One of the pillars of behavioral economics is the so-called prospect theory, the idea that the pain of a loss is far greater than the expectation of a gain. That insight, developed by Daniel Kahneman , winner of the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was very much in evidence on Thursday as the S & P 500 dropped 100 points in the final two hours and thirty minutes of trading. On Thursday, President Joe Biden spoke with Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and more protection for aid workers. News reports that Israel was preparing for possible retaliation from Iran also surfaced. Bond prices rose, yields declined, and oil rallied . Later in the day, Neel Kashkari, President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, said that if inflation continues to move sideways, then he wondered whether the Fed should cut rates at all this year. Despite Thursday’s declines, the S & P 500 is only 2% from last week’s record highs. The surprise isn’t that the S & P 500 dropped Thursday. It’s that it’s been so steady The S & P 500 has been on an upward path for a remarkable five straight months, largely because earnings expectations for the first quarter and this year have been very stable. .SPX 6M mountain S & P 500, 6 months First-quarter earnings estimates for the S & P 500 have slipped to an expected gain of 5.1%, down from an anticipated increase of 7.2% on Jan. 1, according to LSEG. The decline is not surprising given that estimates usually start high at the beginning of the quarter, and fall somewhat at the very end of the quarter. Reported earnings then typically beat the lower analyst estimates, usually by 3% to 6%. John Butters, senior earnings analyst at FactSet, confirmed that analysts have made smaller cuts than average to first-quarter estimates. What would cause a more serious drop in stocks? Since earnings are what ultimately moves stocks, the question is not “What would cause a modest 2% to 5% decline?” Everyone should expect that, given the gains. Rather, we should ask, “What would cause a bigger decline of 10% or more?” To do that, market participants would need to believe that earnings estimates were off significantly. What would cause a significant drop in earnings? It would typically be some combination of factors: 1) an expectation of a notable decline in the economy, particularly in jobs, 2) a notable and sustainable spike in interest rates, and 3) some kind of unexpected exogenous shock (for example: the Arab oil embargo of the 1970s, Covid or war). The first two are not happening, at least not yet. Job growth remains strong — we will see how the March payrolls turn out. Further, there is no sustained spike in rates — for the time being. An exogenous shock? Reports that Israel was preparing for possible retaliation from Iran seemed to take the markets by surprise Thursday. What about the current bugaboo, so-called “sticky inflation?” Unfulfilled expectations of rate cuts may take some of the air out of the market, but it seems unlikely that the market would drop 10% just on that alone. Not without a significant deterioration in the economy. A 10% drop in the market is more common than you think If you think a 10% drop in the market is unlikely or would be a catastrophe, neither would be the case. Market declines of 10% or more are very common. It turns out, investors worry a lot about economic weakness or exogenous shocks and how they might affect earnings. A 2022 study from Charles Schwab looked at stock market declines over from 2002 to 2021. The analysis found that a decline of at least 10% occurred in 10 out of 20 years, or 50% of the time, with an average pullback of 15%. “Despite these pullbacks, however, stocks rose in most years, with positive returns in all but 3 years and an average gain of approximately 7%,” the report said. So buckle up. People who think notable declines are uncommon suffer from recency bias: Because the market has gone almost straight up for the past 18 months, they think that is the natural direction for stocks for the foreseeable future. They would be mistaken.
Former Walmart U.S. CEO Bill Simon contends the retailer’s stock sell-off tied to a slowing profit growth forecast and tariff fears is creating a major opportunity for investors.
“I absolutely thought their guidance was pretty strong given the fact that… nobody knows what’s going to happen with tariffs,” he told CNBC’s “Fast Money” on Thursday, the day Walmart reported fiscal fourth-quarter results.
But even if U.S. tariffs against Canada and Mexico move forward, Simon predicts “nothing” should happen to Walmart.
“Ultimately, the consumer decides whether there’s a tariff or not,” said Simon. “There’s a tariff on avocados from Mexico. Do you have guacamole with your chips or do you have salsa and queso where there is no tariff?”
Plus, Simon, who’s now on the Darden Restaurants board and is the chairman at Hanesbrands, sees Walmart as a nimble retailer.
“The big guys, Walmart,Costco,Target, Amazon… have the supply and the sourcing capability to mitigate tariffs by redirecting the product – bringing it in from different places [and] developing their own private labels,” said Simon. “Those guys will figure out tariffs.”
Walmart shares just saw their worst weekly performance since May 2022 — tumbling almost 9%. The stock price fell more than 6% on its earnings day alone. It was the stock’s worst daily performance since November 2023.
Simon thinks the sell-off is bizarre.
“I thought if you hit your numbers and did well and beat your earnings, things would usually go well for you in the market. But little do we know. You got to have some magic dust,” he said. “I don’t know how you could have done much better for the quarter.”
It’s a departure from his stance last May on “Fast Money” when he warned affluent consumers were creating a “bubble” at Walmart. It came with Walmart shares hitting record highs. He noted historical trends pointed to an eventual shift back to service from convenience and price.
But now Simon thinks the economic and geopolitical backdrop is so unprecedented, higher-income consumers may shop at Walmart permanently.
“If you liked that story yesterday before the earnings release, you should love it today because it’s… cheaper,” said Simon.
Walmart stock is now down 10% from its all-time high hit on Feb. 14. However, it’s still up about 64% over the past 52 weeks.
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Investors may want to reducetheir exposure to the world’s largest emerging market.
Perth Tolle, who’s the founder of Life + Liberty Indexes, warns China’s capitalism model is unsustainable.
“I think the thinking used to be that their capitalism would lead to democracy,” she told CNBC’s “ETF Edge” this week. “Economic freedom is a necessary, but not sufficient precondition for personal freedom.”
She runs the Freedom 100 Emerging Markets ETF — which is up more than 43% since its first day of trading on May 23, 2019. So far this year, Tolle’s ETF is up 9%, while the iShares China Large-Cap ETF, which tracks the country’s biggest stocks, is up 19%.
The fund has never invested in China, according to Tolle.
Tolle spent part of her childhood in Beijing. When she started at Fidelity Investments as a private wealth advisor in 2004, Tolle noted all of her clients wanted exposure to China’s market.
“I didn’t want to personally be investing in China at that point, but everyone else did,” she said. “Then, I had clients from Russia who said, ‘I don’t want to invest in Russia because it’s like funding terrorism.’ And, look how prescient that is today. So, my own experience and those of some of my clients led me to this idea in the end.”
She prefers emerging economies that prioritize freedom.
“Without that, the economy is going to be constrained,” she added.
ETF investor Tom Lydon, who is the former VettaFi head, also sees China as a risky investment.
“If you look at emerging markets… by not being in China from a performance standpoint, it’s provided less volatility and better performance,” Lydon said.
Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway raised its stakes in Mitsubishi Corp., Mitsui & Co., Itochu, Marubeni and Sumitomo — all to 7.4%.
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Warren Buffett released Saturday his annual letter to shareholders.
In it, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway discussed how he still preferred stocks over cash, despite the conglomerate’s massive cash hoard. He also lauded successor Greg Able for his ability to pick opportunities — and compared him to the late Charlie Munger.