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Senate bill calls for NIST to make third party AI audit standards

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A recently introduced Senate bill would, if passed, direct the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to develop standards for third-party audits of AI.

The bill — sponsored by Sen. John Hickenlooper, D-Colorado, and Shelley Moore Capito, R-West Virginia — specifically would require the Director of the NIST to develop voluntary guidelines and specifications for internal and external assurances of artificial intelligence systems, and for other purposes. These specifications would require considerations for data privacy protections, mitigations against potential harms to individuals from an AI system, dataset quality, and governance and communications processes of a developer or deployer throughout the AI systems’ development lifecycles.

It would also establish a collaborative Advisory Committee to review and recommend criteria for individuals or organizations seeking to obtain certification of their ability to conduct internal or external assurance for AI systems, and require NIST to conduct a study examining various aspects of the ecosystem of AI assurance, including the current capabilities and methodologies used, facilities or resources needed, and overall market demand for internal and external AI assurance.

“AI is moving faster than any of us thought it would two years ago,” said Sen. Hickenlooper, who serves as the chair of the Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety and Data Security. “But we have to move just as fast to get sensible guardrails in place to develop AI responsibly before it’s too late. Otherwise, AI could bring more harm than good to our lives.”

The bill defines AI along the lines of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020, which said AI means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, using machine and human-based inputs to perceive real and virtual environments; abstract such perceptions into models through analysis in an automated manner; and use model inference to formulate options for information or action.

This represents but the latest in a series of actions to encourage regulation and oversight of artificial intelligence, not least of which was the executive order from the White House at the beginning of this year. Others include the Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023, the Federal Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act of 2023, the Artificial Intelligence Environmental Impacts Act of 2024 and the No Robot Bosses Act. Across the ocean, the EU has also been very interested in AI regulation, as evidenced in its EU Artificial Intelligence Act.

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Accounting

Senate plans to deliver Trump-backed tip, overtime tax breaks

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Senate Majority Leader John Thune said Republicans in his chamber expect to deliver on President Donald Trump’s campaign promises to exempt tips, overtime pay, Social Security and auto loan interest from taxes.

“I think that the president as you know campaigned hard on no tax on tips, no tax on overtime, Social Security, interest on car loans — those were all things that are priorities for the administration and they were addressed in the House bill and I expect they will be in the Senate as well,” Thune told reporters.

The House bill, in lieu of a direct tax cut on Social Security, which would violate Senate budget rules, provided a $4,000 bonus deduction for per taxpayer age 65 and older with incomes up to $75,000 for individuals and $150,000 for married couples. The House provisions on tips, overtime, the elderly and car loans would all expire in 2029.

Thune’s comments come as Senate negotiators tweak the House-passed version of Trump’s giant tax package ahead of a self-imposed deadline to pass the measure before the July 4th holiday, with Thune saying Tuesday the Senate is very close to finishing its draft of the legislation. 

Earlier Tuesday, House Ways and Means Chair Jason Smith, whose committee is responsible for tax legislation, warned that any Senate version of the tax package that doesn’t include the tips and overtime breaks would be “dead on arrival” in the House.

Several Republican senators including Thom Tillis of North Carolina and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina have expressed skepticism about the cost and economic wisdom of including the tax exemptions on tips and overtime pay. Senators have instead called for funds to be used to make temporary business tax breaks permanent.

Such a change would be a “no go” for House Republicans, Smith told Bloomberg TV. 

The Senate is now considering the massive tax and spending package after it passed the House by a single vote last month. If the Senate changes the legislation, the House must approve the revised version.

Senator Josh Hawley, a populist Republican, said Trump told him Tuesday morning that tax-exempt tips and overtime, as well as a tax cut for the elderly, are the most important provisions in the bill. 

House Speaker Mike Johnson also has urged senators not to remove or scale back provisions in the legislation that exempt tips and overtime pay from income tax through 2028.

“This is an important promise for us to keep,” Johnson told reporters earlier Tuesday.

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Accounting

M&A roundup: Plante Moran, Sax and GHJ expand

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Sax, a Top 75 Firm based in Parsippany, New Jersey, has acquired Sewald & Anastasia CPAs, based in Morganville, New Jersey, effective June 1.

The deal expands Sax’s presence in Monmouth County and strengthens its real estate and private client service capabilities by adding founders Charlie Anastasia and Steven Sewald.

Steven Sewald & Co. merged with Charles Anastasia to form Sewald & Anastasia in 2023.  After nearly two years of growing their firm in South New Jersey, the two lifelong tax professionals and softball teammates saw the opportunity of joining Sax. For 30 years, they have served small to medium-sized businesses in markets such as construction, trucking, health care, and retail. This acquisition will bolster Sax’s capabilities in these vital sectors.

Anastasia, who has been managing partner of Sewald and Anastasia, will join Sax as a partner, helping to strengthen Sax’s real estate practice. Sewald will be joining Sax’s private client services practice as a director. 

“This acquisition is strategic, as both Sax and Sewald & Anastasia are equally aligned in our service philosophies and our dedication to continued growth to best serve our clients,” said Sax managing partner Joseph Damiano in a statement. “We are excited to welcome Charlie and his team to Sax.  This partnership is a significant milestone for Sax, as our firm looks forward to leveraging this partnership to deliver enhanced value and innovative solutions to its clients across the region.”

As a result of the deal, Sax is now a 62-partner firm with 367 total employees and now has five offices between New Jersey, New York, and Mumbai, India, and a remote team spanning 22 U.S. states.  Will Walsh of 1LifeConsulting, LLC consulted on the transaction.

Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Sax ranked No. 66 on Accounting Today‘s 2025 list of the Top 100 Firms, with $109 million in annual revenue.

“I am thrilled to join Sax and contribute to the firm’s already impressive legacy,” Anastasia said in a statement. “This acquisition represents a unique opportunity to combine our strengths and deepen our commitment to delivering exceptional service to our clients. I look forward to working with Sax’s real estate practice and helping our clients navigate the complexities of the industry with innovative solutions and personalized guidance.”

In 2023, Sax merged in Schall & Ashenfarb CPAs, a firm based in New York. In 2022, Sax acquired David Weiss CPA, also in New York.

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Accounting

Climate risk could slash earnings 7% by 2035

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Climate change-driven devaluations could drop corporate earnings up to 7.3% by 2035, a report found.

Extreme weather events like wildfires, hurricanes, floods and heatwaves are reshaping economies, disrupting supply chains, raising operational costs and threatening long-term business stability. Big Four Firm KPMG’s 2025 Futures Report, published Monday, found these weather disasters cost U.S. companies $217 billion in 2024, an 85% increase from the year prior. 

Currently only 48% of companies quantitatively assess climate risks, despite its strategic and financial advantages and amid intensifying investor scrutiny. But business strategies will inevitably have to evolve in order to keep up with the ramifications of climate change. 

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The 2022 Mosquito fire near Volcanoville, California.

Benjamin Fanjoy/Bloomberg

“In the near term, we are certainly seeing organizations increase their focus on wrapping their heads around immediate physical risks — to their assets, to their supply chains, to business resiliency,” Marcus Leach, KPMG’s managing director of deal advisory and strategy, said in the report. “A lot of this is still being handled manually, using more static models from historical data. It’s like looking at the one-in-100-year storm event as a benchmark, but that’s no longer enough.”

“In the longer term, you will see mandates around more dynamic modeling, driven by AI and better computing power, to predict things like convective storms, flooding, and wildfires,” he continued. “The risk focus will shift from static assumptions to real-time, constantly updated models. Companies that do not integrate this planning into their risk strategies will be caught off guard as climate events continue to escalate in frequency and severity.” 

(Read more: “ESG: Accountants’ opportunity to lose”)

One of the biggest challenges businesses face in meeting their sustainability goals is lack of funding directed toward areas like upgrading infrastructure, diversifying supply chains and securing stable energy sources. 

“The reality is that many organizations have identified the risks, but they haven’t necessarily done the work to adapt,” KPMG’s U.S. sustainability leader Maura Hodge said in the report. “They know there’s a 27% chance of their operations being interrupted by a flood, but they haven’t built redundancy into their supply chains or made infrastructure changes to mitigate those risks.”

Another major challenge is the ever-changing and inconsistent adoption of regulation across jurisdictions. 

“What we’re trying to help companies understand is that reporting is not just about compliance — it’s about strategy and value creation,” Hodge said. “If you’re spending all your time and resources getting compliant, but not using that data to inform business decisions, then you’re missing the point.”

“Historically, only companies that wanted to be ‘leaders’ in sustainability did climate reporting, and they could pick and choose what they reported,” Hodge added. “Now, with SEC regulations and Europe’s CSRD coming into play, transparency and comparability are being forced onto the market.”

The KPMG report also discussed topics like artificial superintelligence, quantum computing, space economy, computing infrastructure and advanced manufacturing.

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