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Accounting

IRS adds changes to tax filings, reporting standards on cryptocurrency

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The Internal Revenue Service has been hard at work these last few weeks on issues ranging from streamlining reporting requirements for renewable-energy tax credits to finalizing rules on stock-repurchase taxes and crypto transactions. But accountants and tax professionals are keeping their eye on the upcoming election to anticipate more widespread regulatory changes on the horizon. 

The Republican party’s platform covers a wide swath of industry topics such as increased cryptocurrency interaction, unhindered artificial intelligence innovation and more, with further promises to prolong and make permanent the provisions of the Tax Cuts of Jobs Act of 2017 passed under former U.S. President Donald Trump.

Jonathan Traub, Washington national tax leader and managing principal at Deloitte Tax LLP, told Accounting Today this month that both the TCJA and external provisions such as the New Markets Tax Credit and premium credits for Affordable Care Act beneficiaries would be “front and center” next year.

“It just has to be,” Traub said. “It’s going to start out with a debate on the debt ceiling, which will set the tone for thoughts around the appetite of the new Congress, whoever the president is, to tolerate additional deficit spending or deficit-financed tax cuts, or whether they will tolerate them at all or not.” 

Read more: Project 2025 goals would transform wealth management landscape

The Democratic party’s platform is set to be released during the convention in August. In the meantime, experts are looking back at U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris‘ track record to see what legislative priorities the likely nominee could have.

Harris has historically focused on providing tax relief to those in the sub-$100,000 per year income bracket, as seen through the LIFT (Livable Incomes for Families Today) the Middle Class Act bill she proposed in 2018. The legislation would have provided up to $3,000 in tax credits for those filing as individuals and $6,000 to those filing as joint taxpayers, provided their income was less than $100,000.

Other measures included a proposed bill known as the Rent Relief Act, again for those with income under $100,000 per year, that would establish a refundable tax credit for those paying in excess of 30% of their gross income towards rent and utilities. The legislation drew sharp criticism from those who held that it would benefit landlords more than renters.

“Ultimately, Senator Harris’s rent relief bill would fail to address the root causes of the high cost of housing. … Instead, it would wind up benefiting landlords, not significantly improving the lives of renters and carrying a hefty price tag,” said experts with the nonpartisan Tax Foundation in a 2018 blog post.

Read more: How Kamala Harris may shift the crucial tax debate in this year’s election

For now, accountants and tax experts are accommodating new reporting requirements from the IRS for segments such as renewable energy, cryptocurrencies, corporate stock repurchases and more.

Read more about the agency’s recent changes and how different forms are changing in the coming months.

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Construction workers unload a turbine blade at the Avangrid Renewables La Joya wind farm in Encino, New Mexico.

Cate Dingley/Bloomberg

IRS introduces condensed reporting for renewable energy tax credits

To help hasten the reporting process for renewable energy and electricity tax credits, the Internal Revenue Service’s Large Business and International Division is changing up its filing standards for Forms 3468 and 8835.

If a taxpayer has more than 200 of either Forms 3468 for the investment credits or Forms 8835 for the Renewable Energy Production Credit, they can instead file a single instance of each form with the aggregated credit tally. The filing must have an attached PDF file recording all the necessary information of each facility or property being reported.

This change is in effect for the 2023 tax year.

Read more: IRS offers relief on reporting renewable energy tax credits

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Internal Revenue Service headquarters in Washington, D.C.

Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg

Regulations on corporate stock repurchase tax reach the finish line

The IRS, in conjunction with the Treasury Department, published a final rule on June 28 outlining the reporting and payment requirements for corporate stock repurchases encompassed by the Inflation Reduction Act.

Accounting Today’s Michael Cohn writes that under the act, which took effect in 2022, stock repurchases are subject to an excise tax equal to 1% of the aggregate fair market value of stock repurchased by certain corporations during the taxable year, subject to adjustments. Eligible deals start after Dec. 31, 2022.

The IRS’s final rule requires that tax to be reported on Form 720, “Quarterly Federal Excise Tax Return,” which is to be filed alongside the Form 7208, “Excise Tax on Repurchase of Corporate Stock.” The filing is required for the first full calendar quarter after the corporation’s taxable year ends.

Read more: IRS finalizes regs on stock repurchase tax

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The Internal Revenue Service headquarters in Washington, D.C.

Samuel Corum/Bloomberg

Rules on selling, exchanging crypto finalized by IRS

Brokers handling the possession of digital assets for their clients in specific sale or exchange transactions will see changes in reporting requirements under new final regulations from the Treasury and the IRS.

The Form 1099-DA, which the IRS previewed a draft of this year, requires brokers to report on gross proceeds for transactions, adjusted basis on certain transactions, fair market value of assets and other transaction details.

Eligible parties include providers of custodial digital-asset trading platforms and digital-asset kiosks, as well as specified digital-asset hosted wallet providers and processors of digital-asset payments.

“Because of the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, investors in digital assets and the IRS will have better access to the documentation they need to easily file and review tax returns,” said Treasury acting assistant secretary for tax policy Aviva Aron-Dine in a statement. “By implementing the law’s reporting requirements, these final regulations will help taxpayers more easily pay taxes owed under current law, while reducing tax evasion by wealthy investors.”

Read more: IRS finalizes rules on selling and exchanging crypto

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IRS provides guidance on emergency retirement plan withdrawals

Victims of domestic abuse or others with emergency personal expenses can now withdraw from eligible retirement plans, per new guidance from the IRS. 

Notice 2024-55 provides taxpayers with detailed information about exceptions added under SECURE 2.0 that took effect this year, such as properly defining an emergency personal expense distribution, identifying which retirement plans are eligible, outlining limitations on distributions and more.

Distributions can be received within a one-year time frame that begins on the date when a taxpayer suffered an instance of domestic abuse

Read more: New guidance on emergency distributions from retirement plans

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The Internal Revenue Service facility in New Carrollton, Maryland

Al Drago/Bloomberg

IRS previews revised Research Credit form

The IRS debuted a tentative version of an updated Form 6765, “Credit for Increasing Research Activities,” on June 21 following a wave of feedback about an earlier instance of the documentation.

The agency has worked to stem instances of fraudulent R&D tax credit claims by increasing its documentation requirements for roughly three years, but was met with pushback from users and tax experts decrying the standards as too burdensome. To address those concerns, the IRS eased up on some of the necessary standards.

In the preview of the revised draft of Form 6765, questions were shifted around, novel questions were added and a new Business Component Detail section was created to account for quantitative and qualitative details of each component. Qualified small-business taxpayers as well as those with both total qualified research expenditures of $1.5 million or less and $50 million or less of gross receipts can opt out of the aforementioned section.

The IRS said the final Form 6765 would be released at a later date, but did not provide any more specific information about its timeline.

Read more: IRS drafts revised Research Credit form

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Accounting

Tax scammers on the prowl after hurricanes

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Hurricane Milton damage in Florida
Destroyed homes after Hurricane Milton in St. Pete Beach, Florida, on Oct. 10.

Tristan Wheelock/Bloomberg

Scammers are using fake charities in the wake of Hurricanes Milton and Helene to harvest personal and financial data from unsuspecting taxpayers.

“You should never feel pressured by solicitors to immediately give to a charity,” said Commissioner Danny Werfel in a statement from the IRS, which issued the warning. “Verify if they’re authentic first.”

Tips to verify charities and spot fake ones:

  • Scammers frequently use names that sound like well-known charities to confuse people. Fake charity promoters may also use bogus emails or fake websites or alter or “spoof” their caller ID to make themselves look like a real charity. Ask the fundraiser for the charity’s name, website and mailing address. Check the Tax-Exempt Organization Search tool on IRS.gov to help find or verify legitimate charities.
  • Never work with charities that ask for donations by giving numbers from a gift card or wiring money. It’s safest to pay by credit card or check, and only after verifying the charity is real.
  • Scammers want both money and personal information. Never disclose Social Security numbers, credit card numbers or personal identification numbers
  • Scammers often pressure people into making an immediate payment. In contrast, legitimate charities are happy to get a donation at any time.

The IRS has other background on its Charity and Disaster Fraud page.

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Accounting

The digital transformation of audit: Our Moneyball moment

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In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, the expectations placed on auditors and advisors are shifting significantly. 

As finance functions within organizations embrace technological advancements, there is mounting pressure on public accounting firms to match or exceed the pace of change and sophistication of their clients to perform their expected role.

Recent industry research indicates clients are noticing this growing gap in capabilities. Businesses are actively seeking accounting firms offering a more progressive approach, with 55% wanting an audit that can scale and support their growth goals and expectations. Further, 67% feel audits can provide valuable insights in these areas, but feel the current process is hindering this (“What modern businesses want from their audits”). 

Many accounting firms are excited by high-margin and high-growth advisory services. There is a huge amount of opportunity in this area, including services such as ESG, digital transformation, and AI strategy. 

But how can a firm pitch a credible offering to a company in these areas if their core services such as audit and tax are still highly manual? Discussing cyber risks and data security feels disingenuous while their teams drown in spreadsheets as their desktop software synchronizes.

Public accounting firms need to eat their own dog food, digitally transforming their own business to provide a credible and broad suite of valuable compliance and advisory services to clients. These war stories and firsthand experiences are what bring to life the page in the sales brochure.

The Oakland Athletics show the way

Over the past decade, technology has made significant advances. Just look at the NASDAQ’s most valuable companies by market capitalization: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and NVIDIA — all companies built on the value of technology and data.

Yet, in the auditing profession many firms remain cautious over new technology. Some recite that audit standards have not been updated to endorse such technologies and until this happens, they won’t change: “The audit standards are still written assuming the auditor cannot review all transactions and must sample, so why would I use data analytics to analyze all the transactions?”

This mindset has led many to stick to traditional methods, feeling unable to change despite the clear benefits that modern technology can offer.

This might be audit’s Moneyball moment.

The story of the 2002 Oakland Athletics is well known and has been told more broadly through the hit film “Moneyball,” starring Brad Pitt. 

The rules of baseball do not significantly change from year to year. There was no major change ahead of the 2002 season. Yet one team decided to take a new approach to the game.

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Rather than leaning on the traditional scouting approaches and views of those who had been in baseball all their lives, Billy Beane decided to embrace statistical analysis. As the general manager, he brought onto his team players undervalued by these traditional scouting methods. He adopted a data-driven approach to team-building and playing the game of baseball.

So, the rules of the game hadn’t changed, but one team decided to play the game differently within those existing rules. The Oakland Athletics chose to use data over the traditional approach. They set new records and stood shoulder-to-shoulder with teams that had far greater resources. 

Now every baseball team has embraced what Billy Beane started, and we have seen the same in other sports like the football. “Analytics” was originally scoffed at by commentators and former players. Now it is an integral part of everything from draft selection to in-game strategy.

The audit standards are akin to the rules of baseball. The rules do not need to change for a better way to play the game to be possible. The standards do not need to change for there to be a better way of auditing.

Digital audits are a way of leveraging data, data analytics, and modern technologies to deliver more efficient and valuable audits, while safely complying with the existing audit standards.

The role of governing bodies: Ensuring innovation and progress

Professional bodies, regulators, and standard-setters play a crucial role in helping firms navigate change. Innovation within firms brings greater creativity and variation to the way traditional services like audit are being performed. While evolving the rulebook is required, the process to change audit standards is necessarily deliberate, considered, and therefore slow. 

So, governing bodies must stay close to firms and the solution providers they are working with to drive innovation. Understanding new techniques as they are being conceived and trialed, not after they have matured and then witnessed in an audit inspection, could shorten this feedback loop by multiple years.

This level of transparency and collaboration requires trust. Professional bodies who see demand from their members for support as an opportunity to step in as a direct solution provider should be mindful of the impact. This changes relationships with solution providers and introduces conflicts to their role of advancing the profession.

In the U.K., there have been several positive initiatives aimed at fostering the collaborative advancement of the audit profession. Following comprehensive government-commissioned reports such as the Kingman and Brydon Reviews, UK audit firms have been redefining their operations and what an audit represents. 

The Financial Reporting Council, the U.K.’s audit regulator, has launched sandbox and other experimentation initiatives to support firms exploring more innovative auditing techniques. The professional body, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales, has also embedded modern commercially available auditing technology directly within their accountancy exams to teach students digital auditing skills.

The U.S. could learn a lot from experiences on the other side of the Atlantic … .

The changing landscape of solution providers

For many years, public accounting firms have faced limited audit solution choice. 

This lack of competition has caused the market to circle the drain. Accounting firms have felt trapped by audit methodologies written generations ago, housed in desktop software which survived the millennium bug. This has then caused a chronic underinvestment in the market by the incumbent providers.

But the rise of cloud computing is driving a movement towards smaller, more agile providers, often with Big Four experience. They have developed enterprise-ready platforms leveraging the infrastructure and security of Microsoft Azure and other cloud providers. This means David can take on Goliath — but this time with more powerful capabilities.

The competition brought by more agile solution providers benefits CPA firms by:

  1. Offering more choice and new ideas;
  2. Providing more implementation support and guidance; and,
  3. Pressuring incumbents to modernize their offerings.

These solution providers are still evolving. Some come heavily backed by venture capital and private equity. Others have been successful in organically growing their business, as large firms early-adopted their solution. While the difference may seem subtle, the question remains whether in the long term these new vendors will take on, or be acquired by, the larger incumbent vendors.
This may ultimately come down to product strategy. Those offering narrow point-solutions may more naturally become target acquisitions for the large vendors with holes in their offerings. Or as territory defense. Those building rival suites, or committing to progressive partnerships to create alternative suites will more likely go long and create a healthier competitive landscape into the future.

Stop talking about the future of audit

There is a generational change in motion within the audit profession. Almost every CPA firm will review, and likely change, their audit technology in the next three years. 

They will ditch the desktop. But will they simply crawl to the cloud, doing the same work in a different place?

Or will they deploy digital, embracing data and automation to skip a step and make a more progressive change?

Firms that go digital will achieve greater efficiencies through automation. But more important, they will strategically position themselves to more easily embrace future technology advancements — embedding the skillsets and data disciplines required to capitalize on artificial intelligence and all the new innovations we are yet to experience.

And it is worth considering given the severe talent challenges — firms that are embracing technology are more attractive employers for those now looking to start and continue a career in accounting.

Traditional British pubs have a sign behind the bar stating the beer will be free tomorrow. But tomorrow never comes.

It’s time to stop listening to the theoretical presentations on the future of audit. The technology is here. More innovative innovation partners are here. CPA firms are implementing a digital audit approach and being successful. 

The relevance of the audit service to the needs of modern business may be judged in future years on the strategic decisions that accounting firm leaders make over the coming years.

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Accounting

Artificial intelligence and the risk of inflation expectations

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The arrival of artificial intelligence promises game-changers in all industries. But what if the rise of AI created new ways to simplify things — as well as a whole new set of complex client expectations for accountants? 

As businesses expect AI-driven solutions, accountants could find that what initially were accepted as benefits in cost-efficiency, speed, and enhanced service could be the most unexpected complications. Let us explore how AI’s promise to transform the accounting profession might go the unexpected way. 1. Faster service: When speed feels too fast for comfort. Where AI can automate repetitive tasks, accountants will process data faster than ever. This presumes that clients value that speed. 

Increased speed might mean that clients will demand information even faster than the speed at which it is created, without stopping to think about any deep analysis or nuanced judgment. 

The new challenge? Keeping up with unrealistic demands.

2. Value for money: The hidden cost of always expecting more for less. AI’s ability to perform tasks with minimum human intervention promises cost savings. However, the drive toward cost efficiency can be detrimental because it can feed into clients’ mindset that the value of professional accountants’ services would continue to drop. 

What is often left unsaid is that AI tools are costly in terms of investments in technology, learning, training, and keeping up with constant updates, and hence AI tools are not cost-neutral. Accountants will likely not sell any AI tool independently — so by itself, any AI tool won’t be a profit center. 

What is the paradox? Clients expect more for less, while accountants have to deal with higher costs to operate their practices. 

3. Better service: When AI lacks the human touch. Clients may also expect that AI will enhance service quality. After all, AI will be able to recognize patterns, predict trends, and perform complex calculations. 

In businesses where AI-driven processes take precedence over traditional ways of doing things, clients may miss the personal counsel, insight, and display of empathy accompanying human contact. AI, for all its power, cannot establish relationships and provide specific advice relevant to a client’s particular circumstances. 

The paradox arises: Better service in terms of raw data analysis does not equate to better service as perceived by the client.

4. Greater privacy: AI’s paradox of data security. Where there is AI, there is the ability to sift through enormous amounts of data at unbelievably fast speeds. This can open up a broad avenue for breach of privacy. At the same time — and quite rightly — all clients will expect AI to handle their sensitive financial data with more security than ever. 

AI knowledge

Катерина Євтехова – stock.adobe.com

Yet the same AI systems that make accounting tasks quicker and more efficient are those prone to cyber-attacks, breaches, and intentional or unintentional mismanagement of sensitive information. It is an expectation, but the reality is that AI systems may not have perfect security, especially when it comes to human use of AI tools. Hence, it is essential to have an “AI use policy.

5. More predictability: When clients expect crystal-ball forecasting. AI’s predictive powers promise more accurate financial forecasting, and clients may believe that AI will provide flawless predictions about future market trends, tax burdens, and revenue streams. 

However, AI is not perfect, and AI predictions are based on historical data that cannot predict unforeseeable events such as crashes, regulatory shifts, or political upheaval. 

As clients become more reliant on AI predictions, the likelihood increases that expectations will be set unrealistically high, and frustration will mount when predictions inevitably prove imperfect.

Navigating the AI-fueled expectations

With the rise of AI comes a whirlwind of expectations — faster service at lower costs, superior quality, greater privacy, and predictive accuracy. While AI can deliver on many of these promises, accountants should be aware of the new pressures created by such expectations. 

The future in accounting will be about mastering AI tools and managing the evolving and sometimes unrealistic demands coming hand in hand with those tools. As client expectations continue to grow, so must accountants balance the capabilities of AI with the irreplaceable value of human insight, judgment, and relationship-building.

It’s simple: Although AI may enhance processes, it cannot replace accountants’ multifaceted expertise. Accountants will need to communicate that to their clients effectively to be in a better position to turn these challenges of AI into opportunities for more profound, more impactful, more value-added services.

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