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Student loan forgiveness under Income-Based Repayment plan in trouble

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Workers leave the Department of Education building during a rain shower in Washington, D.C., on Wednesday, May 21, 2025.

Wesley Lapointe | The Washington Post | Getty Images

Recent changes to the federal student loan system have left many borrowers with fewer repayment options. But even one of the remaining plans — known as the Income-Based Repayment plan, or IBR — is proving hard to access.

“Applications are being rejected without clear or logical explanations,” said Carolina Rodriguez, director of the Education Debt Consumer Assistance Program. Rodriguez and her team members work with clients with student loans.

“These ongoing delays continue to erode public trust in the student loan system and are likely to worsen the delinquency and default rates we’re already seeing,” Rodriguez said.

IBR will be one of only a few repayment options left to many borrowers after recent court actions and the passage by Congress of President Donald Trump‘s “big beautiful bill.” That legislation phases out several existing student loan repayment plans.

Here’s what student loan borrowers need to know about the challenges with IBR.

IBR debt forgiveness is still frozen

Over the summer, the U.S. Department of Education announced that it would temporarily stop forgiving the debt of borrowers enrolled in IBR. According to the plan’s terms, IBR concludes in debt erasure after 20 years or 25 years of payments, depending on the age of a borrower’s loans.

The Education Department told CNBC in July that it paused loan forgiveness under IBR while it responds to recent court actions involving the Biden administration-era SAVE, or Saving on a Valuable Education, plan.

The department said that the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals decision in February, which blocked the SAVE plan, had other impacts on student loan repayment. For example, under the rule involving SAVE, certain periods during which borrowers postponed their payments would count toward their forgiveness timeline. With SAVE blocked now, borrowers no longer get credit during those forbearances.

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“The Department has temporarily paused discharges for IBR borrowers in order to correctly count loan forgiveness amounts under a court injunction regarding the Biden Administration’s illegal SAVE repayment plan,” said Ellen Keast, deputy press secretary at the Education Department.

“For any borrower that makes a payment after they became eligible for forgiveness, the Department will refund overpayments when the discharges resume,” Keast said.

Earlier this month, the department wrote on its website that the system changes to IBR could take until “winter 2025.”

“More than enough time has passed for the Department to fix whatever issues were supposedly affecting IBR forgiveness,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz. “That suggests the holdup is intentional.”

The pause puts many student loan borrowers who’ve been in repayment for decades and are now eligible for forgiveness in an especially frustrating bind, Kantrowitz said. IBR is the only income-driven repayment plan still available that leads to loan erasure, he said.

Wrongful IBR denials

When lawmakers phased out several student loan repayment plans over the summer in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, they made a change to IBR aimed at expanding people’s eligibility for the program. Experts say that’s likely because many borrowers would need access to the plan after the other options became defunct or are set to expire.

The change eliminated the former requirement that borrowers prove a partial financial hardship to qualify for IBR. In the past, borrowers needed to show, based on their income, that their monthly IBR payment would be less than their bill on the department’s standard plan.

However, “borrowers are still being rejected due to their income,” said Elaine Rubin, director of corporate communications at Edvisors.

Kantrowitz said the same: “I’ve heard that some borrowers were denied IBR even though the change was supposed to be effective upon enactment on July 4, 2025.”

There are similar accounts in the American Federation of Teacher’s lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Education. The union, which represents some 2 million members, has said the Trump administration is depriving borrowers of their rights.

One plaintiff, who owes approximately $252,659 in federal student loan debt, has been paying for over 25 years, according to a September court filing in the AFT legal challenge. The woman applied for IBR in July but said that she was denied in August “on the grounds that she does not have a ‘partial financial hardship,’ which has not been a requirement for the IBR plan since the enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” the AFT said.

“The Department therefore improperly denied her access to a payment plan for which she is eligible and is withholding loan cancellation,” the union said.

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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