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Citigroup lifts banking curbs on gun makers and sellers

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Signage at a Citibank branch in New York, US, on Sunday, Jan. 12, 2025.

Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Citigroup on Tuesday ended a seven-year-old policy restricting how it provides banking services to firearm manufacturers, sellers and resellers.

The bank launched the policy in March 2018 after a teenage gunman killed 17 people and injured more than a dozen in a mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on Feb. 14 that year.

Citi said at the time that it would require clients to “adhere to these best practices: (1) they don’t sell firearms to someone who hasn’t passed a background check, (2) they restrict the sale of firearms for individuals under 21 years of age, and (3) they don’t sell bump stocks or high-capacity magazines.”

The bank’s policy applied only to its business clients, ranging from small businesses to Fortune 500-sized companies. It did not restrict how Citi’s personal banking customers used their cards. Citi says it provides banking services to more than 19,000 companies globally.

“As a society, we all know that something needs to change. And as a company, we feel we must do our part,” Citigroup Executive Vice President of Enterprise Services and Public Affairs Ed Skyler said in 2018.

But Skyler says things have changed. “The policy was intended to promote the adoption of best sales practices as prudent risk management and didn’t address the manufacturing of firearms,” he wrote Tuesday in a blog post announcing that Citi “will no longer have a specific policy as it relates to firearms.”

“Many retailers have been following these best practices,” Skyler wrote, “and we hope communities and lawmakers will continue to seek out ways to prevent the tragic consequences of gun violence.”

A spokesperson for the March for Our Lives, a gun-control advocacy group organized in part by students who survived the Parkland massacre, didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.

The change at Citigroup comes amid broader political pressure over so-called “debanking,” with influential tech leaders and right-wing officials having alleged in recent years that the Biden administration was improperly blocking certain people, including cryptocurrency proponents and conservatives, from banking services.

That argument hasn’t gone away since President Donald Trump returned to the White House; he confronted the CEOs of America’s two largest banks — Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase — with similar complaints at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, earlier this year. Both banks said at the time that they would never close an account for political reasons. Bank of America said, “We welcome conservatives and have no political litmus test.”

Citi said Tuesday that it would “update our employee Code of Conduct and our customer-facing Global Financial Access Policy to clearly state that we do not discriminate on the basis of political affiliation in the same way we are clear that we do not discriminate on the basis of other traits such as race and religion. This will codify what we’ve long practiced, and we will continue to conduct trainings to ensure compliance.”

Banking executives have repeatedly said they terminate banking services only when there are issues with anti-money laundering laws or know-your-client regulations, not because of political affiliations.

“We bank 70 million American consumers so our bank is open to everybody,” Bank of American CEO Brian Moynihan later said.

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China’s quickly gaining an edge over the U.S. in biotech

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Two graduate students research chemical products in a laboratory in Xiwangzhuang Town, Zaozhuang City, Shandong province of China, on Dec. 26, 2023.

Nurphoto | Nurphoto | Getty Images

BEIJING — For all the attention on U.S.-China competition in artificial intelligence, new studies point to China’s rapid rise in biotechnology, especially for drug and agricultural development.

Out of five critical tech sectors, “China has the most immediate opportunity to overtake the United States in biotechnology,” the Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs said Thursday in its release of a “Critical and Emerging Technologies Index,” covering AI, biotech, semiconductors, space and quantum.

While the U.S. is still the leader in all five, “the narrow U.S.-China gap [in biotech] suggests that future developments could quickly shift the global balance of power,” the report said.

The assessment echoes growing concerns in Washington. In fact, the U.S. National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology struck a more urgent tone in an April report, citing two years of research.

“There will be a ChatGPT moment for biotechnology, and if China gets there first, no matter how fast we run, we will never catch up,” the bipartisan Congressional commission said in the report, referring to the transformative chatbot released by U.S.-based OpenAI.

“Our window to act is closing. We need a two-track strategy: make America innovate faster, and slow China down,” the commission said. It recommends that the U.S. government spend at least $15 billion over the next five years to support the domestic biotech sector.

China’s biotech industry has evolved to the point that U.S. and European pharmaceutical giants in the last several months have spent billions to acquire China-developed drugs that could treat cancer if commercialized with regulatory approval. In March, British pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca announced it will invest $2.5 billion in a research and development center in Beijing.

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The Harvard Belfer Center pointed out that China’s biotech strengths stem from its “dominance in pharmaceutical production and manufacturing,” in addition to having more human talent than the U.S.

China also has a “more flexible regulatory regime and the ability to push things out faster,” Cynthia Y. Tong, one of the Harvard report’s authors, told CNBC in an interview Thursday. She noted that the U.S. tends to have a longer approval process, as well as more drawn out research and development period.

And just as China is developing its biotech sector, reports from the U.S. biotech hub of Cambridge and Boston are revealing layoffs and empty labs.

A big strategy

China has long used multi-year plans and preferential state policies to encourage the development of key technologies. Biotech is no different, gaining high-level support back in 2007.

“Currently, the U.S. government has no cohesive, intentional biotechnology strategy, while China is gaining ground thanks to its aggressive and carefully coordinated state-led initiatives,” the U.S. security commission said.

The worry is that just as Chinese restrictions on rare earths start to hit car manufacturers, Chinese dominance in biotech could become yet another form of leverage for Beijing over the U.S. and other countries.

“The likelihood there’s going to be cooperation [between the] U.S. and China on anything is very low, in some ways least likely on biotech and AI” because of the congressional report, said Eric Rosenbach, director of the defense, emerging technology, and strategy program at Harvard’s Belfer Center. He was chief of staff at the U.S. Department of Defense from 2015 to 2017.

He expects more U.S. pressure on China.

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It remains to be seen what that would mean in practice for businesses — though some say the future of biotech development is inherently global.

Insilico Medicine, a startup using AI to cut drug discovery costs, relies on a global team spread across China, North America and the Middle East, according to its founder and CEO Alex Zhavoronkov. On Tuesday, the company announced with a paper in Nature Medicine that it was the first to see successful clinical testing with an AI-discovered drug.

While Insilico’s AI work typically happens in Canada and Abu Dhabi, the chemical testing and experiments are done in China, Zhavoronkov said, adding that the head of clinical development is in Boston. He declined to comment on a commercialization timeline in light of conversations with regulators.

Other data shows that China has surpassed the U.S. in the number of clinical trials conducted, seen significant patent growth and boasts the most life sciences construction activity in the world.

China-based Capital O venture partner Yang Fan, who previously worked in the pharmaceutical industry, said he expects the best biotech companies of the future will navigate different countries’ regulations and use resources across the globe, if not benefit from arbitrage opportunities given different requirements and cost of entry in various markets.

“The Chinese market is like a big supermarket for anything that can be commoditized, AI or biotechnology,” he said, adding that new startups in China have to be “really good” to stand out. As AI drives innovation costs down, Fan predicts that in biotech, “the real DeepSeek moment is probably going to happen in five years.”

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Personal finance expert tackles ‘widespread’ financial misconceptions

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Managing one’s finances can be challenging, especially when faced with conflicting – and often wrong – information fed to people, especially on social media. 

Buying into common misconceptions surrounding money can be harmful, putting someone on their back foot when it comes to financial health. 

Jonathan Kim, a personal finance expert and the head of finance at online savings platform Raisin, took aim at in an interview with FOX Business, including the idea that “it’s not worth saving unless you can put away a lot,” buy now, pay later being a good budgeting tool, and a high salary being synonymous with financial success.

He also pushed back against the suggestion that people do not need savings accounts and that saving money should not occur before someone is debt-free.

“Some of these thoughts about paying off debt before saving, and not having a full understanding of why you might need savings and why certain debt actually might not be terrible, I think, is a widespread thing,” Kim said.

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The misconception that “it’s just not worth saving right now unless you can put away a lot” is a common one that he said he has seen on social media. 

Kim said it’s “pretty easy to fall into this trap where you’re thinking, ‘If I can’t save X percent or X dollar amount, it’s just not worth the effort,’ and that’s a little too outcome-oriented for me.” 

businessman with hand over piggy bank

Financial expert Jonathan Kim suggests that “starting with something like $10 a week can help build that financial resilience and can build a habit that sticks with you.” (iStock / iStock)

He said consistency with saving was important, noting that even “starting with something like $10 a week can help build that financial resilience and can build a habit that sticks with you as you progress.” 

When it comes to high salaries and financial success, Kim said, there is “this myth and this propaganda” that a high salary equates to financial success when, in reality, financial health is more about managing money wisely. 

Taking home a big paycheck is “obviously a wonderful thing, but I think it’s also very true that lifestyle creep is a very, very real thing, and if you don’t have the financial discipline and conscious saving and spending habits, it’s actually quite easy to just let lifestyle creep happen to you, and you find yourself struggling financially even after you’ve gotten that raise or that promotion or that new job,” Kim said. 

Budgeting can be a helpful tool to prevent lifestyle creep, Kim said, while also pushing back on the idea that it has “to be perfect” to work. 

“You can have just a general understanding of what’s going in and what’s going out to get you started,” he said. “And once you have that tracked, if you look at it over time, you can see ‘oh, I was only spending X amount, now I’m spending X times two. What happened there?’”

He also said that budgeting helps people “spend intentionally” and does not mean someone has to forgo “everything that brings you joy” to solely focus on necessities. 

Kim touched on buy now, pay later services and whether it can be a good budgeting tool.

Buy now, pay later has become increasingly common in recent years as people look to split up and finance smaller purchases. 

klarna

Members of the public pass by a floor advertisement for tech firm Klarna, a European ecommerce company which allows users to buy now, pay later, or pay in installments. (Daniel Harvey Gonzalez/In Pictures via Getty Images / Getty Images)

“If you are buying now and paying later because you don’t have the money now, that means you can’t afford it,” he told FOX Business. “So if you can’t afford it today, you can’t afford it and so by that context, buy now, pay later encourages overspending, and that can lead to you accumulating debt, which then earns interest, and then you find yourself going down that rabbit hole of bad financial habits.” 

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He said that was “kind of intertwined” with another misconception of people having to pay off all their debt before socking away money as savings. 

“If you have high interest debt, like credit card debt, a variable mortgage, student loan debt, anything that could really hurt you or an interest rate can just go up, you certainly want to pay that off,” Kim said. “But at the same time, the other side is that you may be lucky enough to be a person where you got a mortgage five years ago and your mortgage rate is very, very low. In that sense, it wouldn’t make sense to pay that off immediately.”

Building savings while simultaneously making a dent in debt can be very beneficial.

He said it was important to have a financial plan and pay off debt but noted “things can happen in your life,” so setting up an emergency fund by saving can prevent the snowballing of debt and interest should something happen. 

He also said having a savings account was better than just using a checking account.

When someone keeps all their money in a checking account, it can be “actually easier to spend and harder to track your goals,” according to Kim. 

Couple personal finance

Setting up an emergency fund by saving can prevent the snowballing of debt and interest should something happen. (iStock / iStock)

He noted balances in checking accounts can rise and fall with expenditures and income, making savings difficult to monitor. Many also offer very low or no interest on funds “so your money is actually not working for you,” according to Kim. 

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A dedicated savings account can establish a “physical boundary, in some senses, where you can see that that money is separate, and you can see it grow over time, which gives you a sense of accomplishment and keeps you going in some sense as it builds,” he said.

They can have high interest rates that will help the savings passively grow over time, he added.

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