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The accounting implications of a Bitcoin reserve

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With the Trump administration in the midst of preparing to return to the White House, there is a range of issues and campaign promises that various stakeholders will be looking to see fulfilled. One notable item that has continued to gain momentum both in the media/social media spheres and policy circles, following a speech at Bitcoin 2024, is the idea of establishing a strategic Bitcoin reserve.

With the nomination of David Sacks to the AI and crypto “czar” role at the White House, as well as policymakers such as Senator Cynthia Lummis continuing to promote the BITCOIN Act, the likelihood of some policy action in this direction would appear to be significant. This is in addition to market actions by firms such as BlackRock and MicroStrategy, both of which continue to introduce new Bitcoin-affiliated products and/or purchase bitcoin, respectively. Lastly, with state-based Bitcoin reserves also a possibility following the submission of legislation by the statehouses in Pennsylvania and Texas, it would seem a distinct possibility that some government-level purchasing of Bitcoin is on the horizon. 

The question facing CPAs and other financial advisors given these forces is two-fold. First, what are some of the topics and questions that financial professionals should be ready to respond to and advise on going forward? Secondly, with the accounting standard-setting process more deliberative and slower than either the executive order or state-based legislative processes, what accounting-adjacent changes might emerge from these policies? Let’s take a look at that as the calendar prepares to shift to 2025. 

Is there a business case for a Bitcoin reserve?

The proposal to establish strategic Bitcoin reserves by President-elect Donald Trump and various state governments has sparked considerable debate, and it is worth discussing both the potential benefits as well as drawbacks of such proposals. 

First, many proponents are advocating for a Bitcoin reserve given that any significant value appreciation could be used to mitigate the U.S. national debt. For instance, Senator Lummis introduced legislation proposing that the U.S. government acquire up to 1 million bitcoins over the next two decades, aiming to reduce the national debt without taxpayer dollars. However, Bitcoin’s price volatility itself poses a significant risk. Large-scale government investments could lead to substantial fluctuations in reserve valuations, potentially impacting overall financial stability. And while supporters note that over time and with greater liquidity, Bitcoin’s volatility could diminish, critics warn that taxpayer exposure to any such volatility could be detrimental and economically harmful. 

In addition, proponents note that incorporating Bitcoin into national reserves could diversify assets beyond traditional holdings like gold and foreign currencies, potentially enhancing financial stability. Bitcoin’s decentralized nature offers a unique complement to traditional reserve assets. However, safeguarding substantial Bitcoin holdings requires robust security measures to prevent hacking or theft, and any breaches could result in significant financial losses and potentially economic damage.  

Lastly, a Bitcoin reserve may position the U.S. as a leader in financial innovation, encouraging the development of cryptoasset technologies and related industries. This could attract investment and talent, fostering economic growth, but would require notable regulatory and legislative clarity progress before that could take place. 

Stablecoin leadership will continue

Given the forays by multiple TradFi institutions into the crypto sector, accelerated via the announcement that PayPal will allow crypto transactions to be conducted by both merchants and individuals, the appetite for crypto transactions with lower volatility will continue to increase. Since these cryptoassets are purpose built to be used as a medium of exchange with little to no price volatility, this subset of crypto has proven to be an effective on-ramp for users seeking to gain exposure to crypto without the complications of higher volatility cryptoassets. 

With the premise of a pro-crypto SEC, pro-crypto majority in Congress, and pro-crypto White House all but finalized, it stands to reason that crypto adoption will continue, with stablecoins playing a prominent role in this adoption. Even with talk and speculation about either a federal Bitcoin reserve or the possibility of Bitcoin reserves at the state level, the tokenization of the U.S. dollar will continue to gain supporters as TradFi institutions and policy advisors alike experience the benefits first-hand. With the vast majority of dollar transactions already virtual in nature, and competition from other currencies increasing, the technological upgrade that tokenization provides is reason enough to forecast an increasingly important role for stablecoins. 

As the IRS continues to propagate and extend tax reporting rules originally applied to cash transactions and centralized broker dealers, and stablecoins continue to attract new users, CPAs will almost inevitably acquire new clients that are interacting with the crypto space for the first time. Remaining up to speed on both the specifics of stablecoins as well as the tax reporting and data collection changes will both be essential going into 2025. 

Tax headaches are an opportunity

In the most directly accounting-focused changes in the crypto landscape, the IRS has continued to issue updates, pronouncements and guidance around crypto tax issues. The amending of both Sections 6045 and 6050 to include crypto transactions, the creation of an entirely new tax form with the launch of the 1099-DA document, the issuance of new guidance for both centralized and decentralized exchanges, and the potential delay of tax reporting changes are making the crypto tax landscape look even more uncertain. With interest and investment in crypto continuing to increase, propelled in no small part as a result of strong lobbying efforts by the crypto industry, the likelihood of CPAs with clients that are exposed to crypto will only increase. 

While these tax changes and modifications remain the subject of debates and conversations, the fact remains that crypto tax reporting, data collection and payments are going to be substantially more complicated than in  the past as these proposed changes are phased in over the next several years. To remain up to speed and able to provide effective tax services to clients, CPAs and other accounting professionals are going to need to remain proactive with regard to education and client engagement. 

2025 looks to be a dynamic year for the wider cryptoasset marketplace, but with the dynamic changes there will also be opportunities for forward-looking and motivated accounting professionals. 

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XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

Padar-Jody- new 2019

Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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