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PCAOB and SEC crackdown on auditors appears to be ending

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The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission ramped up enforcement against auditors in the first half of 2024, but activity was more muted in the second half of the year, due to a key Supreme Court decision and multiple lawsuits against the PCAOB, according to a new report.

The report, from the Brattle Group, found that the PCAOB and SEC together brought 58 enforcement actions against auditors in 2024, in line with 2023 (60) and 2022 (59) levels, but more than 50% higher than the average number of initiated actions during the regulators’ prior administrations (2018–2021) until Erica Williams took over as chair of the PCAOB and Gary Gensler became chair of the SEC. However, Gensler stepped down on Inauguration Day after Donald Trump announced he would be naming former SEC commissioner Paul Atkins as the next SEC chair. Last June, after the Supreme Court issued its ruling in the case of SEC v. Jarkesy restricting the use of administrative law judges, the SEC dropped most of its pending cases against auditors. While aggregate enforcement activity remained elevated in 2024, the SEC only initiated seven actions against auditors in 2024, down 50% from 2023. In the Jarkesy case, the Supreme Court ruled that the SEC’s use of administrative proceedings to seek financial civil penalties in a securities fraud suit was unconstitutional.

Together, the PCAOB and SEC imposed $52.2 million in monetary sanctions against auditors in 2024, an increase of 66% from 2023 and 2.5 times higher than the 2018–2021 average, when Jay Clayton was leading the SEC and William Duhnke was chairing the PCAOB.

2024 enforcement was driven mainly by the PCAOB, which brought 88% of total actions and imposed 68% of total penalties.

The Supreme Court ruling appears to have affected the PCAOB, as well as three similar but anonymous lawsuits filed under the pseudonym John Doe from two individual auditors facing disciplinary action from the PCAOB and one auditing firm under investigation. While the PCAOB imposed record-breaking penalties for the third year in a row, enforcement statistics saw an unprecedented decline in the second half of the year. An uncharacteristically low 33% of the 51 actions initiated by the PCAOB in 2024 were brought in the second half of 2024, a departure from the 76–86% in the second half of each of the previous four years. Only 2% of the penalties imposed by the PCAOB in 2024 were imposed in the second half of the year, in stark contrast with 2023, when 83% of total penalties were imposed in the second half of the year. PCAOB activity in the second half of the year was at its lowest levels of any point in recent years.

“Though PCAOB and SEC enforcement against auditors remained high in 2024, aggregate statistics don’t tell the full story,” said Alison Forman, co-leader of Brattle’s Accounting Practice, in a statement Thursday. “In fact, activity appears to have been substantially impacted by the Supreme Court’s SEC vs. Jarkesy ruling, which found that the regulator’s use of administrative proceedings to seek financial civil penalties for securities fraud was unconstitutional. We expect fallout from Jarkesy and similar constitutional challenges facing the PCAOB — as well as the new presidential administration — to dramatically shift the enforcement landscape moving forward.”

The findings on the PCAOB mostly align with a report released last week by Cornerstone Research, which found the PCAOB increased its enforcement activity in 2024 to its highest level since 2017, and monetary penalties levied by the PCAOB reached their highest for the third consecutive year. The Cornerstone report found the PCAOB publicly disclosed 51 total enforcement actions, including 40 actions involving the performance of an audit. Most of these actions came in the first half of the year, with only 10 auditing actions finalized after the Supreme Court ruled against the use of administrative law judges in SEC v. Jarkesy. At $35.7 million, the number of total monetary penalties in 2024 marked a 78% increase over 2023 and represented nearly 40% of all monetary penalties imposed since the PCAOB’s inception.

The release of the two reports come amid speculation that under the Trump administration, enforcement and penalties at both the PCAOB and the SEC may decline further, and the PCAOB may even be absorbed into the SEC, despite the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that created the PCAOB. A change in the composition of the board members is also likely, as the PCAOB underwent sharp changes in both the first Trump administration and the Biden administration.

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Accounting

FASB Standardizes Carbon Offsets Accounting Rules

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FASB Standardizes Carbon Offsets Accounting Rules

In a decisive move toward standardized environmental financial reporting, accounting standards boards issued updated implementation guidance during the week ending July 25, 2026, regarding the formal recognition and valuation of corporate carbon offsets and environmental credits. The revised frameworks establish precise rules for how enterprises must measure, record, and disclose carbon credits on balance sheets, eliminating years of inconsistent reporting practices across public capital markets.

Under the finalized accounting standard, purchased carbon offsets can no longer be categorized under vague administrative expenses or unstandardized intangible asset accounts. Instead, organizations must classify environmental credits based on underlying operational intent—distinguishing between credits held for immediate compliance compliance obligations, long-term offset obligations, or active market trading. Furthermore, companies are required to evaluate carbon holdings for fair value impairment at the end of each reporting period, ensuring that depreciated or low-quality environmental credits do not distort corporate asset values.

The standardized rules carry significant implications for corporate audit committees and chief accounting officers. External audit firms are implementing rigorous verification protocols to validate the physical legitimacy, legal ownership, and scientific permanence of carbon credits claimed on balance sheets. Inaccurate or overstated carbon accounting claims now carry substantial financial litigation risk, alongside potential regulatory enforcement for misleading ESG disclosures.

To remain fully compliant, corporate accounting departments must establish centralized carbon tracking systems integrated into primary standard ERP ledgers. Accounting teams that proactively adopt standardized environmental reporting protocols will build investor credibility, streamline annual audit processes, and insulate their organizations against evolving regulatory scrutiny.

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Accounting

Automated Tax Compliance Tools Reduce Risk

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Automated Tax Compliance Tools Reduce Risk

Corporate tax departments reached a critical juncture in automated operational management. With nations worldwide rapidly enacting digital service taxes, localized value-added tax (VAT) mandates, and real-time electronic invoicing requirements, manual tax calculations have become obsolete. Modern corporate tax divisions are aggressively deploying AI-driven tax engine software to automate complex cross-border indirect tax calculations in real time.

The imperative for automated tax compliance stems from the sheer complexity of current trade policies and multi-jurisdictional commerce. E-commerce platforms, software vendors, and global manufacturers face constantly changing regional tax rates, statutory exemption rules, and cross-border tariff structures. Automated tax engines embed directly into enterprise enterprise resource planning (ERP) architectures, automatically applying correct tax codes at the point of sale, calculating real-time withholding amounts, and generating compliant e-invoices.

Automated audit trail generation represents another key advantage of modern tax tech integration. Advanced compliance platforms log every transactional tax determination on immutable digital ledgers, providing tax authorities with transparent, self-verifying audit trails. This capability drastically reduces the operational duration and administrative cost of corporate tax audits, protecting enterprises against severe penalties resulting from calculation errors or missed reporting deadlines.

For chief financial officers and tax directors, investing in automated tax compliance is a vital operational risk mitigation strategy. Automating routine tax calculations frees high-level accounting professionals to focus on strategic tax planning, transfer pricing optimization, and risk management in an increasingly complex global economic environment.

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Accounting

Continuous Auditing Transforms Corporate ERPs

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continuous auditing transforms corporate erps

As corporate accounting departments cross the threshold into late July 2026, the adoption of continuous, automated auditing systems has reached a definitive turning point. Driven by advances in artificial intelligence and deep integration with modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) platforms, leading finance organizations are moving away from traditional, periodic post-hoc audits in favor of real-time, 100% transactional verification. This technological transition is redefining internal control environments, reducing compliance costs, and eliminating the structural delays inherent in legacy quarterly closing processes.

Unlike traditional auditing frameworks that rely on statistical sampling—a process that inevitably leaves operational blind spots—continuous auditing software monitors operational data feeds continuously. Every purchase order, electronic invoice, payroll disbursement, and cross-border wire transfer is automatically cross-referenced against established corporate governance parameters, regulatory tax schedules, and anti-fraud algorithms in real time. Anomalies or unauthorized ledger entries are flagged instantly, allowing internal audit teams to investigate and remediate compliance gaps immediately rather than months after the close of a financial period.

The implications for executive financial management are far-reaching. By embedding continuous verification directly into daily transaction workflows, chief financial officers gain uninterrupted visibility into the organization’s true financial standing. Real-time balance sheet auditing eliminates the severe operational bottlenecks associated with month-end and quarter-end financial reconciliations, freeing accounting professionals to focus on strategic financial modeling, tax planning, and capital allocation rather than manual data entry and spreadsheet consolidation.

However, implementing continuous auditing requires accounting leadership to invest heavily in data governance and technical upskilling. Internal audit teams must evolve from manual ledger reviewers into system architects capable of auditing complex algorithms and validating automated data pipelines. Accounting firms and corporate controllers that master continuous auditing will establish a resilient compliance framework capable of meeting stringent international regulatory standards with total transparency.

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