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Here’s the inflation breakdown for August 2025 — in one chart

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Shoppers browse shoes at a store in Los Angeles on Aug. 28, 2025.

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Inflation picked up in August amid higher prices for staples like food and electricity, while tariffs put upward pressure on prices for physical goods like clothing and household furniture, economists said.

The consumer price index, a key inflation gauge, rose 2.9% in August from a year earlier, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Thursday.

That’s an increase from 2.7% in July and the fastest annual pace of inflation since January.

“Inflation is uncomfortably high and it’s accelerating,” said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s. “I think we should expect a further acceleration in inflation over the next six to 12 months.”

Tariffs contribute to rising goods prices, economists say

The CPI tracks how quickly prices rise or fall for a basket of consumer goods and services, from haircuts to coffee and concert tickets.

Inflation is reigniting largely due to re-inflation for consumer goods, said Sarah House, senior economist at Wells Fargo Economics.

Prices for “core” commodities — which exclude food and energy — rose 1.5% in August from a year earlier, the fastest annual pace since May 2023.

Excluding the pandemic and its aftermath, core commodities haven’t risen that quickly since 2012.

Tariff policies pursued by President Donald Trump appear to be the main contributor to rising inflation for goods, she said.

U.S. entities that import goods from overseas pay the import duties. Companies will ultimately pass at least some of those additional taxes on to consumers, though the process will take many months due to various business strategies to try to blunt the impact, economists said.

“The fact that we’re seeing some of the largest tariffs since the 1940s I think is certainly a part of the pickup in goods prices,” House said.

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The tariff impact has been most noticeable in categories like household furnishings, appliances, apparel and recreational goods, economists said.

Apparel prices, for example, have risen by a relatively muted 0.2% over the past year, according to CPI data. However, their annual inflation rate has jumped sharply in recent months, having climbed for three consecutive months from a recent low of -0.9% in May.

A large share of clothing imported to the U.S. apparel comes from Asian nations where tariffs have risen considerably, Zandi said.

“Tariffs are all over the apparel prices,” Zandi said. “They’ve risen quite strongly the last few months.”

Morris: The Fed has to balance inflation pressures with a weak labor market

President Trump invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to impose many of his sweeping tariffs on trade partners. The Supreme Court will consider the legality of that maneuver during oral arguments in November.

Even if the Trump administration fails in court, there are alternative pathways it can pursue to keep many tariffs in place, economists said.

‘Sticker shock’ for some groceries

Physical goods aren’t the only contributor to rising inflation, however, economists said.

Grocery prices rose by 2.7% in August from a year earlier, up from 2.2% in July and their fastest annual pace since August 2023, according to CPI data.

Tariffs may be playing a role for some foods, as with coffee (much of which is sourced from nations like Brazil and Vietnam, which have high tariff rates) and those for fruits and vegetables coming from Mexico, for example, Zandi said.

Beef, for example, has also caused “sticker shock” for consumers at the meat counter, due to short supply and steady demand, according to a recent report by the Wells Fargo Agri-Food Institute.

“Fruits and vegetables, which climbed the most since January 2020, and meats, poultry, fish, and eggs were the food products where prices rose the most,” Gargi Chaudhuri, chief investment and portfolio strategist for the Americas at BlackRock, wrote Thursday. “Many of these food products were affected by tariffs as the U.S. is a net food importer.”

Services inflation seems ‘stuck’

Meanwhile, disinflation among services has stalled, meaning services likely won’t offer much of a counterbalance against rising goods inflation, House said.

“It’s no longer slowing, is the near-term issue,” House said. “We’re going to be stuck here for a few months at least, we think.”

Electricity prices, for example, are up more than 6% since August 2024, according to CPI data.

That’s due largely to strong demand created by the “explosive growth” of data centers, which use ample electricity, Zandi said.

Travel prices have also picked up. Airline fares increased almost 6% from July to August (up from 4% the prior month), while lodging like hotels and motels rose almost 3%, according to CPI data.

The pickup is likely due to consumer demand, House said. Consumers concerned about the economy and federal job cuts in the first half of the year pulled back on travel purchases out of caution, she said.

However, there are some downward inflationary pressures, too, economists said.

Lee: Unless the world falls apart, the cut is nearly a certainty

The labor market has cooled significantly, which puts downward pressure on wage growth as workers lose their bargaining power, for example, economists said. Businesses may therefore feel less need to increase prices for consumers if their labor costs aren’t rising quickly.

The Federal Reserve is expected to cut interest rates at its upcoming policy meeting next week to help prop up the faltering job market, but that risks keeping inflation elevated, economists said.

“They have no good choices here,” Zandi said. “The best course is to cut rates to keep the economy from falling apart, but risks inflation being more entrenched.”

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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