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German finance minister warns of retaliation if U.S. kicks off trade war

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Christian Lindner, Germany’s finance minister, during a meeting Janet Yellen, US treasury secretary, not pictured, at the annual meetings of the IMF and World Bank in Washington, DC, US, on Thursday, Oct. 24, 2024.

Ting Shen | Bloomberg | Getty Images

German Finance Minister Christian Lindner on Friday warned that if the U.S. kicked off a trade war with the European Union, there could be retaliation.

“Trade controversy sees never winners, only losers,” Lindner told CNBC’s Karen Tso on the sidelines of the International Monetary Fund’s annual meeting in Washington, D.C.

What U.S. trade policy could look like if Donald Trump were elected as president is a key issue, Lindner suggested. “In that case we need diplomatic efforts to convince whoever enters the White House that it’s not in the best interest of the U.S. to have a trade conflict with [the] European Union. We would have to consider retaliation,” he said. Lindner belongs to the pro-business Free Democratic Party which is currently in coalition with Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s Social Democratic Party.

The U.S.’ problem with trading lies with China rather than the EU, Lindner said, adding that the EU “should not become a negative side effect” of controversy between the U.S. and China.

Trump has floated the idea that, if he were elected, blanket tariffs of 10% to 20% could be imposed on almost all imports, no matter where they came from.

If such a 20% tariff were implemented by the U.S., the EU’s and Germany’s gross domestic product would fall in the coming years, Reuters reported Thursday citing a study by German economic institute IW. Trade is one of the main pillars of the German economy, suggesting heightened tensions, uncertainty and tariffs would hit the country harder than others.

Earlier this month, the German statistics office Destatis said that the U.S.’ importance as a trading partner for Germany has been growing. The agency said that since 2021, the U.S. had been the second most important trade partner for Germany behind China, but in the first half of 2024, foreign trade turnover with the U.S. was higher than that with China. In 2023, around 9.9% of German exports went to the U.S., according to Destatis.

Trade tensions between the U.S. and China, and the EU and China, have been rising throughout the year. Both the U.S. and EU have implemented higher tariffs and on some goods imported from China, citing unfair trade practices.

China in turn has also announced higher temporary tariffs on some imports from the EU. Several probes and investigations into one another’s competition, subsidy, and other practices are also ongoing as the tit-for-tat measures continue.

Trade tariffs escalating would be 'costly for everybody,' IMF's Gopinath says

After the EU voted to impose tariffs on Chinese-made electric vehicles, Germany’s Lindner urged the Union not to start a trade war. Germany had previously advocated against higher duties, raising concerns about what they could mean for the country’s struggling carmakers.

Earlier in the week, Gita Gopinath, deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, told CNBC that an escalation of trade and tariffs tensions between the U.S. and China would be “costly for everybody.”

Economics

At the state level, democracy in America is fracturing

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The residents of Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia share a border, a downtown and even a Nascar speedway. But thanks to the quirks of American federalism, the 27,800 Bristolians who live in the Volunteer State reside in America’s least democratic state, while their 16,800 neighbors to the north live in one of the most democratic.

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BOI Reporting and the impact of the recent Federal Injunction

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The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is a legislative measure designed to enhance financial transparency

The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is a legislative measure designed to enhance financial transparency and mitigate risks such as money laundering, terrorist financing, and other illicit financial activities. The CTA aims to close loopholes and create a fairer business environment by requiring certain entities to disclose their beneficial ownership information. However, recent legal developments have temporarily impacted compliance requirements, bringing attention to the act’s ongoing litigation and implementation.

Federal Court Decision and Its Implications

On December 3, 2024, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued a preliminary injunction in the case of Texas Top Cop Shop, Inc., et al. v. Garland, et al. (No. 4:24-cv-00478). This injunction temporarily halts the enforcement of the CTA, specifically its beneficial ownership reporting requirements. Additionally, the court order stays all deadlines for compliance.

As a result, reporting companies are currently not obligated to submit beneficial ownership information (BOI) reports to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). During the injunction, these entities are also shielded from liability for non-compliance with CTA mandates.

Despite this pause, FinCEN has clarified that companies may still voluntarily submit their BOI reports. This voluntary reporting option remains available for businesses that wish to align with the CTA’s transparency goals.

Overview of the Corporate Transparency Act

The CTA mandates that certain entities provide information about their beneficial owners—individuals who own or control a business. The act is intended to increase transparency, enhance national security, and reduce the anonymity that can facilitate financial crimes.

While the CTA has garnered support for its objectives, it has also faced legal challenges questioning its constitutionality. Courts in different jurisdictions have issued varying rulings, with some upholding the law and others granting temporary injunctions. For example, district courts in Virginia and Oregon have ruled in favor of the Department of the Treasury, asserting the CTA’s alignment with constitutional principles.

Compliance During the Injunction

Currently, the federal injunction exempts businesses from mandatory BOI filing requirements nationwide. This temporary halt will remain in place until further developments, such as a decision by an appellate court or a reversal of the injunction.

In response to the ruling, the Department of Justice, representing the Department of the Treasury, has filed an appeal. While the case proceeds through the legal system, FinCEN has confirmed its compliance with the court order.

Looking Ahead

The legal proceedings surrounding the CTA highlight the evolving nature of financial regulation. As courts continue to deliberate, businesses should monitor updates to remain informed about their obligations. By staying informed and prepared, businesses can effectively manage their compliance responsibilities and contribute to efforts that promote financial integrity and transparency.

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Economics

After a chaotic scramble, Congress strikes a budget deal

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Donald Trump is the most powerful Republican politician in a generation, but the president-elect is still no match for the most nihilistic members of his own party. The budget chaos that unfolded on Capitol Hill as the Christmas break approached is only a preview of the difficult realities Mr Trump will face when he starts to govern next month.

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