Connect with us

Personal Finance

What to know before the Dec. 31 deadline for flexible spending accounts

Published

on

Tom Werner | Digitalvision | Getty Images

If you have a flexible spending account, you could be facing a use-it-or-lose-it deadline to spend down those funds before the end of the year.

Flexible spending accounts, or FSAs, allow workers to set aside pre-tax money to pay for qualified medical or dependent care expenses.

They are not to be confused with health savings accounts, or HSAs, which are paired with high-deductible health plans and don’t come with spending reimbursement deadlines.

About 70% of FSA account holders have a Dec. 31 deadline to spend their funds, according to FSA Store, an online retailer for FSA-eligible products.

For FSA balance holders who still haven’t fully used their funds for 2024, it’s a great time to check with your plan or human resources department to see whether the Dec. 31 deadline applies to you, said Rachel Rouleau, chief compliance officer at FSA Store.

More from Personal Finance:
There’s a key deadline approaching for required minimum distributions
Why this is the best time of year to buy a used car
Here’s why some credit card APRs aren’t going down

For some FSAs, a grace period may provide up to two and a half months after the end of the plan year — or until March 15, 2025 — to spend down the funds, Rouleau said. Other plans may instead allow for a carryover of up to $640 from their FSA balance from this year into 2025.

However, it’s important to note that for many other FSA account holders, neither of those options apply, Rouleau said.

If that’s the case, “you really want to make sure you’re tracking to Dec. 31 and spending down your funds appropriately before that date,” Rouleau said.

In 2024, participating employees could put up to $3,200 in a health care FSA account.

Households with FSAs put an average of $2,250 into their accounts annually, according to Numerator, a provider of market research data. That includes $1,820 from personal contributions and $430 from employers.

How to make the most of your FSA funds

Most FSA holders use their accounts for dental and vision care, with 67%; as well as prescription medications, 65%; and medical services and procedures, 64%; according to Numerator.

Many plans offer run-out periods, where FSA account holders can submit for reimbursement up to three months after the end of the plan year, according to Rouleau. In that case, whether you submit for reimbursement now or later, the funds still must be spent by Dec. 31.

Many over-the-counter items, such as acne treatments, pain relievers like Tylenol or allergy medicines like Claritin are FSA eligible, Rouleau said.

'Hidden' benefits of HSAs: Here's what to know

However, not all health care items or services are necessarily eligible for FSA reimbursement.

Nicole DeRosa, a certified public accountant and director of tax at SKC & Co. CPAs in Boonton Township, New Jersey, said she refers her clients to IRS Publication 502 to check to see whether certain expenses qualify.

Medical expenses that qualify for FSA reimbursement generally also qualify for the medical and dental expenses deduction, according to the IRS.

“There’s a lot of expenses that people might not think are eligible that are eligible,” DeRosa said.

For example, for service dogs, their veterinary, food and grooming expenses are covered, she said. Notably, the same does not apply for emotional support animals.

Generally, weight loss programs and cosmetic procedures are not eligible expenses, unless a doctor prescribes them to help treat a medical condition, DeRosa said.

Don’t wait to spend 2025 FSA funds

As the calendar turns to the new year, you don’t have to wait to spend your new FSA balance for 2025.

“You don’t have to wait for each paycheck or to accrue a balance,” DeRosa said. “You can be proactive, and you can start spending it all right away.”

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

Published

on

Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

Published

on

Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

Published

on

Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

Continue Reading

Trending