn’t work as hard and that we overvalued work-life balance. I believe Millennials value work-life balance; however, Gen Z is more committed to this balance than even we are. They hold firm to this belief and will not waver. We offer a completely flexible work environment, and this allows them to balance their time between work and life. Their joys outside of work are important to them, so they are important to us, too. Offering the anytime and anyplace work environment allows them to focus on life, too.
This past year, we offered remote and hybrid internships. This allowed our interns to have the flexibility and work-life balance that is available to the rest of our team. Initially, there was pushback from the more experienced members of our firm. They believed that you could not have inexperienced staff or interns learn in a remote environment while staying focused. I knew this was false, as Gen Z had already performed in this environment in school. I knew our internship program would be successful and it was. Our firm benefited greatly from this success and we were able to extend our reach for talent nationally, even though we are located in the Washington, D.C., area.
Another Gen Z motivating factor is recognition. If they are doing a good job, they want and need to receive this feedback. This contributes to their self-worth and they gain confidence that they are a valuable member of our team. Personally, I have been making a more concerted effort to recognize them. Recognizing that they add value can be done in other ways, as well. Our firm does a great job of providing opportunities to actively include them in various facets of the business. If you want new and innovative ideas, they are a great resource to have. We have put Gen Zs in charge of our firm’s social media team and other marketing initiatives. They have produced great content, and having the older generations get involved with TikTok has brought fun to our firm, and made recruiting very successful. These TikTok videos allow us to be more relatable to our Gen Z recruits because our Gen Z talent is producing the content. It also gives them a chance to brag about our firm’s culture and environment.
We try to get Gen Z involved on the technology front. Gen Z has been instrumental in designing our website and implementing the usage of digital business cards. Again, they embrace, appreciate and use technology in ways that older generations haven’t.
As a profession we must welcome Gen Z with open arms and realize they will make us and the world a better place.
This column is facilitated and edited by Caroline Ready, the millennial marketing and sales coordinator, and Jennifer Wilson, the Baby Boomer co-founder and partner, of ConvergenceCoaching LLC, a leadership and management consulting and coaching firm that helps leaders achieve success. To have your firm’s generational viewpoints considered for a future Accounting Tomorrow column, e-mail them at [email protected].
As corporate accounting departments cross the threshold into late July 2026, the adoption of continuous, automated auditing systems has reached a definitive turning point. Driven by advances in artificial intelligence and deep integration with modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) platforms, leading finance organizations are moving away from traditional, periodic post-hoc audits in favor of real-time, 100% transactional verification. This technological transition is redefining internal control environments, reducing compliance costs, and eliminating the structural delays inherent in legacy quarterly closing processes.
Unlike traditional auditing frameworks that rely on statistical sampling—a process that inevitably leaves operational blind spots—continuous auditing software monitors operational data feeds continuously. Every purchase order, electronic invoice, payroll disbursement, and cross-border wire transfer is automatically cross-referenced against established corporate governance parameters, regulatory tax schedules, and anti-fraud algorithms in real time. Anomalies or unauthorized ledger entries are flagged instantly, allowing internal audit teams to investigate and remediate compliance gaps immediately rather than months after the close of a financial period.
The implications for executive financial management are far-reaching. By embedding continuous verification directly into daily transaction workflows, chief financial officers gain uninterrupted visibility into the organization’s true financial standing. Real-time balance sheet auditing eliminates the severe operational bottlenecks associated with month-end and quarter-end financial reconciliations, freeing accounting professionals to focus on strategic financial modeling, tax planning, and capital allocation rather than manual data entry and spreadsheet consolidation.
However, implementing continuous auditing requires accounting leadership to invest heavily in data governance and technical upskilling. Internal audit teams must evolve from manual ledger reviewers into system architects capable of auditing complex algorithms and validating automated data pipelines. Accounting firms and corporate controllers that master continuous auditing will establish a resilient compliance framework capable of meeting stringent international regulatory standards with total transparency.
WASHINGTON — In a major escalation of cross-border trade friction, U.S. President Donald Trump has signed executive orders imposing new 50% tariffs on a wide selection of Canadian exports, citing discriminatory practices by Ottawa targeting American auto, dairy, and beverage industries.
The new duties, announced Monday, will take effect in 30 days. They target a broad spectrum of consumer and industrial goods—ranging from wine, liquor, and milk products to commercial cement, furniture, clothing, and hockey equipment.
Untested Legal Mechanism
To enact the sweeping measures, the administration invoked Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930—a rarely used legal provision allowing the executive branch to levy additional tariffs of up to 50% on foreign nations deemed to discriminate against U.S. commerce.
White House officials noted that Section 338 addresses trade discrimination rather than national security or economic emergencies. The move comes months after prior global emergency tariffs faced legal challenges in domestic courts, signaling Washington’s pivot toward alternate statutory authorities to maintain import duties.
Senior administration officials briefed reporters that the measure directly responds to Canadian provincial bans on U.S. alcohol, restrictions on American vehicle exports, and import quota disparities affecting U.S. dairy and cheese producers relative to third-party trading partners.
“While the administration continues to secure reciprocal trade agreements globally, Canada retaliated against efforts to protect domestic industry,” U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer stated.
USMCA Impact and Carve-Outs
Significantly, the newly ordered 50% duties will apply to designated items even if they otherwise comply with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA).
However, the administration confirmed key targeted exemptions:
Energy products (including oil and natural gas)
Potash and critical minerals
Fish and seafood
Goods already governed by sector-specific duties (such as existing steel and aluminum tariffs)
Administration representatives emphasized that the tariffs do not stem from recent disputes concerning drifting Canadian wildfire smoke, noting that policy options regarding environmental spillover remain under separate review.
Canadian Response and Market Reaction
Following the White House announcement, the Canadian dollar experienced a sharp decline against the U.S. dollar, falling approximately 0.4% during evening trading.
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney issued a statement emphasizing that Canada’s earlier counter-duties had merely matched previous U.S. trade actions. “Canada stands ready to engage intensively to address outstanding issues with the U.S. to the mutual benefit of our citizens,” Carney stated, pointing to detailed proposals Ottawa submitted to modernize the USMCA framework.
Ontario Premier Doug Ford took a firmer stance, urging a “dollar-for-dollar” reciprocal response if the measures go into effect on August 19.
With a 30-day implementation window before the duties officially lock in, industry associations and trade groups on both sides of the border are calling for urgent bilateral negotiations to avert further supply chain disruption across North America.
The traditional accounting paradigm—defined by periodic monthly closures and post-hoc annual audits—is rapidly giving way to continuous, automated financial oversight. As of July 2026, forward-thinking accounting practices and multinational corporate finance departments are leveraging continuous auditing systems powered by advanced machine learning models. These systems monitor operational transactions in real time, shifting audit methodologies from sample-based post-analysis to absolute, 100% transaction-level verification.
The operational advantages of continuous auditing are transformative. Standard auditing procedures historically relied on statistical sampling, which, despite rigorous methodology, inherently left gaps where anomalies or fraudulent transactions could go undetected for months. Modern continuous auditing platforms integrate directly with enterprise resource planning (ERP) databases, instantly cross-referencing purchase orders, invoices, bank feeds, and tax records. Any deviation from established control parameters or unusual transaction behavior triggers immediate flags for internal audit teams, dramatically reducing detection lag from quarters to seconds.
Beyond fraud prevention, continuous auditing fundamentally alters internal reporting and decision-making. Executive leadership no longer has to wait weeks after the close of a quarter to evaluate precise financial standing; real-time verified ledger data provides an uninterrupted view of operating margins, tax liabilities, and cash flow dynamics. This real-time visibility enables corporate controllers to adjust capital allocation strategies dynamically, mitigating liquidity constraints and capitalizing on emerging commercial opportunities far more efficiently than competitors bound to legacy reporting cycles.
However, implementing continuous auditing requires accounting professionals to acquire new analytical capabilities. The role of the auditor is evolving from manual data reconciliation toward system validation, algorithmic model governance, and strategic risk interpretation. Accounting firms and corporate finance departments must invest in continuous technical education, ensuring that audit staff possess the data engineering skills necessary to design, maintain, and evaluate complex automated compliance systems.