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How to use your flexible spending account balance before it expires

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Some workers with health flexible spending accounts may be on the verge of giving their employers an unintentional gift this holiday season.

Each year, the share of employees who miss the typical Dec. 31 deadline to spend their FSA money and end up forfeiting it to their companies is between 40% and 50%, according to ongoing research from the Employee Benefit Research Institute, which began tracking FSA data in 2019. Although some companies give account holders an extension, most — about two-thirds — employ a use-it-or-lose-it rule.

“People tell us one of the main reasons they forfeit FSA funds is because they aren’t aware that they have a deadline in the first place, or they don’t know how much they have left in their account,” said Rachel Rouleau, chief compliance officer for Health E-Commerce, parent company of FSA Store.

Don’t confuse your FSA with an HSA

The total U.S. health-care expenditure was $4.9 trillion in 2023, according to the most recent data available from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Out-of-pocket spending that year grew 7.2% to $505.7 billion.

As health-care costs have risen over the years — at a rate outpacing overall inflation — FSAs have grown in popularity as a way for workers to set aside pretax money to cover health expenses. Nearly three-quarters — 72% — of state and local government workers and 47% of private-sector workers had access to a health FSA in 2024, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That compares with 60% and 40% in 2015, respectively.

The contribution limit for health FSAs this year is $3,300 and in 2026 will be $3,400.

FSAs are different from health savings accounts, or HSAs, which some people use in conjunction with high-deductible health plans. While both let you set aside pretax money for health care expenses, HSAs do not come with a use-it-or-lose-it provision — you can leave the money in the account as long as you want.

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“People confuse FSAs with HSAs by thinking they are the same thing,” said certified financial planner Bill Shafransky, senior wealth advisor for Moneco Advisors in New Canaan, Connecticut.

Of the FSA owners who forfeited money in 2023, the average amount was $436, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute.

Use remaining FSA funds ‘to your advantage’

If you have an FSA, first check whether your company’s plan year ends on Dec. 31 — most do, but there are some employers whose plan year ends in a different month.

Also, see if your employer offers either a grace period of up to 2.5 extra months to spend your balance on eligible new expenses or allows you to carry over a set amount — up to $660 this year. They cannot provide both options.

Additionally, many employers give you extra time — typically three months after the deadline — to submit receipts for qualifying expenses that occurred during the previous plan year.

For workers without either a grace period or carryover, not all hope is lost, Shafransky said. “Coming into the year-end, use eligible expenses to your advantage,” he said.

For example, the average household spends $1,600 a year on FSA-eligible products, according to FSA Store estimates, Rouleau said.

The list of covered items is lengthy and includes things like cold and allergy medications, acne patches and cleansers, over-the-counter pain medications and menstrual care products, she said. There are also health technology products, including light therapy devices for pain or acne treatment and migraine relief masks.

That’s in addition to doctor and dentist appointments, prescription drugs and other health-care services such as acupuncture and addiction treatment.

If you don’t know if you have money remaining in your FSA or what your company’s rules are, there are ways to find out.

Most plans offer an online portal where you can review your balance, submit claims and check deadlines, Rouleau said. The FSA administrator’s information is typically listed on the back of your FSA card, she said.

“If you’re unsure who your FSA administrator is, your HR department can point you in the right direction,” she said.

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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