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Government shutdown delays student loan forgiveness lawsuit

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Workers walk through the crypt of the US Capitol in Washington, DC, US, on Wednesday, Oct. 8, 2025.

Valerie Plesch | Bloomberg | Getty Images

With a union lawsuit against the Trump administration on hold during the government shutdown, borrowers’ wait times for student loan forgiveness may get even longer.

The American Federation of Teachers’ legal challenge against Trump officials will be stayed until Congress restores appropriations to the U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. District Judge Reggie Walton said in an Oct. 4 filing. The government shuttered on Oct. 1 after Democrats and Republicans failed to agree on a spending deal.

In its lawsuit, the AFT accused the U.S. Department of Education of denying federal student loan borrowers their rights to an affordable repayment plan and to the debt forgiveness opportunities mandated in their loan terms.

The stay on the union’s legal challenge could further prolong the long wait times borrowers are already facing, consumer advocates say. What’s more, a law shielding student loan forgiveness from taxation expires at the end of 2025, meaning borrowers who get the relief after that point may be hit with a bill from the IRS.

“We are very concerned that, without judicial intervention, borrowers will not get their cancellation processed this tax year and could potentially incur thousands of dollars of tax liability,” said Persis Yu, deputy executive director and managing counsel at Protect Borrowers, which is serving as AFT’s counsel.

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The Education Department requested the stay earlier this month, in part because its Justice Department attorneys are prohibited from working during the government shutdown. The plaintiffs did not oppose the request.

“However, if the shutdown does not resolve before Friday, we reserved the right to request that [the] briefing resume,” Yu said.

The Education Department did not respond to a request for comment on the loan forgiveness actions. A CNBC reporter’s email to a spokesperson at the agency was met with an automated message, saying, “I will respond to emails once government functions resume.”

Here’s what borrowers need to know about the paused lawsuit.

Lawsuit focuses on borrower backlog

The AFT, a union with some 1.8 million members, filed its lawsuit against the Trump administration in March, accusing officials of blocking borrowers from student loan repayment plans mandated by Congress, as well as a popular loan forgiveness program for government and nonprofit workers. In September, the union amended its complaint to seek class action status.

“Borrowers are unable to access affordable monthly payment plans, some borrowers are being thrust into default on their debt, and some public service workers are being denied their statutory right to lower their monthly payment and earn credit towards Public Service Loan Forgiveness,” the lawsuit said.

As of the end of August, the Education Department had a backlog of 1,076,266 income-driven repayment plan applications, September court records show. That means more than a million people are waiting to get into a new income-driven repayment plan. Those plans cap a borrower’s monthly bill at a share of their income and lead to debt cancellation after a certain period.

Meanwhile, there are more than 74,000 pending applications from borrowers hoping to qualify for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Buyback program. PSLF offers debt forgiveness to certain public servants after a decade.

“The backlog provides evidence that the U.S. Department of Education is not adequately fulfilling the statutory requirements” to offer those relief programs, higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz told CNBC in September.

Clock is ticking for borrowers to avoid tax bill

AFT said in its lawsuit that many of the borrowers in the backlog may already be due for loan forgiveness, but that if the loan discharges occur after December, those borrowers could face a huge tax bill.

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 made student loan forgiveness tax-free at the federal level through the end of 2025. But Trump’s “big beautiful bill” did not extend or make permanent that broader provision.

The tax bill on student loan forgiveness can be substantial.

The average loan balance for borrowers enrolled in an IDR plan is around $57,000, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.

For those in the 22% tax bracket, having that amount forgiven would trigger a tax burden of more than $12,000, Kantrowitz estimates. Lower earners, or those in the 12% tax bracket, would still owe around $7,000.

The difficulty accessing student loan relief programs comes at a challenging time for borrowers.

More than 5 million people are in default on their federal student loans and another over 4 million are in “late-stage delinquency,” or between 181 and 270 days late on their payments, according to an analysis last month by the Congressional Research Service.

“The effect of the shutdown on student loans is just another blow to college graduates with huge student debt burdens who need access to affordable monthly payment plans,” said AFT President Randi Weingarten. “Each day of delay means more stress, more uncertainty, and more people slipping through the cracks.”

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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