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Higher SALT deduction relieves homeowners, adds to national debt

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President Donald Trump‘s “big beautiful bill” raised the state and local tax deduction, known as SALT, to $40,000 for 2025. The change comes less than a decade after a cap was placed on this tax break for the first time in its history.

Taxpayers who itemize tax breaks can claim the SALT deduction, which includes state and local income taxes and property taxes. Trump’s 2017 legislation capped SALT at $10,000. Prior to 2018, the deduction was unlimited — but curbed by the alternative minimum tax for some wealthier households.

“This was in effect for over 100 years prior to the 2017 passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act,” said Rep. Mike Lawler, R-N.Y., who led the push on Capitol Hill for the higher cap. 

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Congress introduced an unlimited state and local tax deduction in 1913. Lawmakers’ goal: cut down on what some consider double taxation.

But when Republicans needed ways to pay for other tax breaks in the 2017 bill, they homed in on capping the state and local deductions, arguing they primarily benefited wealthier Americans in high-cost-of-living areas.

Who benefits from a higher SALT cap

Households making $1 million or more would receive half of the benefit if the SALT cap were repealed, according to a 2021 report from the Tax Policy Center.

But data shows less wealthy families stand to save from the higher cap, too, especially those in high-cost-of-living areas outside major cities.

In 2022, the average SALT deduction was close to $10,000 in states such as Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, California and Massachusetts, according to a Bipartisan Policy Center analysis with the latest IRS data. Those high averages indicate “that a large portion of taxpayers claiming the deduction bumped up against the $10,000 cap,” researchers wrote.

Meanwhile, the states and district with the highest share of SALT claimants were Washington, D.C., Maryland, California, Utah and Virginia, the analysis found.

Higher property taxes are also putting pressure on many homeowners. The national median annual property tax increased 23% between 2019 and 2023, according to the National Association of Realtors.

State and local taxes are crucial for funding public services. In 2022, New York state and local governments spent $15,368 per person. That year, the state levied $12,751 in tax per person, according to the Citizens Budget Committee of New York.

“That took care of roads, bridges, school districts,” said Westchester County Executive Ken Jenkins. Westchester County in New York has some of the highest property tax bills in the country.

Raising the cap on deductions ultimately reduces the amount of revenue the federal government takes in. 

This adds to the national deficit, which stands at $1.628 trillion in fiscal year 2025, according to the Treasury Department.

The higher SALT cap is expected to increase the national debt by over $142 billion over 10 years, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation. The Tax Foundation estimates that the heightened cap would cost about $320 billion compared to an extension of the existing cap.

Watch the video above to learn more about why Congress raised the SALT cap this summer.

CNBC personal finance reporter Kate Dore contributed reporting to this story.

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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