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PCAOB finds audit firm culture impacts quality

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The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board is providing guidance on how audit firm culture can contribute to audit quality, along with insights for auditors on improving audit committee communications and a video on the new confirmation standard.

In a staff spotlight report Thursday, the PCAOB released the results of an in-depth review of culture at a group of auditing firms, including over 150 interviews with partners at the biggest firms. The report found that audit firm culture can drive audit quality, both positively and negatively. 

“Indeed, an audit firm’s culture contributes to the audit firm’s ability to deliver a quality audit,” said the report. “Culture may also detract from audit quality, particularly if leadership says one thing but rewards another.”

The report also found a correlation among centralization, standardization and audit quality. The amount of centralized and standardized processes, tools and templates at the audit firms can help ensure consistent application and promote audit quality. The PCAOB staff found that audit firms with cultures marked by more centralization and standardization seem to have fewer deviations in their procedures nationally, along with fewer deficiencies.

A remote or hybrid work environment can affect audit firm culture. The audit firm partners interviewed for the report suggested that the pandemic and the remote or hybrid work environment impacted the audit firms’ apprenticeship model for on-the-job training, dissemination of culture, and professional skepticism.

Audit firms need to promote a culture of accountability to support audit quality, according to the report. Negative audit quality events, such as internal and external inspection deficiencies, restatements and independence violations, at some audit firms aren’t sufficiently evaluated or attributed to firm personnel. There’s a lack of timeliness of performance evaluations at some audit firms, with negative events being considered the following year instead of the current year.

Some of the audit partners surveyed had concerns about the competency of certain firm personnel and the appropriateness of how engagements at the firm are staffed. The respondents expressed concern that the push for use of shared service centers is removing foundational skills and experiences from firm personnel. That could call into question the use of so-called “Centers of Excellence” at some firms.

Audit leadership seems to be sending mixed messages. Some of the survey respondents indicated that audit firm leaders send mixed messages to the line partners and other personnel about the incentives and penalties for audit quality events. In their view, audit firms need to ensure the factors that drive adjustments to partner compensation align with behaviors that promote audit quality and are clearly communicated to employees at the firm.

“The PCAOB continues to be concerned about recent trends in audit quality as reflected in the overall deficiency rates in our recently published inspections reports,” said the report. “Sustainable improvements in audit quality are needed.”

Audit committee communications, confirmations

Separately, the PCAOB released Wednesday a report on audit committee communications. The PCAOB staff is continuing to see a large number of deficiencies related to auditor communications with audit committees. The report provides some reminders about communications related to the use of other participants during the audit, overall audit strategy and select audit results, and other matters required by PCAOB standards and rules.

Some of the problems seen by the PCAOB staff relate to required communications, such as auditors not communicating to audit committees all the critical accounting policies and practices used by the company. 

On the positive side, the staff pointed to some good practices related to audit committee communications, such as using structured templates and providing guidance on completing those templates.

Separately, the PCAOB staff posted a video Wednesday to help auditors prepare for implementation of the new audit confirmation standard, AS 2310, which takes into account the newer technology now being used for confirmations.

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Trump pushes SALT Republicans to abandon further increase

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President Donald Trump on Tuesday pushed back on demands from Republicans who have threatened to sink his giant tax bill if the legislation does not significantly boost the state and local tax deduction, said Representative Mark Amodei of Nevada. 

In a private meeting with House Republicans, Trump singled out the lawmakers from New York, New Jersey and California who have rejected the $30,000 deduction limit — three times the current cap — contained in the legislation moving through the House.

“He wants to leave it where it is, that’s basically what he said,” Representative Bruce Westerman of Arkansas said of the SALT provision in the bill after the meeting. 

The confrontation came moments after Trump told reporters the SALT deduction benefits Democratic states and politicians, signaling that the tax break, which predominantly benefits high-tax states like New York, New Jersey and California, isn’t a central concern of Republicans.

“It’s not a question of holdouts. We have a tremendously unified party,” Trump said Tuesday before meeting with lawmakers. “There’s some people that want a couple of things that maybe I don’t like or that they’re not going to get.”

Still, Trump has repeatedly pledged bigger SALT deductions, which were limited in his first-term tax cut bill. A faction of Republicans from high-tax states have threatened to sink Trump’s agenda over SALT. Trump, however, shrugged off those concerns. 

“There are one or two points some people feel strongly about, but maybe not so strongly,” Trump said ahead of the meeting. 

House Speaker Mike Johnson met with those SALT holdouts late Monday, but left without an agreement.

Representative Nick LaLota, a New York Republican, said House leaders offered a SALT proposal that would temporarily raise the cap higher than the $30,000 in the draft bill, before reverting back to the lower level. 

“Any proposal that has the cap falling off a cliff is unacceptable to me,” LaLota told reporters Tuesday morning. “Now is the time to get it right.”

Another New York Republican, Mike Lawler, told reporters there is no SALT deal and a vote on the bill — planned for as soon as Wednesday — will fail without one.

Johnson was more positive about the chances for a deal. He still plans for the House to vote on the package by the end of the week. 

“We’re going to get an agreement on everything necessary to get this over the line,” he said Tuesday.

The bill approved last week by the House tax committee sets a $30,000 cap for individuals and couples. That draft called for phasing down the deduction for those earning $400,000 or more, a plan quickly rejected by several lawmakers who called it insultingly low. The current writeoff is capped at $10,000.

Stephen Miran, who chairs the White House Council of Economic Advisors, said he was confident Trump would be able to quickly reach a deal on SALT with House Republicans.

“The president will deliver SALT relief to American households. I don’t know exactly what the number will shake out,” Miran told Bloomberg Television on Tuesday. “The president is one of the best negotiators in history and he’s shown over a career spanning decades that he can forge hundreds of deals and I think he’ll forge another one right in front of us now.”

The holdout lawmakers — who also include New York’s Andrew Garbarino and Elise Stefanik, New Jersey’s Tom Kean and Young Kim of California — have threatened to reject any tax package that does not raise the SALT cap sufficiently.

Garbarino said Johnson made the group several offers and that they’re awaiting more analysis Tuesday morning. 

“I’m just happy we’re having the discussion and they’re working with us,” Garbarino said.

Republicans are also squabbling over spending reductions in the bill, including weighing cuts to Medicaid health coverage and nutritional programs for low-income households.

They are trying to keep revenue losses from their tax-cut package down to a self-imposed limit of $4.5 trillion over 10 years. The current package has a $3.8- trillion revenue loss.

— With assistance from Jamie Tarabay, Jonathan Ferro, Skylar Woodhouse, Catherine Lucey, Jack Fitzpatrick, Steven T. Dennis and Ari Natter.

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Remittance tax plan poses threat to US allies in Central America

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A Republican proposal to tax remittances would deliver an economic blow to some of the U.S.’s poorest neighbors, including a close ally of President Donald Trump. 

The bill, presented to the House of Representatives last week, would levy a 5% tax on remittances for noncitizens and foreign nationals. That’s on top of a roughly 5% to 10% fee already charged on the payments by senders like Western Union Co. and MoneyGram International Inc., services migrants in the U.S. use to send money to family members back home.

The tax would directly hit payments that represent about one-fifth of the gross domestic product of El Salvador, where President Nayib Bukele has formed a strong alliance with the Trump administration by accepting deportees to be imprisoned. Honduras, which hosts a U.S. military base that has facilitated deportations to Venezuela, gets a similar proportion of remittances to the size of its economy, and Guatemala isn’t far behind.

A MoneyGram transfer location in San Salvador, El Salvador.

“It’s not good news for those who receive remittances,” said Carlos Acevedo, former central bank chief for El Salvador. “It might have a negative impact on economic growth.” 

Migrants from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras sent home record amounts of remittances last year, helping drive economic growth across Central America. Remittance flows have surged since Trump took office in January as migrants increase the amount of money they send home in anticipation of being deported. 

The funds are used largely for consumption by poorer families who often have few other sources of income. Mexico and Central America are the world’s most dependent areas for remittances sent from the U.S.  

“The effect isn’t just macroeconomic, it’s at a microeconomic level too, affecting families,” Guatemala Central Bank chief Alvaro Gonzalez Ricci said in a written response to questions. “The importance of remittances to the Guatemalan economy is growing, not just as a proportion of GDP, but also because the flows of millions of dollars boosts family consumption.” 

Gonzalez Ricci said migrants in the U.S. would likely absorb the additional tax, minimizing disruption to the inflows to Guatemala. Some states, especially those with sanctuary cities, will likely oppose the measure, he said. 

However, Manuel Orozco, who researches remittances at the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank, estimates that the proposed tax could lead to a 10% decline in volume of remittances sent and number of transactions.

“That’s very conservative — in other words, it’s your best-case scenario,” he said. “If this were to happen, I can see lots of people going crypto and other people relying on relatives that are U.S. citizens to send money for them.”

Mexican Foreign Affairs Minister Juan Ramon de la Fuente said the government would mount a legal and political defense to stop the plan, while the country’s Ambassador to the U.S. Esteban Moctezuma Barragan urged House representatives to reject the bill in a letter sent May 13. The proposal would mean double taxation of migrant workers who already pay income taxes in the U.S. Mexicans living and working in the U.S. paid $121 billion in taxes in 2021, the ambassador said. 

“Imposing a tax on these transfers would disproportionately affect those with the least, without accounting for their ability to pay,” Barragan wrote. “The workers referenced in this bill migrated out of necessity and now contribute substantially to the U.S. economy. We respectfully urge you to reconsider.” 

Representatives for the governments of El Salvador and Honduras didn’t reply to requests for comment on the tax proposal.

A trade group of digital payment firms — the Electronic Transactions Association — also urged lawmakers to rethink the proposal. The tax would affect unbanked populations who rely on cross-border transfers as lifelines and could force consumers to send money through unregulated channels, they wrote in a letter on May 8.  

“These services are not luxuries — they are essential tools for paying bills, supporting family members abroad and managing daily finances,” the group wrote. “A tax on remittances effectively penalizes those who can least afford it.” 

It’s not the first time Trump has taken aim at remittances. During his first term, his administration proposed a similar tax, but it was never implemented because of legal and technical difficulties to discriminate between trade-related and worker outflows, Barclays analysts Gabriel Casillas and Nestor Rodriguez wrote in a note on May 14.

Oklahoma is the sole state in the U.S. that has implemented a similar policy: a $5 fee on any wire transfer under $500 and 1% on any amount in excess of $500, passed in 2009. In the first year after it was put in place, the state brought in $5.7 million via the rule; that’s climbed to $13.2 million in the most recent fiscal year.

The renewed push for the tax, if approved, could lead to currency depreciations in countries like Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico. But remittances have been resilient even amid recent threats like the COVID-19 pandemic and “such a tax would be a one-time hit rather than a structural change on remittances,” the Barclays analysts wrote.

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UK watchdog slammed EY’s NMC audit in early report, lawyers say

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The U.K.’s accounting watchdog gave a “scathing” and “highly critical” initial report of EY’s conduct in NMC Health Plc’s audit, lawyers for the collapsed hospital operator alleged in the £2 billion ($2.7 billion) trial.

The Financial Reporting Council’s provisional report found EY “demonstrated a complete lack of professional skepticism” and failed “to be alert to conditions that may have indicated possible fraud,” in its last audit of NMC Health for 2018, lawyers for NMC’s administrator, Alvarez & Marsal said in a court filing. 

“EY’s Audit of NMC was deficient in multiple respects. These failings are extremely serious,” the FRC’s provisional report concluded, according to court filings by NMC’s lawyers prepared for the lengthy civil trial.

Alvarez & Marsal sued EY in London alleging negligence and failure to spot billions in hidden debt between 2012 and 2018 when EY was the auditor. NMC was put into administration in 2020 following allegations of fraud at the health care provider. 

EY has “comprehensively challenged” NMC’s arguments around the report, its lawyers said in court filings. EY denies the allegations and said the claims were “unfounded.”

It is a provisional report that has not been made public until now. The FRC made clear at a pre-trial hearing that the report is not regarded as independent expert opinion, according to EY’s lawyers. “The ‘findings’ on which NMC appears to place such a store, and which EY rejects, are in fact inadmissible and should be disregarded.”

An FRC spokesperson didn’t respond to an email for comment on the status of its final report.

The collapse of NMC sparked a flurry of lawsuits and investigations in the U.K. and U.S. as different sides point the finger of blame. The U.K.’s markets watchdog previously censured the fallen Middle Eastern hospital operator, saying the once listed firm misled investors about its debt position by as much as $4 billion.

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