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23% of low-income Americans are living without a bank account

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Sean Gladwell | Moment | Getty Images

Even as many Americans go cashless, some don’t have the option to choose that lifestyle.

About 6% of Americans were unbanked in 2023, meaning they’re living without access to any traditional financial services such as savings accounts, credit cards or personal checks, according to data from the Federal Reserve.

This share of the population grows to 23% when only considering people making less than $25,000. 

The unbanked are more vulnerable to predatory lending practices and their cash is more at risk, financial experts say. This issue disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic adults, Fed data shows, putting financial institutions and local organizations in a position to build trust within marginalized communities.

“Oftentimes the most vulnerable among us, who need the resources most efficiently, aren’t able to get access,” said Wole Coaxum, CEO of MoCaFi, a fintech company serving the unbanked and underbanked.

Young adults, people of color are more often unbanked

Black and Hispanic adults are 14% and 11%, respectively, more likely to be unbanked than white (4%) and Asian (4%) adults, according to the Fed.

This doesn’t come as a surprise to Joe Lugo, founder and CEO of J^3 Creations, a Clearwater, Florida-based consulting business that helps organizations become more culturally sensitive.

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Much of the disconnect between financial institutions and communities of color, he said, can be attributed to a lack of banks in their neighborhoods.

“There is a subliminal message being sent to the community from generation to generation,” Lugo said. “When they don’t see a financial institution or a bank, [they] tend to say, ‘There’s no avenue for me this way. If I had a dream to start a business or buy a home, that’s not for me because they don’t exist here.'”

Many rural areas of the U.S. also tend to be banking deserts, largely because of a lack of population density, according to Darrin Williams, CEO of Southern Bancorp, Inc., a community development financial institution that serves rural and minority communities in the mid-South.

“In many of the markets we serve, we’re the only bank in town,” Williams said. “Often competition of the bank is a payday lender or some predatory provider of capital.”

Younger adults are also more likely to be unbanked.

Of 18- to 29-year-olds, 11% are living without a bank account, compared to 9% of 30- to 44-year-olds, 5% of 45- to 59-year-olds and 2% of people 60 and older, according to the Federal Reserve.

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Part of this can be explained by Generation Z’s mindset toward banking, said Winnie Sun, co-founder and managing director of Irvine, California-based Sun Group Wealth Partners. She is also a member of the CNBC Advisor Council.

“They feel like banking is something that is old school and traditional and there’s not a fit for them,” said Sun, who is the mother of a Gen Zer. “It’s an opportunity for us to talk to them about why they need to bank and how to open an account that works for them.”

‘They’re getting preyed upon’

Your money is better protected in a Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.-insured bank account, experts say, rather than keeping cash at home or stored in a Venmo or Cash App account, which are not FDIC insured.

It’s not always easy to tell which fintech services offer FDIC deposit insurance coverage, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation says “it depends.” The American Fintech Council did not respond to a request for comment.

It’s still a good idea to keep some cash on hand in case of emergencies, but putting money in an inexpensive or free checking account can help build credit and establish good habits, Sun said. 

“It would help you, even if it’s just small amounts, to start to build that savings pattern so that you can save for the future and other financial goals, too,” she said.

People without bank accounts might also turn to check cashing services or consider payday loans, especially if they’re the only brick-and-mortar financial services in their neighborhood. These each come with risks, such as steep interest rates and a lack of federal insurance, said Preston Duppins, a senior partner and financial advisor at Florida-based Vilardi Wealth Management. 

“They’re getting preyed upon,” Duppins said about people taking out payday borrowers.

“And they don’t have the pull to get Congress to change payday loan laws,” he added.

The Community Financial Services Association of America, which represents payday lenders, did not respond to a request for comment.

Building trust

To get the unbanked to trust financial institutions, Lugo, with J^3 Creations, said local leaders and banks must meet people where they are.

“Most of the time, marginalized folks are not willing to venture out of their areas. I think there are some financial institutions that are starting to get it” said Lugo, who also co-founded the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Pinellas County.

“They’re going out into the community, they’re promoting their services into the community, they’re creating programs specifically for the community,” he said.

It’s one thing that Coaxum says MoCaFi aims to do. The fintech company, he said, initially assumed people who were unbanked or underbanked would readily adopt their free bank account offering with accessible ATMs. However, it wasn’t so simple, and Coaxum said the company’s “sophistication bias” impeded its ability to recruit customers.

The company shifted over time to partner with governments to distribute benefits like universal basic income programs, which gave recipients a reason to use the platform. 

“Giving them access to some benefit and then using that conversation as a way to be able to get them into our demand deposit account is how we shifted,” Coaxum said. 

Other ways to build trust are through education and representation, experts say. As a Black financial advisor, Duppins says he doesn’t see a lot of people who look like him in his field. 

“I spend a lot of time in my community. I don’t segment people by their access, because that means segmenting people who look like me,” Duppins said. “We need to continually focus on women, women of color, men of color in this space, in this banking industry.”

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Personal Finance

Maximizing Returns in High Rate Climate and market uncertainty

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Maximizing Returns in High-Rate Climate

In the macroeconomic environment of late July 2026, personal cash management requires an active, structured approach to wealth preservation. With central bank benchmark rates remaining elevated to ensure long-term disinflation, conservative yield-bearing vehicles—such as short-term U.S. Treasury bills, money market funds, and high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs)—continue to offer reliable nominal returns between 4% and 5%. For individual investors, maximizing net returns requires moving beyond passive checking accounts and executing a disciplined cash laddering strategy.

Leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional bank deposits creates an invisible drag on personal net worth due to ongoing inflation. By implementing a tiered liquidity framework, individuals can split emergency cash reserves and short-term capital allocations across rolling maturities. Allocating cash into 4-week, 8-week, and 13-week Treasury bills creates a continuous cycle of maturing liquidity, allowing investors to continuously reinvest capital at prevailing market yields while maintaining immediate access to emergency funds.

Tax efficiency represents a critical dimension of high-yield cash optimization. For high-earning individuals residing in states with substantial local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury instruments often deliver superior net post-tax yields compared to standard commercial bank HYSAs. Because interest earned on federal Treasury bills is strictly exempt from state and local taxation, investors can retain a larger portion of their compounding interest gains without taking on additional credit or market risk.

Ultimately, personal wealth accumulation in mid-2026 relies on intentional capital deployment. Cash should be managed as a productive asset class that generates consistent, risk-free returns. Regularly auditing account yield terms, automating recurring transfers, and leveraging tax-advantaged fixed-income instruments ensures that personal liquidity remains fully optimized against macroeconomic fluctuations.

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Personal Finance

Algorithmic Wealth Management: Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

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Balancing Automated Financial Planning with Human Oversight

The personal finance industry in July 2026 is experiencing a technological evolution, driven by the wide deployment of next-generation algorithmic wealth management tools. Modern digital financial platforms have expanded far beyond basic automated index investing; today’s robo-advisors utilize real-time tax-loss harvesting, dynamic portfolio rebalancing, and hyper-personalized spending analysis to optimize retail investor outcomes. However, as these digital solutions become ubiquitous, investors face the crucial challenge of balancing automated execution with human strategic judgment.

The core advantage of automated financial planning platforms lies in their ability to remove emotional bias from investment execution. During periods of market volatility or localized sector realignments, automated algorithms systematically rebalance portfolios back to target asset allocations without falling victim to panic selling or speculative enthusiasm. Furthermore, integrated cash-flow monitoring algorithms analyze individual spending patterns in real time, automatically sweeping surplus income into designated retirement or debt-liquidation accounts to accelerate net worth accumulation.

Despite these operational advantages, algorithmic tools have inherent structural limitations when addressing complex, highly personalized financial life events. Decisions involving multi-generational estate planning, highly complex tax strategies, small business exits, or nuanced real estate transactions require contextual human judgment that software models cannot replicate. Relying solely on automated models without periodic human professional review can result in misaligned risk profiles or overlooked tax liabilities during major life transitions.

The optimal approach for personal financial planning in late 2026 is a hybrid advisory model. Individuals should utilize automated platforms for routine asset allocation, continuous tax optimization, and low-cost passive index tracking, while engaging qualified human financial advisors for periodic strategic planning, estate structuring, and qualitative risk evaluations. This dual approach ensures maximum cost efficiency and disciplined execution while retaining essential strategic guidance.

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Personal Finance

High-Yield Optimization: Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

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Structuring Personal Cash Reserves in a Sustained Rate Environment

In the financial environment of mid-2026, personal cash management has re-emerged as a vital component of holistic wealth building. With central bank policy rates holding firm to maintain long-term price stability, yield-bearing instruments such as money market funds, high-yield savings accounts (HYSAs), and short-term Treasury bills continue to offer compounding returns around 4% to 5%. For individual investors, effectively structuring cash reserves requires shifting away from passive bank deposits toward active yield optimization.

A frequent pitfall in personal asset management is leaving substantial liquid capital in traditional checking or low-yield savings accounts, where real returns are continuously eroded by baseline inflation. By implementing a disciplined ‘cash ladder’ strategy—allocating liquid funds across tiered maturities using ultra-short Treasury instruments and FDIC-insured high-yield accounts—individuals can secure maximal yields while retaining immediate liquidity for emergency expenses or tactical investment opportunities.

Simultaneously, investors must evaluate the tax efficiency of their cash holdings based on their tax bracket and geographic location. For high earners situated in states with high local income taxes, direct holdings in short-term U.S. Treasury bills often yield a higher net post-tax return than standard high-yield savings accounts, as Treasury interest is strictly exempt from state and local taxation. Understanding these nuanced tax distinctions allows individuals to capture significant incremental gains without taking on additional market risk.

Ultimately, personal financial health in late 2026 hinges on intentional liquidity management. Cash reserves should not be viewed merely as static emergency funds, but as a dynamic asset class that contributes positively to net worth growth. Regularly auditing yield terms, automating cash transfers, and optimizing for post-tax efficiency ensures that personal capital remains fully productive across all economic conditions.

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