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Bitcoin investor ordered to reveal crypto access codes to $124M

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An early Bitcoin investor sentenced last month to two years in prison for tax fraud related to cryptocurrency sales has been ordered to disclose his secret pass codes so U.S. officials can unlock digital assets now valued at about $124 million.

Frank Richard Ahlgren III, who owes the government about $1 million in restitution from the criminal case, must hand over the pass codes and identify any devices used to store them, along with disclosing all his cryptocurrency accounts, U.S. District Judge Robert Pitman ruled Monday in federal court in Austin, Texas. 

Prosecutors had asked the judge in December to force Ahlgren to disclose the location of at least 1,287 Bitcoin he moved in 2020 through a “mixing” service that jumbled crypto tokens and made them harder to trace. Those tokens, which have more than doubled in value over the past year, are now worth more than $124 million.

Ahlgren, who lives in Austin, was the first American convicted of tax crimes tied solely to the sale of cryptoassets. He’s agreed to pay $1 million in restitution to the U.S. to cover tax losses from underreporting capital gains on the sale of $3.7 million in Bitcoin. Prosecutors said he used some of the proceeds to buy a house in Park City, Utah.

In their request, prosecutors said Ahlgren’s property “cannot be attached by ordinary physical means.” The government asked “not only to restrain any virtual currency by order of this court, but to obtain the private keys to enable it access so that it cannot be moved by others. Should the private keys be lost or destroyed, the virtual currency is irretrievable.”

The judge’s order said that Ahlgren cannot “dissipate,” transfer or sell any property without prior approval of the court, but he can spend on “normal monthly living expenses.”

Ahlgren, who pleaded guilty on Sept. 12, was sentenced on Dec. 12. His attorney, Dennis Kainen, said his client will comply with the order.

“We will comply with a court directive, or to the extent that we have a question, we will direct it to the court,” Kainen said. “We appreciate the care that Judge Pitman has taken throughout this case.”

The case is U.S. v. Ahlgren, 24-cr-00031, U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas (Austin).

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Accounting

Extra tax filing time granted for Carter remembrance

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Taxpayers have an extra day, until Friday, Jan. 10, to file any return or pay tax originally due on Thursday, Jan. 9.

The IRS granted the time for the Jan. 9 National Day of Mourning for Jimmy Carter, the 39th U.S. president. He was the longest-lived president in history, dying December 29 at the age of 100.

The one-day extension also applies to any federal income, payroll or excise tax deposit due on Jan. 9, including those required to be made through the Treasury Department’s Electronic Federal Tax Payment System.

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Accounting

IRS Free File starts Jan. 10

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IRS Free File Guided Tax Software will be available this Friday for taxpayers ahead of the start of tax season later this month.

Starting Jan. 10, IRS Free File will begin accepting individual returns. Providers will generally allow taxpayers to prepare and file returns now and hold them for e-filing when the season starts. 

Taxpayers can access free software tools at IRS Free File page on IRS.gov.

U.S. Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service (IRS) 1040 Individual Income Tax forms for the 2016 tax year are arranged for a photograph in Tiskilwa, Illinois, U.S., on Monday, Dec. 18, 2017. This week marks the last leg of Republicans' push to revamp the U.S. tax code, with both the House and Senate planning to vote by Wednesday on final legislation before sending it to President Donald Trump. Photographer: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg

“Taxpayers have multiple filing choices,” said IRS Commissioner Danny Werfel, in a statement, “including trusted tax professionals, tax software, Free File, Direct File or free preparation services through IRS partners.”

IRS Free File is entering its 23rd filing season and is delivered through a partnership between the IRS and Free File Inc. (formerly the Free File Alliance). Eight private-sector partners will provide online guided tax software products for taxpayers with an adjusted gross income of $84,000 or less in 2024. Taxpayers with an AGI above $84,000 can use the Free File Fillable Forms starting Jan. 27.

For 2025, the partners participating in IRS Free File are 1040Now, Drake (1040.com), ezTaxReturn.com (also in Spanish), FileYourTaxes.com, On-Line Taxes,TaxAct, TaxHawk (FreeTaxUSA) and TaxSlayer.

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Accounting

Which states are most — and least — competitive on sales taxes

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Enjoy complimentary access to top ideas and insights — selected by our editors.

Local governments and municipalities have been raising sales tax rates or introducing new taxes throughout 2024, due to the inflationary environment in place prior to the Federal Reserve’s interest rate cuts. Amid lawsuits and proposals for regulations on voluntary sales tax disclosures, much is due to change.

In the Tax Foundation’s 2025 State Tax Competitiveness Index, the organization judged each state based on five areas: individual income taxes; sales, use, and excise taxes; corporate taxes; property and wealth taxes and unemployment insurance taxes. Sales and excise taxes was the second highest-weighted category at 22.8%.

The most competitive states are ranked from one to 10 according to their scores, one being the most competitive within the group and 10 being the least. For the states at the tail end of the spectrum, which are the least competitive in terms of sales and excise taxes, rankings are from 50 for the least competitive to 40 for the state with the highest comparative score.

Read on to see which states were the most — and least — competitive when it comes to these tax areas.

10 states with the most and least competitive sales and excise taxes in 2025 

10 most competitive

2025 Rank State 2025 Score 2024 Rank 2023 Rank 2022 Rank 2021 Rank 2020 Rank
1 (tie) New Hampshire 8.93 1 1 1 2 1
1 (tie) Delaware 8.93 2 2 2 1 2
3 Montana 8.85 3 3 3 3 3
4 Oregon 8.62 4 4 4 4 4
5 Alaska 7.86 5 5 5 5 5
6 Wisconsin 6 6 6 6 7 7
7 Wyoming 5.97 7 7 7 6 6
8 Maine 5.86 8 8 8 9 8
9 Idaho 5.46 11 12 12 12 12
10 Virginia 5.43 9 11 10 10 10

10 least competitive

2025 Rank State 2025 Score 2024 Rank 2023 Rank 2022 Rank 2021 Rank 2020 Rank
50 Washington 2.94 50 49 49 49 49
49 Alabama 3.17 49 50 50 50 50
48 Louisiana 3.23 48 48 48 48 48
47 Tennessee 3.66 47 47 47 47 47
46 California 3.81 46 46 44 43 44
45 Arizona 3.84 45 45 45 45 45
44 Arkansas 3.89 44 44 43 44 43
42 (tie) Ohio 3.97 43 43 42 41 41
42 (tie) New York 3.97 40 41 41 42 42
40 (tie) District of Columbia 4.01 43 41 41 41 41
40 (tie) New Mexico 4.01 42 42 46 46 46

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