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PCAOB sees improvements in largest audit firms

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The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s inspection staff found noticeable improvements in the deficiency rates of the six largest global auditing firms, according to a report Monday.

In 2024, the PCAOB observed a tangible decrease in Part I.A deficiency rates, on average, across all inspected firms, as well as a substantial improvement, in the aggregate, among the largest firms it inspects annually. The improvement follows increased efforts by the PCAOB to encourage firms to reverse the trend of rising deficiency rates following the pandemic. 

“We challenged the audit profession to do better for America’s investors, and these significant improvements demonstrate real progress in protecting investors,” said PCAOB chair Erica Williams in a statement. “Still, our work is far from over, and I urge the audit profession to build on this momentum.”

For all inspected firms, the aggregate Part I.A deficiency rate decreased to 39% in 2024, down from 46% in 2023. For the Big Four U.S. firms (Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC), which as of Dec. 31, 2024, collectively audit about 80% of the market capitalization of public companies, the aggregate Part I.A deficiency rate decreased to 20% in 2024, down from 26% in 2023.

The aggregate Part I.A deficiency rate for the six U.S. global network firms (BDO USA, Deloitte, EY, Grant Thornton, KPMG and PwC) decreased to 26% in 2024, from 34% in 2023.

Results at the eight annually inspected U.S. non-affiliated firms held steady, decreasing to 52% in the aggregate in 2024, compared to 53% in 2023 (when the eight inspected firms were Marcum, RSM US, Crowe, Withum, Moss Adams, Baker Tilly US, B F Borgers and Cohen & Company, Ltd., though BF Borgers was suspended last year and Marcum was acquired by CBIZ). While the same firms are not inspected year-to-year, the PCAOB saw improvements at the non-affiliated firms and global network triennially inspected firms. Aggregate deficiency rates at NAF triennially inspected firms decreased from 67% in 2023 to 61% in 2024, and GNF triennially inspected firms decreased from 35% in 2023 to 26% in 2024.

Williams has called on firms to improve their audit quality since she became chair of the PCAOB in 2022, and the PCAOB has been focusing on encouraging auditing firms to address their high deficiency rates coming out of the pandemic. Some of the initiatives include publishing more information, resources and tools to help firms improve their audit quality; increasing transparency; engaging regularly with audit firms; providing focused support to smaller firms; publishing implementation guidance for new PCAOB standards; prioritizing guidance and communication regarding remediation submissions for quality control deficiencies; engaging directly and regularly with U.S. audit committees; and increasing the PCAOB’s focus on the effect of firm culture on audit quality.

The PCAOB began seeing deficiency rates leveling off at the largest firms last year when it released its 2023 inspection results for them. On Monday, the PCAOB released separate inspection reports for the six largest firms. 

At BDO USA, P.C, 18 of the 30 audits reviewed in 2024 were included in Part I.A of the report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, a 60% deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies mainly related to BDO’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue and related accounts, goodwill and intangible assets, and business combinations. However, that represented an improvement over BDO USA’s 2023 results, when 25 of the 29 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2023 were included in Part I.A, an 86% Part I.A deficiency rate.

At Deloitte & Touche LLP, nine of the 63 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2024 were included in Part I.A of the report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, for a 14% Part I.A deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies mainly related to Deloitte’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue, allowance for credit losses, and leases. That too was an improvement for Deloitte, where in its 2023 report, 12 of the 56 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2023 were included in Part I.A of the report, translating into a 21% Part I.A audit deficiency rate.

At Ernst & Young LLP, 18 of the 64 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2024 were included in Part I.A of this report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, a 28% Part I.A deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies primarily related to EY’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue and related accounts, inventory and long-lived assets. That again was an improvement over 2023’s inspection report for EY, when 22 of the 59 audits we reviewed in 2023 are included in Part I.A, for a 37% deficiency rate.

At Grant Thornton LLP, 13 of the 27 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2024 were included in Part I.A of this report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, a 48% Part IA deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies primarily related to the firm’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue and related accounts and inventory. While a 48% deficiency rate may seem high, it was better than the 54% rate on the 2023 inspection report for GT, when 15 of the 28 audits reviewed in 2023 were included in Part I.A.

For KPMG LLP, 13 of the 64 audits reviewed in 2024 were included in Part I.A of its report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, a 20% Part I.A deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies mainly related to the firm’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue and related accounts and allowance for credit losses. That too was an improvement over the 15 of 58 audits reviewed in 2023 that were included in Part I.A of the 2023 report on KPMG, a 26% Part I.A deficiency rate.

For PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 10 of the 64 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2024 were included in Part I.A of the report due to the significance of the deficiencies identified, a 16% Part I.A deficiency rate. The identified deficiencies primarily related to the firm’s testing of controls over and/or substantive testing of revenue and related accounts and the allowance for credit losses. That was comparable to the 2023 report for PwC, when 10 of the 57 audits reviewed by the PCAOB in 2023 were included in Part I.A of the report, an 18% Part I.A deficiency rate.

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XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

Padar-Jody- new 2019

Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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