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What to know about student loans

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The US Capitol in Washington, DC, US, on Tuesday, Oct. 7, 2025.

Eric Lee | Bloomberg | Getty Images

The thousands of federal workers newly laid off by the Trump administration face numerous financial challenges, including finding new health insurance and keeping up with recurring bills. Another key task: Figuring out what to do about their monthly student loan payment.

The permanent job cuts — which Russell Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, announced on Friday — are formally known as “Reductions in Force,” or RIFs. The RIFs will strip many federal workers of certain benefits related to their student loans and make it harder for them to repay their debt.

However, there are options available that allow borrowers to pause their payments or request a lower payment during difficult times.

Here’s what federal workers should know about their student loan options.

How RIFs affect repayment assistance, forgiveness

Often, federal agencies provide their employees with student loan repayment assistance of up to $10,000 per year, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz. In total, federal workers can get up to $60,000 under the U.S. Office of Personnel Management program.

In 2024, more than 16,500 federal employees collectively received around $150 million in student loan repayment benefits, according to an OPM report.

“This is one of the key perks that help attract recent college graduates to working for the federal government,” Kantrowitz said. “But, when a borrower’s employment is terminated, they lose this benefit.”

Federal workers should not need to repay any benefits they’ve received before the RIF, he added.

Read more CNBC personal finance coverage

Government workers who were working toward Public Service Loan Forgiveness will not receive credit for the program during their period of unemployment. PSLF offers loan forgiveness to certain public servants after a decade.

Borrowers will retain credit for qualifying PSLF payments they made before the RIF.

Try getting a lower monthly payment

Federal student loan borrowers who are laid off from their jobs are usually able to sign up for an income-driven repayment plan and get a lower payment, or even a $0 bill. IDR plans limit borrowers’ monthly payments to a share of their discretionary income and cancel any remaining debt after a certain period, typically 20 years or 25 years.

While IDR plan applications may be delayed during the government shutdown, you should be placed in a temporary forbearance after you submit your request, Kantrowitz said. You won’t need to make a payment for that period, but interest may continue to accrue on your debt.

Layoffs have started so regular government shutdown theme is in question: Mohamed El-Erian

Any unemployment benefits you collect will count as income in the U.S. Department of Education’s calculation of your monthly bill. Even so, those payments often come out to far less than what a person was earning while employed, according to a 2023 report from the National Employment Law Project.

One important thing to note: The government may calculate your monthly payment obligation under an IDR plan based on your last filed tax return, said Nancy Nierman, assistant director of the Education Debt Consumer Assistance Program in New York.

But if your earnings have dropped recently, “you can provide proof of your current income instead,” Nierman said.

Borrowers who were caught in a RIF may also be eligible for an Unemployment Deferment. Under that option, the Education Department often allows you to pause your payments if you’re receiving unemployment benefits or looking for and unable to find full-time employment, among other requirements. (Some student loans will still accrue interest during the payment pause, while others will not.)

Recent legislation will do away with the Unemployment Deferment for those who take out student loans after July 1, 2027. But current borrowers will maintain access to the relief option.

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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