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Student loan repayment plans have changed. What borrowers need to know

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Bevan Goldswain | E+ | Getty Images

Several of the U.S. Department of Education‘s student loan repayment plans have recently changed in major ways — and more new rules are set to go into effect in the coming months.

Plans that used to conclude in student loan forgiveness no longer do, for example, while repayment timelines are getting longer for some borrowers. The Education Department has quietly rolled out some of these developments, with descriptions of the changes on FAQs on its website.

The revisions to the plans’ terms are a result of court actions over the last year or so, as well as the passage of President Donald Trump‘s “big beautiful bill” earlier this summer.

Here’s what to know about the state of repayment plan options for those with federal student loans.

SAVE

The Biden administration rolled out SAVE, or the Saving on a Valuable Education plan, in 2023, promising many borrowers that they’d see their monthly bills drop by half. Nearly 7.7 million people enrolled in SAVE, the Education Department recently said.

SAVE was a new income-driven repayment plan, also called an IDR.

Congress created the first IDR plans in the 1990s with the goal of making student loan borrowers’ bills more affordable. Historically, the plans cap people’s monthly payments at a share of their discretionary income and cancel any remaining debt after a certain period, typically 20 years or 25 years.

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But student loan borrowers never got the promised lower payments under SAVE. Just as many of the SAVE plan’s benefits were going into effect, Republican-led legal challenges blocked the program.

Unlike the Biden administration, Trump officials have not fought in the courts to preserve SAVE, and recently, Congress repealed the plan altogether.

As a result, the SAVE plan is now essentially defunct. Borrowers who enrolled in the plan were placed in a forbearance while the legal challenges played out. While you can remain in that payment pause for now, the Trump administration started charging interest if you do so as of Aug. 1.

“Staying in a forbearance is not wise, as the interest will continue to accrue, digging the borrower into a deeper hole,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.

IBR

The best option for many borrowers looking for another affordable repayment option now that SAVE is unavailable is the Income-Based Repayment plan, or IBR, experts said. IBR is also an income-driven repayment plan.

Under the terms of IBR, borrowers pay 10% of their discretionary income each month — and that share rises to 15% for certain borrowers with older loans.

Debt forgiveness is supposed to come after 20 years or 25 years, depending on when you took out your loans. Older loans are subject to the longer timeline.

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But there have been recent changes to IBR, too.

The Education Department said earlier this summer that it was pausing the loan discharge component on IBR while it responds to court decisions over SAVE. It said those rulings changed which periods count toward loan forgiveness on other plans, too, and that it is working to get updated eligible payment counts for IBR enrollees.

There’s another update to IBR: In the past, student loan borrowers needed to prove “partial financial hardship” to get into the plan, or income below a certain level. That requirement is now waived, the Education Department said.

However, Elaine Rubin, director of corporate communications at Edvisors, said some borrowers are not yet able to take advantage.

“While the partial financial hardship requirement for IBR was removed, borrowers are still being rejected due to their income,” Rubin. “We expect this to change, but it’s unclear when.”

ICR and PAYE

The Income-Contingent Repayment plan, or ICR, no longer concludes in student loan forgiveness, the according to the Education Department website. There is also no debt erasure benefit anymore on PAYE, or the Pay as You Earn plan.

As a result, most experts now say to avoid these plans.

There’s another reason for that, too: The latest spending bill phases out ICR and PAYE as of July 1, 2028.

RAP

Starting on July 1, 2026, millions of borrowers will have access to a new option to pay down their debt, called the Repayment Assistance Plan, or RAP. RAP is an IDR plan, but it’s different from previous ones in several ways.

For one, it doesn’t shield a portion of a borrower’s income like other IDR plans do, but rather calculates their bill based on adjusted gross income. AGI is your total earnings before taxes, minus certain deductions.

The more you earn, the bigger your required payment. Under RAP, monthly payments will typically range from 1% to 10% of your earnings.

There will be a minimum monthly payment of $10 for all borrowers. (Under other IDR plans, certain low-income borrowers were entitled to a $0 monthly payment.)

RAP leads to student loan forgiveness after 30 years, compared with the typical 20-year or 25-year timeline on other IDR plans.

Current borrowers will maintain access to some existing repayment plans, including IBR. But those who borrow after July 1, 2026 will only have two options: RAP and a tweaked Standard Repayment Plan.

Standard Repayment Plan

The current Standard Repayment Plan is fairly simple: Borrowers typically have their debt divided into fixed payments over 10 years. It’s often the fastest option for people to pay off their student debt, compared with IDR plans

That plan is still available and will remain available to borrowers who don’t take out any new loans after July 1, 2026.

But those who do will experience different terms.

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The new Standard Repayment Plan will spread a borrower’s debt into fixed payments over one of four timeframes, depending on what they owe.

Those who’ve borrowed up to $24,999 will still have a 10-year repayment term. But those who owe between $25,000 and $49,999 will pay their debt back over 15 years; a balance ranging from $50,000 to $99,999 will be paid back over 20 years; and a debt over $100,000 will lead to a 25-year repayment term.

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Personal Finance

$20,000 Caution Bond Requirement for US Visa Applications imposed on 50 Countries

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The United States Department of State has officially implemented a revised visa policy introducing a mandatory posting requirement for caution payments of up to $20,000 on select foreign travel applications. Under the updated regulatory framework, consular officials are authorized to require temporary nonimmigrant visa applicants from targeted foreign countries to post a refundable financial bond of $20,000 as a condition for visa issuance. The policy mechanism is designed to address diplomatic concerns regarding high overstay rates among temporary visitor, business, and educational visa categories.

The caution bond pilot program applies selectively to foreign nationals from designated countries whose diplomatic entities record historical visa overstay rates exceeding established federal thresholds. Under administrative guidelines published by the State Department, the full financial deposit is posted directly to a dedicated federal escrow account prior to final visa issuance. The entire caution payment is automatically refunded to the applicant upon verified proof of timely departure from the United States in strict compliance with the authorized duration of stay. Conversely, failure to depart within the legal timeframe results in full forfeiture of the posted financial bond to the United States government.

Diplomatic representatives and travel policy experts have expressed varying perspectives regarding the operational implementation of the caution bond system. Administration officials emphasize that the measure serves as an effective, market-based incentive to enforce international travel compliance and preserve domestic immigration security standards. However, international trade organizations and foreign diplomatic missions have raised concerns regarding the financial burden imposed on legitimate business travelers, foreign students, and commercial partners from developing nations.

The United States finalized the rule to make the temporary visa bond program permanent, taking effect on August 3, 2026. The updated permanent regulation replaces the prior 12-month pilot, eliminates the lowest $5,000 tier, and raises the maximum required bond amount to $20,000 for specific B-1/B-2 business and tourist visa applicants.

Here is the list of the 50 countries on the list as o August 3, 2026

African Nations (31 Countries)

  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Botswana
  • Burundi
  • Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)
  • Central African Republic
  • Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
  • Djibouti
  • Ethiopia
  • Gabon
  • The Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Lesotho
  • Malawi
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Nigeria
  • São Tomé and Príncipe
  • Senegal
  • Seychelles
  • Tanzania
  • Togo
  • Tunisia
  • Uganda
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe

Asian & Eastern European Nations (11 Countries)

  • Bangladesh
  • Bhutan
  • Cambodia
  • Georgia
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Mongolia
  • Nepal
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Tajikistan
  • Turkmenistan
  • Uzbekistan

Caribbean & Latin American Nations (5 Countries)

  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • Cuba
  • Dominica
  • Grenada
  • Venezuela

Oceanian Nations (3 Countries)

  • Fiji
  • Tonga
  • Vanuatu

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Personal Finance

Next-Generation Retirement Planning: Managing Longevity Risk and Variable Income Streams

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Retirement planning strategies are evolving in 2026 to address increased life expectancies, shifting dynamic market conditions, and the transition away from traditional defined-benefit pensions. Individual investors and financial advisors are abandoning rigid retirement models in favor of flexible, multi-asset strategies designed to mitigate longevity risk and preserve purchasing power over multi-decade retirement horizons.

Mitigating Longevity Risk with Dynamic Asset Allocation
As average life expectancies extend past eighty-five years, one of the primary financial risks facing retirees is outliving their accumulated wealth. Traditional fixed income allocations—such as the standard 60/40 equity-to-bond portfolio—are being reevaluated to ensure portfolios generate sufficient capital growth alongside reliable income.

Financial planners recommend maintaining a meaningful equity allocation throughout retirement to offset long-term inflation erosion. High-dividend equity funds, global real estate investment trusts (REITs), and inflation-indexed Treasuries are combined to create diversified portfolios that deliver both growth and income stability.

The Transition to Dynamic Withdrawal Strategies
The classic “4% safe withdrawal rule” is increasingly replaced by dynamic withdrawal strategies that adapt annually based on market performance. Under a dynamic withdrawal framework, retirees adjust their annual distribution rates within pre-set caps and floors:
– Market Upside: During strong market returns, retirees can increase discretionary spending or fund family legacy gifts.
– Market Downturns: During market pullbacks, spending distributions are temporarily reduced to prevent sequence-of-returns risk and preserve core investment principal.

Guaranteed Lifetime Income Options and Deferred Annuities
To establish a guaranteed baseline for essential living expenses, individuals are incorporating modern fixed-indexed and deferred longevity annuities into their broader retirement architectures. Modern annuity structures offer competitive return caps, transparent fee schedules, and inflation-adjustment options.

By funding essential expenses—such as housing, healthcare, and insurance—with guaranteed income streams from Social Security, pensions, and annuities, retirees can manage discretionary investment portfolios with greater flexibility and lower emotional stress during market volatility.

Actionable Steps for Future Retirees
1. Calculate Baseline Retirement Expenses: Determine fixed living costs and map guaranteed income sources to cover essential expenditures.
2. Adopt Flexible Withdrawal Rules: Implement dynamic spending rules to protect investment principal against market downturns.
3. Incorporate Inflation-Protected Assets: Maintain exposure to dividend-growing equities and inflation-indexed bonds to safeguard long-term purchasing power.

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Personal Finance

Building Generational Wealth: Family Governance, Estate Tax Optimization, and Asset Protection

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As the largest intergenerational transfer of wealth in history accelerates, high-net-worth families, entrepreneurs, and individual investors are placing heightened emphasis on comprehensive estate planning, family governance, and asset protection. Preserving capital across generations requires a balanced approach combining tax-efficient legal structures with open family communication and financial literacy education.

Optimizing Estate Tax Exemptions and Trust Structures
With potential modifications to federal estate tax exemption thresholds on the horizon, proactive estate planning is essential for high-net-worth households. Estate planning attorneys and wealth advisors are establishing multi-generational trust structures to transfer wealth efficiently while minimizing estate and gift tax exposure.

Popular structural strategies include:
– Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts (ILITs): Utilizing life insurance proceeds to provide liquidity for estate tax obligations without expanding the taxable estate.
– Grantor Retained Annuity Trusts (GRATs): Transferring rapidly appreciating assets to beneficiaries with minimal gift tax consequences.
– Dynasty Trusts: Preserving wealth across multiple generations while providing long-term asset protection from creditor claims and legal liabilities.

Establishing Family Governance and Financial Education
Legal and financial structures alone cannot guarantee long-term wealth preservation without effective family governance. Financial advisors report that a significant percentage of multi-generational wealth dissipation stems from lack of communication and inadequate financial preparation among heir generations.

Families are establishing formal family governance frameworks, including periodic family meetings, written mission statements, and structured philanthropic foundations. Involving younger family members in charitable grant-making and investment discussions fosters financial stewardship and prepares heirs to manage family assets responsibly.

Digital Asset Custody and Legacy Planning
In today’s modern economy, estate planning must extend beyond physical real estate and traditional brokerage accounts to encompass digital assets. Comprehensive estate plans now include detailed inventories and legal access protocols for corporate domain names, intellectual property, digital media rights, and cryptocurrency holdings.

Fiduciaries and estate executors should be provided with secure, encrypted access mechanisms and clear legal authority to manage and transfer digital holdings in accordance with the owner’s estate directions.

Practical Steps for Legacy Planning
1. Review and Update Estate Documents: Ensure wills, revocable trusts, and power-of-attorney designations accurately reflect current family structures.
2. Establish Structured Trusts: Utilize irrevocable trusts to protect assets from creditors and minimize future estate tax liabilities.
3. Create a Digital Estate Inventory: Document access protocols and legal permissions for all online accounts, intellectual property, and digital assets.

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