Artificial intelligence is poised to disrupt the job market — but some workers are in the crosshairs more than others, according to labor experts.
Roughly 1 in 4 (or, 26%) of the jobs posted on career site Indeed over the past year are poised to “radically transform” due to generative artificial intelligence, also known as gen AI, according to a September report by Indeed.
Gen AI — examples of which include OpenAI’s Chat GPT and Google’s Gemini — mimics human brainpower by creating original content like text, images, video, audio or software code from a user prompt.
Industries in which gen AI can supplant a human’s cognitive reasoning skills — like certain jobs in technology and finance — are most at risk, said Laura Ullrich, director of economic research for North America at Indeed.
“The jobs that are more likely to have a high degree of transformation are white-collar jobs,” Ullrich said.
By contrast, certain roles like nursing and blue-collar jobs in manufacturing or construction are more insulated, Ullrich said.
That’s because occupations that rely more heavily on physical labor or human interaction remain outside the current scope of generative AI, at least for now, according to the Indeed report.
Jobs in “higher-paying fields where a college education and analytical skills can be a plus”are most exposed to artificial intelligence, according to a 2023 Pew Research Center study. Budget analysts, data entry keyers, tax preparers, technical writers and web developers are examples of such jobs, it found.
Overall, 19% of American workers in 2022 were in jobs that are the “most exposed to AI,” whereby their most important activities may be replaced or assisted by AI, Pew found.
Agentic AI may affect even more roles
AI job market effects remain ‘largely speculative’
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Already, some companies have hinted at workforce cuts because of AI.
“I’ve reduced it from 9,000 heads to about 5,000, because I need less heads,” Benioff said at the time.
However, economists note that the extent of change is minimal at this point.
Despite widespread anxiety over the effects of AI on today’s labor market, such worries remain “largely speculative,” according to an Oct. 1 report by the Yale University Budget Lab.
“Overall, our metrics indicate that the broader labor market has not experienced a discernible disruption since ChatGPT’s release 33 months ago, undercutting fears that AI automation is currently eroding the demand for cognitive labor across the economy,” the researchers wrote.
The technology also has some flaws, experts said. For example, AI can still hallucinate and produce inaccurate work, they said.
So far, gen AI has had limited impact in terms of fully displacing certain skills, Indeed found.
The technology is “very likely” to fully replace just 19 job-related skills — or 0.7% of the roughly 2,900 skills Indeed analyzed. These include basic math, prompt engineering and image classification, for example, it said.
This analysis only measures the technology’s “transformational potential” — in other words, if all businesses were to fully integrate the technology into their workflows, according to Indeed.
But many businesses aren’t there yet, it said.
Augmentation, or automation?
A big debate over the job market effect of AI comes down to augmentation versus automation, said Toubia: “Is AI going to automate your job and make you obsolete, or is it going to augment your job and make you more productive?”
That answer may vary by industry. For instance, some companies may decide to completely automate their customer service or call centers with agentic AI. On the other hand, a human programmer may use AI to write and produce lines of code, boosting their productivity.
Most industries so far are using AI in such a “hybrid” capacity, in which humans and AI co-exist, said Indeed’s Ullrich.
Almost half — 46% — of skills in a typical U.S. job posting are poised for this hybrid transformation by gen AI, according to Indeed. In this state, human oversight is essential and AI can perform a significant chunk of routine tasks, it said.
About 64% of small businesses are using or piloting AI tools to varying degrees, according to a survey by Homebase, which polled 828 “decision-makers” between May and June.
Going forward, most jobs — 54% — are likely to be “moderately” transformed by generative AI, depending on how quickly businesses adopt the technology, according to the Indeed report.
While experts agree that it’s difficult to predict what the future holds, it’s possible that a potential long-term effect from AI is the creation of new jobs and industries that do not exist yet, said Toubia.
Overall, it’s important to start finding ways to interact with AI in productive ways, he said. If you completely ignore the technology, you may “end up being obsolete very quickly,” Toubia said.
The United States Department of State has officially implemented a revised visa policy introducing a mandatory posting requirement for caution payments of up to $20,000 on select foreign travel applications. Under the updated regulatory framework, consular officials are authorized to require temporary nonimmigrant visa applicants from targeted foreign countries to post a refundable financial bond of $20,000 as a condition for visa issuance. The policy mechanism is designed to address diplomatic concerns regarding high overstay rates among temporary visitor, business, and educational visa categories.
The caution bond pilot program applies selectively to foreign nationals from designated countries whose diplomatic entities record historical visa overstay rates exceeding established federal thresholds. Under administrative guidelines published by the State Department, the full financial deposit is posted directly to a dedicated federal escrow account prior to final visa issuance. The entire caution payment is automatically refunded to the applicant upon verified proof of timely departure from the United States in strict compliance with the authorized duration of stay. Conversely, failure to depart within the legal timeframe results in full forfeiture of the posted financial bond to the United States government.
Diplomatic representatives and travel policy experts have expressed varying perspectives regarding the operational implementation of the caution bond system. Administration officials emphasize that the measure serves as an effective, market-based incentive to enforce international travel compliance and preserve domestic immigration security standards. However, international trade organizations and foreign diplomatic missions have raised concerns regarding the financial burden imposed on legitimate business travelers, foreign students, and commercial partners from developing nations.
The United States finalized the rule to make the temporary visa bond program permanent, taking effect on August 3, 2026. The updated permanent regulation replaces the prior 12-month pilot, eliminates the lowest $5,000 tier, and raises the maximum required bond amount to $20,000 for specific B-1/B-2 business and tourist visa applicants.
Here is the list of the 50 countries on the list as o August 3, 2026
Retirement planning strategies are evolving in 2026 to address increased life expectancies, shifting dynamic market conditions, and the transition away from traditional defined-benefit pensions. Individual investors and financial advisors are abandoning rigid retirement models in favor of flexible, multi-asset strategies designed to mitigate longevity risk and preserve purchasing power over multi-decade retirement horizons.
Mitigating Longevity Risk with Dynamic Asset Allocation
As average life expectancies extend past eighty-five years, one of the primary financial risks facing retirees is outliving their accumulated wealth. Traditional fixed income allocations—such as the standard 60/40 equity-to-bond portfolio—are being reevaluated to ensure portfolios generate sufficient capital growth alongside reliable income.
Financial planners recommend maintaining a meaningful equity allocation throughout retirement to offset long-term inflation erosion. High-dividend equity funds, global real estate investment trusts (REITs), and inflation-indexed Treasuries are combined to create diversified portfolios that deliver both growth and income stability.
The Transition to Dynamic Withdrawal Strategies
The classic “4% safe withdrawal rule” is increasingly replaced by dynamic withdrawal strategies that adapt annually based on market performance. Under a dynamic withdrawal framework, retirees adjust their annual distribution rates within pre-set caps and floors:
– Market Upside: During strong market returns, retirees can increase discretionary spending or fund family legacy gifts.
– Market Downturns: During market pullbacks, spending distributions are temporarily reduced to prevent sequence-of-returns risk and preserve core investment principal.
Guaranteed Lifetime Income Options and Deferred Annuities
To establish a guaranteed baseline for essential living expenses, individuals are incorporating modern fixed-indexed and deferred longevity annuities into their broader retirement architectures. Modern annuity structures offer competitive return caps, transparent fee schedules, and inflation-adjustment options.
By funding essential expenses—such as housing, healthcare, and insurance—with guaranteed income streams from Social Security, pensions, and annuities, retirees can manage discretionary investment portfolios with greater flexibility and lower emotional stress during market volatility.
Actionable Steps for Future Retirees
1. Calculate Baseline Retirement Expenses: Determine fixed living costs and map guaranteed income sources to cover essential expenditures.
2. Adopt Flexible Withdrawal Rules: Implement dynamic spending rules to protect investment principal against market downturns.
3. Incorporate Inflation-Protected Assets: Maintain exposure to dividend-growing equities and inflation-indexed bonds to safeguard long-term purchasing power.
As the largest intergenerational transfer of wealth in history accelerates, high-net-worth families, entrepreneurs, and individual investors are placing heightened emphasis on comprehensive estate planning, family governance, and asset protection. Preserving capital across generations requires a balanced approach combining tax-efficient legal structures with open family communication and financial literacy education.
Optimizing Estate Tax Exemptions and Trust Structures
With potential modifications to federal estate tax exemption thresholds on the horizon, proactive estate planning is essential for high-net-worth households. Estate planning attorneys and wealth advisors are establishing multi-generational trust structures to transfer wealth efficiently while minimizing estate and gift tax exposure.
Popular structural strategies include:
– Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts (ILITs): Utilizing life insurance proceeds to provide liquidity for estate tax obligations without expanding the taxable estate.
– Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs): Transferring rapidly appreciating assets to beneficiaries with minimal gift tax consequences.
– Dynasty Trusts: Preserving wealth across multiple generations while providing long-term asset protection from creditor claims and legal liabilities.
Establishing Family Governance and Financial Education
Legal and financial structures alone cannot guarantee long-term wealth preservation without effective family governance. Financial advisors report that a significant percentage of multi-generational wealth dissipation stems from lack of communication and inadequate financial preparation among heir generations.
Families are establishing formal family governance frameworks, including periodic family meetings, written mission statements, and structured philanthropic foundations. Involving younger family members in charitable grant-making and investment discussions fosters financial stewardship and prepares heirs to manage family assets responsibly.
Digital Asset Custody and Legacy Planning
In today’s modern economy, estate planning must extend beyond physical real estate and traditional brokerage accounts to encompass digital assets. Comprehensive estate plans now include detailed inventories and legal access protocols for corporate domain names, intellectual property, digital media rights, and cryptocurrency holdings.
Fiduciaries and estate executors should be provided with secure, encrypted access mechanisms and clear legal authority to manage and transfer digital holdings in accordance with the owner’s estate directions.
Practical Steps for Legacy Planning
1. Review and Update Estate Documents: Ensure wills, revocable trusts, and power-of-attorney designations accurately reflect current family structures.
2. Establish Structured Trusts: Utilize irrevocable trusts to protect assets from creditors and minimize future estate tax liabilities.
3. Create a Digital Estate Inventory: Document access protocols and legal permissions for all online accounts, intellectual property, and digital assets.