Connect with us

Personal Finance

Factors to consider before refinancing a loan, according to experts

Published

on

Moyo Studio | E+ | Getty Images

The Federal Reserve announced a half percentage point, or 50 basis points, interest rate cut at the end of its two-day meeting Wednesday. And, naturally, some Americans will want to make the most of the central bank’s first rate cut since the early days of the Covid pandemic.

“How quickly the impact of lower rates is felt depends on whether households have variable or fixed financing rates” said Stephen Foerster, professor of finance at Ivey Business School in London, Ontario, Canada. Some adjust fairly quickly, others don’t reset at all.

That is, unless you can refinance.

According to a recent report from Nerdwallet, 18% of consumers said they planned to refinance a loan once rates go down. The financial services site polled more than 2,000 U.S. adults in July.

While taking advantage of lower rates could make financial sense, there are often other considerations, as well, depending on the type of loan, experts say.  

More from Personal Finance:
Here’s what the Fed rate cut means for your wallet
The ‘vibecession’ is ending as the economy nails a soft landing
More Americans are struggling even as inflation cools

No ‘universal rule’ for refinancing a mortgage

Mortgage refinancing boom is already happening, says United Wholesale Mortgage CEO

“There isn’t a universal rule for when people should think about refinancing a mortgage,” Channel said. “Some people will tell you that you shouldn’t think about refinancing until you could get a rate that’s at least 50 basis points lower than what you currently have, others will say that you should wait until you could get a rate that’s 100 or more basis points lower.”

Other factors to consider are your creditworthiness, which will ultimately determine what rate you can qualify for, as well as the closing costs, which typically run 2% to 6% of your loan amount to refinance, according to LendingTree.

“There’s no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of whether or not somebody should refinance their mortgage,” Channel said.

Don’t wait to reassess credit card debt

When it comes to credit card debt, the math is a little more cut and dried.

Since most credit cards have a variable rate, there’s a direct connection to the Fed’s benchmark. In the wake of the rate hike cycle, the average credit card rate rose from 16.34% in March 2022 to more than 20% today — nearing an all-time high. Those APRs will edge lower now, but not significantly.

No matter what the Fed does, refinancing high-interest credit card debt is a good move, according to Matt Schulz, chief credit analyst at LendingTree.

“A 0% balance transfer card is likely your best choice, assuming you have good enough credit to get one,” he said. “A low-interest personal loan can be a good tool, as well.”

U.S. car loans total $1.5 trillion. Why consumers are struggling

Alternatively, borrowers can call their card issuer and ask for a lower interest rate on their current card. The average reduction is about 6 percentage points, one LendingTree survey found. “That’s like going from 25% to 19% and is way, way more impactful than anything the Fed’s going to do,” Schulz said.

Auto loan refi options depend on equity

Although auto loans are fixed, the rates on new-car loans will come down with the Fed’s moves.

But for those with existing auto loan debt, refinancing is not a given.

“An auto loan’s interest is weighted more towards the beginning of the loan; therefore, if you’ve had the loan for a year or two, you’ve already paid quite a bit in interest,” said Ivan Drury, Edmunds’ director of insights. “Even though lowering your rate makes the monthly payment less, it could result in paying more interest over the life of the loan.”

In addition, “if you were paying mostly interest, you might not have enough equity — or any — to really leverage the lower rates,” he said, unless you put more cash toward refinancing and take out a smaller loan.

Consumers may benefit more from improving their credit scores, which could pave the way to substantially better loan terms, he said.

Refinancing student debt can come with risks

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Maximum Social Security retirement benefit: Here’s who qualifies

Published

on

Twenty47studio | Moment | Getty Images

Millions of Social Security beneficiaries will benefit from the 2.5% cost-of-living adjustment for 2025, set to take effect in January.

With that increase, the maximum Social Security benefit for a worker retiring at full retirement age will jump to $4,018 per month, up from $3,822 per month this year, according to the Social Security Administration.

But while those maximum benefits will see a $196 monthly increase, retirement benefits will go up by about $50 per month on average, according to the agency.

The average monthly benefit for retired workers is expected to increase to $1,976 per month in 2025, a $49 increase from $1,927 per month as of this year, according to the Social Security Administration.

Who gets maximum Social Security benefits?

The highest Social Security benefits generally go to people who have had maximum earnings their entire working career, according to Paul Van de Water, a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

That cohort generally includes a “very small number of people,” he said.

Because Social Security retirement benefits are calculated based on the highest 35 years of earnings, workers need to consistently have wages up to that threshold to earn the maximum retirement benefit.

“Very few people start out at age 21 earning the maximum level,” Van de Water said.

Social Security is a key issue for voters, survey finds: Here’s how to maximize benefits

Workers contribute payroll taxes to Social Security up to what is known as a taxable maximum.

In 2024, a 6.2% tax paid by both workers and employers (or 12.4% for self-employed workers) applies to up to $168,600 in earnings. In 2025, that will go up to $176,100.

Notably, that limit applies only to wages that are subject to federal payroll taxes. If a wealthy person has other sources of income, for example from investments that do not require payroll tax contributions, that will not affect the size of their Social Security benefits, said Jim Blair, vice president of Premier Social Security Consulting and a former Social Security administrator.

How can you increase your Social Security benefits?   

There are beneficiaries who are receiving Social Security checks amounting to more than $4,000 per month, and they usually have waited to claim until age 70, according to Blair.

“Technically, waiting until 70 gets you the most amount of Social Security benefits,” Blair said.

By claiming retirement benefits at the earliest possible age — 62 — beneficiaries receive permanently reduced benefits.

At full retirement age — either 66 or 67, depending on date of birth — retirees receive 100% of the benefits they’ve earned.

And by waiting from full retirement age up to age 70, beneficiaries stand to receive an 8% benefit boost per year.

By waiting from age 62 to 70, beneficiaries may see a 77% increase in benefits.

More from Personal Finance:
House may force vote on bill affecting pensioners’ Social Security benefits
Why children miss out on Social Security survivor benefits
72% of Americans worry Social Security will run out in their lifetimes

However, because everyone’s circumstances are different, it may not always make sense to wait until the highest possible claiming age, Blair said.

Prospective beneficiaries need to evaluate not only how their claiming decision will impact them individually, but also their spouse and any dependents, he said.

“You have to look at your own situation before you apply,” Blair said.

Also, it is important for prospective beneficiaries to create an online My Social Security account to review their benefit statements, he said. That will show estimates of future benefits and the earnings history the agency has on record.

Because that earnings information is used to calculate benefits, individuals should double check that information to make sure it is correct, Blair said. If it is not, they should contact the Social Security Administration to fix it.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Inherited IRA rules are changing in 2025 — here’s what to know

Published

on

Jacob Wackerhausen | Istock | Getty Images

What to know about the 10-year rule

Before the Secure Act of 2019, heirs could “stretch” inherited IRA withdrawals over their lifetime, which helped reduce yearly taxes.

But certain accounts inherited since 2020 are subject to the “10-year rule,” meaning IRAs must be empty by the 10th year following the original account owner’s death. The rule applies to heirs who are not a spouse, minor child, disabled, chronically ill or certain trusts.

Since then, there’s been confusion about whether the heirs subject to the 10-year rule needed to take yearly withdrawals, known as required minimum distributions, or RMDs.

“You have a multi-dimensional matrix of outcomes for different inherited IRAs,” Dickson said. It’s important to understand how these rules impact your distribution strategy, he added.

After years of waived penalties, the IRS in July confirmed certain heirs will need to begin yearly RMDs from inherited accounts starting in 2025. The rule applies if the original account owner had reached their RMD age before death.

If you miss yearly RMDs or don’t take enough, there is a 25% penalty on the amount you should have withdrawn. But it’s possible to reduce the penalty to 10% if the RMD is “timely corrected” within two years, according to the IRS.

Consider ‘strategic distributions’

If you’re subject to the 10-year rule for your inherited IRA, spreading withdrawals evenly over the 10 years reduces taxes for most heirs, according to research released by Vanguard in June.

However, you should also consider “strategic distributions,” according to certified financial planner Judson Meinhart, director of financial planning at Modera Wealth Management in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

“It starts by understanding what your current marginal tax rate is” and how that could change over the 10-year window, he said.

Roth conversions on the rise: Here's what to know

For example, it could make sense to make withdrawals during lower-tax years, such as years of unemployment or early retirement before receiving Social Security payments. 

However, boosting adjusted gross income can trigger other consequences, such as eligibility for college financial aid, income-driven student loan payments or Medicare Part B and Part D premiums for retirees.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Nearly 2 in 5 cardholders have maxed out a credit card or come close

Published

on

Asiavision | E+ | Getty Images

Between higher prices and high interest rates, some Americans have had a hard time keeping up.

As a result, many are using more of their available credit and now, nearly 2 in 5 credit cardholders — 37% — have maxed out or come close to maxing out a credit card since the Federal Reserve began raising rates in March 2022, according to a new report by Bankrate.

Most borrowers who are over extended blame rising prices and a higher cost of living, Bankrate found.

Other reasons cardholders blame for maxing out a credit card or coming close include a job or income loss, an emergency expense, medical costs and too much discretionary spending.

“With limited options to absorb those higher costs, many low-income Americans have had no choice but to take on debt to afford costlier essentials — at a time when credit card rates are near record highs,” Sarah Foster, an analyst at Bankrate, said in a statement.

As prices crept higher, so did credit card balances.

The average balance per consumer now stands at $6,329, up 4.8% year over year, according to the latest credit industry insights report from TransUnion.

At the same time, the average credit card charges more than 20% interest — near an all-time high — and half of cardholders carry debt from month to month, according to another report by Bankrate.  

Carrying a higher balance has a direct impact on your utilization rate, the ratio of debt to total credit, and is one of the factors that can influence your credit score. Higher credit score borrowers typically have both higher limits and lower utilization rates.

More from Personal Finance:
Holiday shoppers plan to spend more
2.5% adjustment to Social Security benefits coming in 2025
‘Fantastic time’ to revisit bonds as interest rates fall

Credit experts generally advise borrowers to keep revolving debt below 30% of their available credit to limit the effect that high balances can have.

As of August, the aggregate credit card utilization rate was more than 21%, according to Bankrate’s analysis of Equifax data.

Still, “if you have five credit cards [with utilization rates around] 20%, you have a lot of debt out there,” said Howard Dvorkin, a certified public accountant and the chairman of Debt.com. “People are living a life that they can’t afford right now, and they are putting the balance on credit cards.”

Generation X at risk

Gen X most likely to max out their credit cards, survey finds

Potential problems ahead

Cardholders who have maxed out or come close to maxing out their credit cards are also more likely to become delinquent.

Credit card delinquency rates are already higher across the board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and TransUnion both reported.

“Consumers have been measured in taking on additional revolving debt despite the inflationary environment over the past few years, although there has been an uptick in delinquencies in recent months,” said Tom McGee, CEO of the International Council of Shopping Centers.

A debt is considered delinquent when a borrower misses a full billing cycle without making a payment, or what’s considered 30 days past due. That can damage your credit score and impact the interest rate you’ll pay for credit cards, car loans and mortgages — or whether you’ll get a loan at all.

Some of the best ways to improve your credit standing come down to paying your bills on time every month, and in full, if possible, Dvorkin said. “Understand that if you don’t, then whatever you buy, over time, will end up costing you double.”

Subscribe to CNBC on YouTube.

Continue Reading

Trending