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Private equity wants a larger piece of workplace retirement plan assets

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The first Trump administration opened the door to allow private equity into workplace retirement plans. Now, private equity firms are working to play a bigger role in workers’ portfolios, which experts say has potential risks and rewards for investors. 

“It’s a train that’s already been gearing up, and folks are starting to hop on,” said Jonathan Epstein, president of Defined Contribution Alternatives Association, an industry group that advocates for incorporating non-traditional investments into employer-sponsored retirement plans. 

Private equity is part of a broad category of alternative investments can include real estate funds, credit and equity in private, not publicly-traded, firms. Pension funds, insurance companies, sovereign wealth funds and high-net-worth individuals are traditional investors in these private markets.

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The argument from the private equity industry for incorporating such investments in workplace retirement plans is that these investments could give retail investors more diversification away from public markets and a shot at bigger returns. But such investments also raise concerns about liquidity and risk, experts say.

“It’s typically not easy to cash out the assets in a hurry,” said Olivia Mitchell, a professor of business economics and public policy at the University of Pennsylvania, and executive director of the Pension Research Council. “This could be a big challenge for 401(k) plan participants who either simply want to access their money or want to readjust their portfolios as they near and enter retirement.”

Private equity is less than 1% of retirement assets

Defined contribution plans include employer-sponsored retirement savings accounts such as 401(k) plans and 403(b) plans. There are an estimated $12.5 trillion in assets held in these accounts, as of the end of the third quarter in 2024, according to Investment Company Institute.

Private equity makes up less than 1% of those assets. A small number of large employer-sponsored retirement plans offer private equity investments as an alternative investment option within target-date funds or model portfolio funds.

Now, private equity firms like Apollo Global Management, Blackstone and KKR are trying to make inroads into defined contribution plans through new products. Apollo has told its investors that it sees significant opportunities for private equity in retirement and the firm is just getting started.

When private investments are added to retirement solutions, “the results are not just a little bit better, they’re 50% to 100% better,” Marc Rowan, a co-founder and CEO of Apollo, said on the private equity firm’s Feb. 4 earnings call. “Plan sponsors understand this.”

Apollo CEO on retirement investment opportunities

MissionSquare Investments offers private equity investments in retirement plans that it manages for public service employees.

“What we find is there’s an outflow in the public stock and bond [markets] and there’s an inflow into the private markets, but participants can’t get access to private markets,” said Douglas Cote, senior vice president and chief investment officer for MissionSquare Investments and MissionSquare Retirement.

The number of companies backed by private equity firms has grown significantly over the last 20 years as the number of publicly traded companies has declined. About 87% of companies in the U.S. with annual revenues of more than $100 million are now private, with 13% publicly traded, according to the Partners Group, a Swiss-based global private equity firm. 

‘Some plan sponsors are very much against this’

I’ve got all the paperwork here

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The law covering 401(k) plans requires plan sponsors to act as fiduciaries, or in investors’ best interest, by considering the risk of loss and potential gains of investments.

During President Donald Trump’s first term, the Labor Department issued an information letter to plan fiduciaries, telling them that private equity may be part of a “prudent investment mix” in a professionally managed asset allocation fund in a 401(k) plan. The Biden administration took a more cautious approach, warning that these investments aren’t “generally appropriate for a typical 401(k) plan.”

“Some plan sponsors are very much against this initiative to make direct investments to private equity available through the defined contribution plan,” said Bridget Bearden, research and development strategist at the Employee Benefit Research Institute. “They think that it’s pretty illiquid and very risky, and don’t really see the return for it.”

There are four main factors that have plan sponsors taking a conservative approach to private equity. 

1. Complexity and lack of transparency 

Unlike publicly-traded assets, basic information on private equity investments — like what firms are in a fund and what their revenues and losses are — can be challenging to obtain.

“It’s even hard for institutional investors, pension funds, endowments, depending on their capital contribution, it’s hard for them to even get information about some of the books and records,” said Chris Noble, policy director at the Private Equity Stakeholder Project, a nonprofit watchdog organization. “If you want to take advantage of retirement money, you should be subject to the same regulations that public companies are.”

2. Liquidity and valuation 

Private equity investments require longer-term capital commitments, so investors can’t cash out at any time, experts say. Redemptions are limited to certain times. There aren’t open markets to determine the valuation of a fund, either.

3. High fees

Fund managers also have to justify the higher and more complex fees associated with private equity. Exchange-traded and mutual funds collect management fees, while private equity firms can collect both management and performance fees. 

The average ETF carries a 0.51% annual management fee, about half the 1.01% fee of the average mutual fund, according to Morningstar data. Private equity firms typically collect a 2% management fee, plus 20% of the profit.

4. Threat of lawsuits 

Employers have shied away from private equity investments, in part because of fear they could be sued.

“They are concerned about the risk of exposing their employees to downfalls,” said attorney Jerry Schlichter of Schlichter, Bogard & Denton, who pioneered lawsuits on behalf of employees over excessive fees in 401(k) plans. “They’re also concerned about their own inability to fully understand the underlying investments, which they’re required to do as fiduciaries for their employees and retirees.”

But private equity supporters are starting to make an opposing argument, suggesting that plan sponsors who don’t include private assets are harming their participants with greater concentration of public assets and lower returns.

“Lawsuits could go after plan sponsors for not including alternative investments based on their performance track record,” said Epstein of DCALTA. “Even net of fees and net of benchmark returns, private markets have done extremely well over long periods of time.” 

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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