In the escalating standoff between Harvard University and the White House, trade schools could come out on top.

As part of a broader crackdown at the nation’s wealthiest and most elite Ivy League schools, President Donald Trump recently signaled that he would divert funds from Harvard to financially support vocational training.

“I am considering taking THREE BILLION DOLLARS of Grant Money away from a very antisemitic Harvard, and giving it to TRADE SCHOOLS all across our land,” Trump posted on Monday on Truth Social.

It’s unclear how the president’s plan might work, and there would be many obstacles associated with redirecting federal funding. But the president’s comments underscore a changing perspective around alternative career pathways.

In an interview on CNBC Wednesday, U.S. Secretary of Education Linda McMahon said, “the paradigm, looking at education, is shifting.”

“More adults, who are looking to upskill, are looking at different programs — two-year or short-term programs,” McMahon said on CNBC’s “Squawk Box.” “We believe there are other ways to train people to make a good living for their families in this country, and maybe not go into the debt of four-year universities.”

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The rising cost of college and ballooning student loan balances have played a large role in changing views about the higher education system.

Overall, college enrollment is still climbing, but largely driven by gains at community colleges as more students choose shorter-term credentials at a lower cost.

Undergraduate enrollment increased across the major institutional sectors this spring. However, community colleges notched the largest uptick, rising 5% year over year, according to a recent report by the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center. Undergraduate certificate program enrollment also jumped from a year ago, and is now up 20% since 2020.

“This is great news for community colleges, and especially for those with strong vocational programs,” said Doug Shapiro, the National Student Clearinghouse Research Center’s executive director. “Four-year colleges can also feel good about higher numbers of undergraduates this spring, but their growth rates are slower.”

Increasingly, high school students are questioning whether a four-year degree is worth it.

Roughly 42% of high school students say they are pivoting to technical and career training or credentialing, or are planning to enroll in a local and less-expensive community college or in-state public school, according to a separate survey of 1,000 seniors, juniors and sophomores by the College Savings Foundation. That’s up from 37% last year. 

A shortage of skilled tradespeople, due to experienced workers aging out of the field, is also boosting the number of job opportunities and pay in those roles.  

“Career programs at community colleges provide students with accessible, affordable and accredited credentials and certificates that lead to jobs in their local communities and in the global economy,” said Walter Bumphus, president and CEO of the American Association of Community Colleges. 

“In President Trump’s first term we were able to partner with the U.S. Department of Labor to increase the number of apprenticeship programs and services across the nation, garnering 22,000 registered apprentices across 633 occupations, illustrating what is possible when we harness the power of partnering with the nation’s community colleges,” Bumphus said in an email.

However, as lower-income students increasingly choose to attend community colleges or career training programs, there may be consequences for their longer-term financial standing, other reports show.

Attending college once provided a similar wage premium for students regardless of their parents’ financial standing, but that’s changed in recent years, according to a working paper by the National Bureau of Economic Research. 

As “lower-income students have been disproportionately diverted into community and for-profit colleges,” their return on investment has suffered, the report found: “Higher-income students now derive greater average observational value from going to college than the lower-income students.”

In other words, despite efforts to improve college access, wealthier students, who are more likely to enroll in four-year schools, get a bigger payoff.

Meanwhile, getting an Ivy League degree has a “statistically insignificant impact” on future earnings, according to a 2023 report by Harvard University-based nonpartisan, nonprofit research group Opportunity Insights based on admissions data from several private and public colleges.

Even attending a college in the “Ivy-plus” category — which typically includes other top schools like Stanford University, Duke University, the University of Chicago and Massachusetts Institute of Technology — rather than a highly selective public institution, has benefits, the report found. It nearly doubles the chances of going on to an elite graduate school and triples the chances of working at a prestigious firm.

Further, it increases students’ chances of ultimately reaching the top 1% of the earnings distribution by 60%, the Opportunity Insights report found. 

“Highly selective private colleges serve as gateways to the upper echelons of society,” the group of Harvard and Brown University-based economists who authored the report said. “Because these colleges currently admit students from high-income families at substantially higher rates than students from lower-income families with comparable academic credentials, they perpetuate privilege.”

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For tax year 2022, the most recent data available, there were roughly 25.6 million QBI deduction claims, up from 18.7 million in 2018, the first year of the tax break, according to IRS data. 

However, the deduction has been controversial because “most of the benefits flow to taxpayers with a lot of income,” said Erica York, vice president of federal tax policy with the Tax Foundation’s Center for Federal Tax Policy.

“These are not taxpayers who work a W-2 job and earn a salary,” she said. “They’re business owners who receive business profits on their individual tax returns.”

The House bill would change the phaseout calculation, which could provide a bigger tax break for certain SSTB owners, said certified financial planner and enrolled agent Ben Henry-Moreland, senior financial planning nerd for advisor platform Kitces.com, who analyzed the bill last week.

If enacted, the higher 23% deduction could offer “some [tax] benefit” for all income levels, but the phaseout changes would primarily benefit higher-income SSTB owners, he said.

The House proposed QBI deduction changes would be “more generous and more valuable to higher-income people, especially those in certain industries including lawyers and lobbyists,” Chye-Ching Huang, executive director of the Tax Law Center at New York University Law, wrote in early May.

The Trump administration on Wednesday relaxed barriers in 401(k) plans to buying cryptocurrency and related digital assets like NFTs and meme coins.

The Labor Department rescinded guidance put in place by the Biden-era Labor Department in 2022 that aimed to safeguard 401(k) investors from such digital assets.

At the time, the Biden labor officials cautioned employers to exercise “extreme care” before making crypto and related investments available to their workers. They cited “serious concerns” about the prudence of exposing investors’ retirement savings to crypto given “significant risks of fraud, theft, and loss.”

The Trump Labor Department has withdrawn that guidance in full.

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The department said that it is “neither endorsing, nor disapproving of” employers who decide that adding crypto to a 401(k) investment list is appropriate.

The Labor Department’s reasoning extends to cryptocurrencies and “a wide range” of digital assets like “tokens, coins, crypto assets, and any derivatives thereof,” it said.

The move comes at a time when President Trump has launched a $TRUMP meme coin that’s added billions of dollars in paper wealth to his net worth and led Democratic senators to call for an ethics probe.

President Trump has pledged to make the U.S. the “crypto capital of the world.”

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