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Accounting

Tax Strategy: 2024 year-end tax planning

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As was the case in 2023, 2024 has so far not produced significant tax legislation impacting year-end tax planning. However, it continues to be impacted by tax legislation enacted in prior years, including the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, SECURE 2.0, and the Inflation Reduction Act. Those pieces of legislation included deferred effective dates, some of which become effective in 2024, and/or sunset and phase-out dates that can also impact tax planning in 2024.

Inflation adjustments

Like every year, many of the dollar amounts associated with tax provisions are adjusted for inflation. As the inflation rate has declined over the last couple of years, the inflation adjustments for 2024 are somewhat smaller than they were for 2022 and 2023.

  • Tax brackets: The continued inflation adjustments to the tax brackets will result in reduced taxes on taxable incomes that are at the same level as in 2023.
  • Standard deduction: The significantly increased standard deduction from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act continues to be adjusted for inflation for 2024 to $14,600 for single filers, $21,900 for head of household filers, and $29,200 for joint filers. This will continue to make the standard deduction more attractive to many taxpayers than itemizing deductions. This simplifies tax return preparation for taxpayers claiming the standard deduction, but may also affect taxpayer behavior since taxpayers claiming the standard deduction no longer get a tax benefit from activities such as charitable giving and home ownership.
  • Estate and gift tax unified credit: The significantly increased unified credit from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act continues to be adjusted for inflation in 2024 to $13,610,000.
  • Retirement plans: Inflation adjustments for 2024 to retirement provisions include IRA contribution limits to $7,000 from $6,500, with the catch-up amount remaining $1,000. Limits for 401(k) plan contributions increased to $23,000 for 2024, with a limit of $30,500 for those age 50 and over.

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

The individual provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act currently expire after 2025. They therefore remain effective for 2024 and 2025. However, some of the expiring provisions may warrant tax planning for 2024 and 2025. If the standard deduction is significantly reduced, taxpayers may consider taking steps to postpone charitable contributions until 2026 when itemized deductions are likely to be more beneficial.

A close up of the capital building with an American flag

Wealthier taxpayers facing a halving of the unified credit in 2026 may wish to consider gifts in 2024 and 2025 to reduce the taxable estate before 2026. The Supreme Court’s decision this year in Connelly holding that a contractual obligation to redeem a deceased shareholder’s shares at fair market value is not necessarily a liability that reduces the corporation’s value for federal estate tax purposes warrants a review, and perhaps restructuring of buy-sell agreements, with even the Supreme Court suggesting the use of cross-purchase agreements between shareholders.

Many of the business provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act were made permanent. A few, however, have already expired or are phasing out. These include the full expensing of research and experimental costs, the limits on deduction of business interest, and bonus depreciation. Congress has made efforts to restore these provisions in legislation that has passed the House but has so far failed to pass the Senate. Restoration of these provisions was tied to an increase in the Child Tax Credit. For 2024, therefore, these provisions remain in their phase-out status and have not yet been restored. The legislative proposals would have restored them retroactively; however, as time passes, it is not clear that retroactive restoration would be retained.

SECURE 2.0

SECURE 2.0 made many retirement-related changes to the Tax Code, with many phased in over a period of years, including 2024. It added several new provisions for penalty-free distributions from retirement accounts. In addition to terminal illnesses and qualified disasters effective for 2023, it also added, effective for 2024, penalty-free withdrawals up to $1,000 for emergency expenses and withdrawals of the lesser of $10,000 or 50% of the account value in cases of domestic abuse.

The law also added a provision for employer 401(k) matching of employee student loan payments, and made several enhancements to SIMPLE plans, several of which became effective for 2024. Effective 2024 and later, 529 plan beneficiaries can roll over an aggregate of $35,000 in excess funds to a Roth IRA, and starting in 2024, employers without a retirement plan are entitled to a tax break for starter 401(k) plans or 403(b) safe harbor plans.

The act had required beneficiaries of inherited IRAs who were not eligible designated beneficiaries such as spouses to take distributions within 10 years of the IRA owner’s death. The IRS later clarified that, if the IRA owner had started required minimum distributions before death, the beneficiary was required to take the distributions ratably over the 10-year period rather than at the end of the 10-year period. Since many taxpayers and tax practitioners had not anticipated the ratable distribution requirement, the IRS agreed to waive penalties for failure to make required minimum distributions in 2022 and 2023 and has now also waived penalties for failure to make required minimum distributions in 2024 for IRA owners who died in 2023.

Starting in 2024, required minimum distributions are no longer required from designated Roth accounts.

Inflation Reduction Act

Many of the provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act, enacted in 2022, have delayed effective dates. Provisions becoming effective for 2024 include:

  • Clean vehicle credit transfer: The rules for transfer to a dealer of the clean vehicle credit apply to vehicles placed in service after Dec. 31, 2023.
  • Zero-emission nuclear power: The new zero-emission nuclear power production credit applies to electricity produced and sold after Dec. 31, 2023.

Digital asset reporting

The expansion of broker reporting of digital asset transactions on Form 1099-B and the new Form 1099-DA has been proposed and delayed for several years. Currently, the reporting rules for Form 1099-DA do not apply until 2025 and the requirement for cost-basis reporting until 2026.

Third-party reporting

The requirement for third-party payment processor reporting has also been delayed for a few years. For 2024, reporting on Form 1099-K is required if the taxpayer receives $5,000 or more. Under current law, this is still scheduled to phase down to $600, although proposals have been made in Congress to increase the reporting limit.

Summary

In addition to these tax law changes effective for 2024, the usual tax planning strategies remain in effect. These include postponing income and accelerating deductions; bunching itemized deductions every other year and taking the standard deduction in the off year; year-end review of investments for possible offset of capital gains and losses; and maximizing charitable contributions and qualified retirement plan contributions. Proposals from the presidential candidates, even if some are eventually enacted, are not likely to have a direct impact on 2024 tax returns.

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Accounting

Acumatica launches version supporting professional services like engineers and consultants

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Cloud solutions provider Acumatica announced the release of its Professional Services Edition, made to help support accounting and project management tasks for consultants, engineers, architects and other professionals. 

“These industry trends and direct feedback from the Acumatica Community were the main drivers for creating the Professional Services Edition, with customers, partners and developers voting it a must-have solution,” said Jeremy Larsen, vice president of product management at Acumatica. “The professional services industry is an underserved market for technology companies, providing a significant opportunity for innovation. As the fourth-largest vertical of customers we already serve, our partners have expressed strong enthusiasm about the potential impact of this release.”

The business management solution was built to address the unique challenges faced in the professional services industry, such as inefficiencies in quote-to-project setup, industry-specific billing rate structures, and customer support management. Features includes project accounting, compliance management, and AI-driven workflow automation. 

Acumatica offices

Specifically, users have access to Acumatica Financial Management, which has standard financial processes (GL/AP/AR) and reports, with additional options for multi-company, multicurrency, intercompany accounting, fixed assets, and cash management. They can also access accounts payable cost transactions related to progress billing lines from the pro forma side panel for timely vendor payments and increased billing accuracy, and tie revenue recognition to project milestones or deliverables.

It can also progress billing by percentage of completion or by quantity. Users can also manage AP workflows, from entering an invoice through approval routing and checks. Meanwhile, customer billing capacities, driven by real-time project costing, provide up-to-date labor, material, equipment, and other costs, letting users identify problem areas in current jobs and improve future project estimates.

The Professional Services Edition also boasts the ability to capture time and expense from any device, entries for which then flow to project accounting for costs and expenses related to projects or specific project tasks. Billable activities can also be marked up depending on the project, task, employee, or activity performed. The solution also has integrated payment capacities that automates accounts receivable processing to reduce back-office workloads and get paid faster.

Other payment-related features include click-to-pay links, and a self-service portal which streamlines communication with push notifications, giving customers access to support cases and payment options. The software can also specify tax calculations directly in the project and automatically retrieve and calculate all invoices, purchase orders, subcontracts, and expenses.

Project management capacities include the ability to access a complete view of project details, letting users manage and track all activities, issues, and changes, including daily field reports, actual costs, and cost projections from one central area. They can also ensure resource availability to allocate staff, equipment, and technology by team, department, and timeframe, letting users assign tasks and workflows to manage project resources and tie the costs to the project budget. Field reporting and mobility features help ensure everyone has the same project data from the field or anywhere they work and remotely enter time and expense details. There are also project productivity and insights features which use side panels for a quick and comprehensive view of key project data without navigating out of the current window. 

The new edition also features embedded customer relationship management solutions that help firms to keep detailed records of client interactions, proposals, manage contracts, payments, renewals, and compliance documents. They can also control cost overruns by automating project commitments and change order processes, meaning users can manage back charges or reduction in vendor commitments through the entry of a negative change order, as well as  streamline change orders for multiple projects with unit rate changes, custom retainage, and cost-only change requests. 

“Professional services firms face intense competition and require advanced business management technology to enhance operations and drive future growth,” said Jason Leveson, principal at Revive ERP, an Acumatica partner. “Acumatica’s Professional Services Edition is a smart step in providing these firms with the tools they need to stay agile, scale effectively and maintain a competitive edge in an ever-evolving market.”

The Professional Services Edition joins Acumatica’s existing suite, which includes the Construction Edition, Manufacturing Edition, Distribution Edition, Retail Edition and General Business Edition.

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Accounting

Tax scammers on the prowl after hurricanes

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Hurricane Milton damage in Florida
Destroyed homes after Hurricane Milton in St. Pete Beach, Florida, on Oct. 10.

Tristan Wheelock/Bloomberg

Scammers are using fake charities in the wake of Hurricanes Milton and Helene to harvest personal and financial data from unsuspecting taxpayers.

“You should never feel pressured by solicitors to immediately give to a charity,” said Commissioner Danny Werfel in a statement from the IRS, which issued the warning. “Verify if they’re authentic first.”

Tips to verify charities and spot fake ones:

  • Scammers frequently use names that sound like well-known charities to confuse people. Fake charity promoters may also use bogus emails or fake websites or alter or “spoof” their caller ID to make themselves look like a real charity. Ask the fundraiser for the charity’s name, website and mailing address. Check the Tax-Exempt Organization Search tool on IRS.gov to help find or verify legitimate charities.
  • Never work with charities that ask for donations by giving numbers from a gift card or wiring money. It’s safest to pay by credit card or check, and only after verifying the charity is real.
  • Scammers want both money and personal information. Never disclose Social Security numbers, credit card numbers or personal identification numbers
  • Scammers often pressure people into making an immediate payment. In contrast, legitimate charities are happy to get a donation at any time.

The IRS has other background on its Charity and Disaster Fraud page.

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Accounting

The digital transformation of audit: Our Moneyball moment

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In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, the expectations placed on auditors and advisors are shifting significantly. 

As finance functions within organizations embrace technological advancements, there is mounting pressure on public accounting firms to match or exceed the pace of change and sophistication of their clients to perform their expected role.

Recent industry research indicates clients are noticing this growing gap in capabilities. Businesses are actively seeking accounting firms offering a more progressive approach, with 55% wanting an audit that can scale and support their growth goals and expectations. Further, 67% feel audits can provide valuable insights in these areas, but feel the current process is hindering this (“What modern businesses want from their audits”). 

Many accounting firms are excited by high-margin and high-growth advisory services. There is a huge amount of opportunity in this area, including services such as ESG, digital transformation, and AI strategy. 

But how can a firm pitch a credible offering to a company in these areas if their core services such as audit and tax are still highly manual? Discussing cyber risks and data security feels disingenuous while their teams drown in spreadsheets as their desktop software synchronizes.

Public accounting firms need to eat their own dog food, digitally transforming their own business to provide a credible and broad suite of valuable compliance and advisory services to clients. These war stories and firsthand experiences are what bring to life the page in the sales brochure.

The Oakland Athletics show the way

Over the past decade, technology has made significant advances. Just look at the NASDAQ’s most valuable companies by market capitalization: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, and NVIDIA — all companies built on the value of technology and data.

Yet, in the auditing profession many firms remain cautious over new technology. Some recite that audit standards have not been updated to endorse such technologies and until this happens, they won’t change: “The audit standards are still written assuming the auditor cannot review all transactions and must sample, so why would I use data analytics to analyze all the transactions?”

This mindset has led many to stick to traditional methods, feeling unable to change despite the clear benefits that modern technology can offer.

This might be audit’s Moneyball moment.

The story of the 2002 Oakland Athletics is well known and has been told more broadly through the hit film “Moneyball,” starring Brad Pitt. 

The rules of baseball do not significantly change from year to year. There was no major change ahead of the 2002 season. Yet one team decided to take a new approach to the game.

Auditing technology concept image

WrightStudio – stock.adobe.com

Rather than leaning on the traditional scouting approaches and views of those who had been in baseball all their lives, Billy Beane decided to embrace statistical analysis. As the general manager, he brought onto his team players undervalued by these traditional scouting methods. He adopted a data-driven approach to team-building and playing the game of baseball.

So, the rules of the game hadn’t changed, but one team decided to play the game differently within those existing rules. The Oakland Athletics chose to use data over the traditional approach. They set new records and stood shoulder-to-shoulder with teams that had far greater resources. 

Now every baseball team has embraced what Billy Beane started, and we have seen the same in other sports like the football. “Analytics” was originally scoffed at by commentators and former players. Now it is an integral part of everything from draft selection to in-game strategy.

The audit standards are akin to the rules of baseball. The rules do not need to change for a better way to play the game to be possible. The standards do not need to change for there to be a better way of auditing.

Digital audits are a way of leveraging data, data analytics, and modern technologies to deliver more efficient and valuable audits, while safely complying with the existing audit standards.

The role of governing bodies: Ensuring innovation and progress

Professional bodies, regulators, and standard-setters play a crucial role in helping firms navigate change. Innovation within firms brings greater creativity and variation to the way traditional services like audit are being performed. While evolving the rulebook is required, the process to change audit standards is necessarily deliberate, considered, and therefore slow. 

So, governing bodies must stay close to firms and the solution providers they are working with to drive innovation. Understanding new techniques as they are being conceived and trialed, not after they have matured and then witnessed in an audit inspection, could shorten this feedback loop by multiple years.

This level of transparency and collaboration requires trust. Professional bodies who see demand from their members for support as an opportunity to step in as a direct solution provider should be mindful of the impact. This changes relationships with solution providers and introduces conflicts to their role of advancing the profession.

In the U.K., there have been several positive initiatives aimed at fostering the collaborative advancement of the audit profession. Following comprehensive government-commissioned reports such as the Kingman and Brydon Reviews, UK audit firms have been redefining their operations and what an audit represents. 

The Financial Reporting Council, the U.K.’s audit regulator, has launched sandbox and other experimentation initiatives to support firms exploring more innovative auditing techniques. The professional body, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales, has also embedded modern commercially available auditing technology directly within their accountancy exams to teach students digital auditing skills.

The U.S. could learn a lot from experiences on the other side of the Atlantic … .

The changing landscape of solution providers

For many years, public accounting firms have faced limited audit solution choice. 

This lack of competition has caused the market to circle the drain. Accounting firms have felt trapped by audit methodologies written generations ago, housed in desktop software which survived the millennium bug. This has then caused a chronic underinvestment in the market by the incumbent providers.

But the rise of cloud computing is driving a movement towards smaller, more agile providers, often with Big Four experience. They have developed enterprise-ready platforms leveraging the infrastructure and security of Microsoft Azure and other cloud providers. This means David can take on Goliath — but this time with more powerful capabilities.

The competition brought by more agile solution providers benefits CPA firms by:

  1. Offering more choice and new ideas;
  2. Providing more implementation support and guidance; and,
  3. Pressuring incumbents to modernize their offerings.

These solution providers are still evolving. Some come heavily backed by venture capital and private equity. Others have been successful in organically growing their business, as large firms early-adopted their solution. While the difference may seem subtle, the question remains whether in the long term these new vendors will take on, or be acquired by, the larger incumbent vendors.
This may ultimately come down to product strategy. Those offering narrow point-solutions may more naturally become target acquisitions for the large vendors with holes in their offerings. Or as territory defense. Those building rival suites, or committing to progressive partnerships to create alternative suites will more likely go long and create a healthier competitive landscape into the future.

Stop talking about the future of audit

There is a generational change in motion within the audit profession. Almost every CPA firm will review, and likely change, their audit technology in the next three years. 

They will ditch the desktop. But will they simply crawl to the cloud, doing the same work in a different place?

Or will they deploy digital, embracing data and automation to skip a step and make a more progressive change?

Firms that go digital will achieve greater efficiencies through automation. But more important, they will strategically position themselves to more easily embrace future technology advancements — embedding the skillsets and data disciplines required to capitalize on artificial intelligence and all the new innovations we are yet to experience.

And it is worth considering given the severe talent challenges — firms that are embracing technology are more attractive employers for those now looking to start and continue a career in accounting.

Traditional British pubs have a sign behind the bar stating the beer will be free tomorrow. But tomorrow never comes.

It’s time to stop listening to the theoretical presentations on the future of audit. The technology is here. More innovative innovation partners are here. CPA firms are implementing a digital audit approach and being successful. 

The relevance of the audit service to the needs of modern business may be judged in future years on the strategic decisions that accounting firm leaders make over the coming years.

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