Personal Finance
How Musk’s access to Treasury system may impact Social Security
The US Capitol building in Washington, DC, on November 24, 2024.
Daniel Slim | Afp | Getty Images
News that Department of Government Efficiency led by Elon Musk now has access to a government payment system that is responsible for $6 trillion in annual federal payments — including Social Security and Medicare benefits — has prompted criticism from Democratic lawmakers and advocates.
Yet in a new letter to Congress, the Treasury Department said the new development has not caused those benefit payments to be “delayed or re-routed.”
Last week, it was reported Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent granted access to the federal payment system to DOGE, an office within the President’s executive office. DOGE has been tasked with finding ways to reduce federal spending and increase government efficiency.
Democratic lawmakers and advocacy organizations have raised their concerns about what that could mean for the continuity of federal payments and access to Americans’ confidential information.
“Millions of Americans rely on these systems for Social Security checks, Medicare benefits, federal salaries, grants and tax refunds,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass, posted on X on Monday, calling the move “extraordinarily dangerous.”
Social Security beneficiaries “have every reason to be alarmed,” according to a statement from the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare.
“It all depends on what they [at DOGE] think is efficient and what isn’t efficient,” said Dan Adcock, director of government relations and policy at the National Committee.
“These programs are the lifelines of millions of people and seniors with disabilities throughout the country,” he said.
Under Musk, the government may have the ability to stop Social Security Disability Insurance payments, as well as other benefits such as Medicaid or Meals on Wheels, according to the National Committee.
Payments on federal contracts and foreign aid may also be affected, according to Lindsay Owens, executive director at Groundwork Collaborative.
The idea that a private citizen — unelected and unconfirmed by the Senate — was in possession of the Treasury payment system and had access to Americans’ personal financial and identifying information is “a five-alarm fire for us,” Owens said.
However, a White House official, who spoke on background, said many of the perceptions of what the change could mean are unfounded.
“All DOGE is looking to do is restructure the payment system to reflect the President’s goals and his mission, especially regarding the executive orders,” the White House Official said.
“Any payments going for Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, those are not at odds with the president’s executive order,” the official said. “Any assertion otherwise is just a lie.”
Moreover, any access to personal financial information will be limited to government employees who have proper security clearance to do so, the official said.
In a Tuesday letter to members of Congress, a Treasury Department official said the current review of the Fiscal Service that operates federal government payment systems “has not caused payments for obligations such as Social Security and Medicare to be delayed or re-routed.”
Further, Treasury staff members working with Treasury employee Tom Krause “will have read-only access to the coded data of the Fiscal Service’s payment systems in order to continue this operational efficiency assessment,” the official wrote. Krause, CEO of Cloud Software Group, had been working with DOGE and has been hired by the Treasury Department.
Federal worker ‘buyout’ may impact Social Security
The Trump administration has offered federal employees buyouts, whereby they may resign and get paid through September. Federal workers have until Feb. 6 to accept the resignation offers.
While reports suggest at least 20,000 federal employees have taken buyouts, that number isn’t current, according to a U.S. Office of Personnel Management spokesperson.
“The number of deferred resignations is rapidly growing, and we’re expecting the largest spike to come 24-48 hours before the deadline,” the Office of Personnel Management spokesperson said via email.
The policy may negatively impact the Social Security Administration, which already faces 25-year staffing lows, a group of Democratic senators said last week in a letter to the Office of Personnel Management.
“Trump’s buyout offer would have devastating consequences for the tens of millions of Americans who rely on Social Security,” Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-New York, said in a statement.
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The Social Security Administration has “historically struggled to provide essential services in a timely manner,” the Senators wrote in their letter. In 2024, the Social Security’s average phone wait time for service was 45 minutes. In 2023, the average wait time for determinations for disability benefits was 230 days.
All federal agencies have funding through a continuing resolution through March 14. After that, it’s up to Congress, according to Adcock.
The Social Security Administration has said it will take time to implement a new law, the Social Security Fairness Act, that will provide more than 3 million Americans who also receive public pensions with increased monthly benefit checks, as well as lump sum back payments.
“Though SSA is helping some affected beneficiaries now, under SSA’s current budget, SSA expects that it could take more than one year to adjust benefits and pay all retroactive benefits,” the agency states on its website.
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Nearly 2 million federal student loan borrowers who’ve requested to be in an affordable repayment plan are stuck in a backlog of applications, waiting to be approved or denied, according to new data recently shared by the U.S. Department of Education.
The Education Department disclosed the information in a May 15 court filing in response to a legal challenge lodged by the American Federation of Teachers. The teachers’ union sued the Trump administration in March for shutting down access to income-driven repayment plan applications on the Education Department’s website.
IDR plans cap borrowers’ monthly bills at a share of their discretionary income with the aim of making their payments manageable.
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In late March, the Trump administration made the online applications available again, and said that it pulled the forms because it needed to make sure all repayment plans complied with a court order that blocked the Biden administration’s new IDR plan, known as SAVE, or the Saving on a Valuable Education plan.
Trump officials argued that the ruling had broader implications for other IDR plans, and it ended up removing the loan forgiveness component under some of the options.
The backlog complicates things for borrowers as the Trump administration restarts collection activity. The Education Department estimates that nearly 10 million people could be in default on their student loans within months.
Without access to an affordable repayment plan, student loan borrowers can be suspended on their timeline to loan forgiveness and at risk of falling behind and facing collection activity.
‘The opposite of government efficiency’
In the May court document, the Education Department disclosed that more than 1.98 million IDR applications remained pending as of the end of April. Only roughly 79,000 requests had been approved or denied during that month.
Consumer advocates slammed the findings.
“This filing confirms what borrowers have known for months: Their applications for loan relief have effectively been going into a void,” said Winston Berkman-Breen, legal director at the Student Borrower Protection Center.
The Center said that if the Education Department continued to move at its current rate, it would take more than two years to process the existing applications.
AFT President Randi Weingarten called the backlog “outrageous and unacceptable.”
“This is the opposite of government efficiency,” Weingarten said. “Millions of borrowers are being denied their legal right to an affordable repayment option.”
What’s behind the backlog
A spokesperson for the Education Dept. blamed the backlog on the Biden administration, saying that it “failed to process income-driven repayment applications for borrowers, artificially masking rising delinquency and default rates and promising illegal student loan forgiveness to win points with voters.”
“The Trump Administration is actively working with federal student loan servicers and hopes to clear the Biden backlog over the next few months,” they said.
The Biden administration put the student loan borrowers who’d enrolled in its new IDR plan, SAVE, into an interest-free forbearance while the GOP-led legal challenges to the program unfolded. Many of the currently pending IDR requests are likely from borrowers who are trying to leave that blocked plan to get into an available one.
Sarah Sattlemeyer, a project director at New America and senior advisor under the Biden administration, said that the current backlog began last year “and has existed across both the Biden and Trump administrations” as a result of the legal battle over the SAVE plan.
“It is a demonstration of how complicated the loan system is, how much uncertainty there has been over the last few years and what is at stake,” Sattlemeyer said. “There also isn’t clarity around how some applications in the backlog should or will be handled, such as those where a borrower chose an option that no longer exists on the application.”
In recent months, the Trump administration has terminated around half of the Education Department’s staff, including many of the people who helped assist borrowers.
That is also likely one reason why so many of the applications haven’t been processed, said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.
“Perhaps the reduction in staff is affecting their ability to process the forms,” Kantrowitz said.
The Trump administration’s resumption of collection efforts on defaulted federal student loans has far-reaching consequences for delinquent borrowers.
For starters, borrowers who are in default may have wages, tax returns and Social Security payments garnished.
But involuntary collections could also have a “spillover effect,” which puts consumers at risk of falling behind on other debt repayments, according to a recent report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York,
As collection activity restarts, disposable income falls
“We were obviously somewhat concerned about potential spillovers to delinquencies on other types of debt,” the New York Fed researchers said on a press call earlier this month.
“During the period where people were not required to make payments on their student loans, they could have used that money to pay their credit card bills and auto loans,” the researchers said. “Now they have to make these payments again on their student loans, so that could put pressure on their ability to pay these other loans.”
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The U.S. Department of Education’s crack down on student loan repayments could take billions of dollars out of consumers’ pockets, reports show. Monthly collections on defaulted loans may reduce disposable personal income between $3.1 billion to $8.5 billion a month, according to research by JPMorgan.
“Part of the reason that some people are adding to credit card debt is because they have student loan payments — that’s the spillover effect,” said Ted Rossman, senior industry analyst at Bankrate. “Something’s got to give.”
‘It’s just money that can’t go to other financial things’
Until earlier this month, the Department of Education had not collected on defaulted student loans since March 2020. After the Covid pandemic-era pause on federal student loan payments expired in September 2023, the Biden administration offered borrowers another year in which they would be shielded from the impacts of missed payments. That on-ramp officially ended on Sept. 30, 2024, and the Education Department restarted collection efforts on defaulted student loans on May 5.
Whether borrowers face garnishment, or opt to resume payments to get current on their loan, that’s likely to have a significant impact on their wallet.
“It’s just money that can’t go to other financial things,” said Matt Schulz, chief credit analyst at LendingTree.
After the five-year pause ended and collections are resumed, the delinquency rate for student loan balances spiked, the New York Fed found. Nearly 8% of total student debt was reported as 90 days past due in the first quarter of 2025, compared to less than 1% in the previous quarter.
Currently, around 42 million Americans hold federal student loans and roughly 5.3 million borrowers are in default, according to the Education Department. Another 4 million borrowers are in “late-stage delinquency,” or over 90 days past due on payments.
Among borrowers who are now required to make payments — not including those who are in deferment or forbearance or are currently enrolled in school — nearly one in four student loan borrowers are behind in their payments, the New York Fed found.
As borrowers transition out of forbearance and into repayment, those borrowers may also face challenges making payments, according to a separate research note by Bank of America. “This transition will likely drive delinquencies and defaults on student loans higher and could have further knock-on effects for consumer finance companies,” Bank of America analyst Mihir Bhatia wrote to clients on May 15.
In a blog post, the New York Fed researchers noted that “it is unclear whether these penalties will spill over into payment difficulties in other credit products, but we will continue to monitor this space in the coming months.”
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