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Student loan ‘on ramp’ relief ends: Borrowers may become delinquent

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We are overly reliant on student loans to fund higher education, says NACAC CEO Angel Perez

The one-year grace period for student loan borrowers who miss a payment expired this week. And yet, millions of Americans are likely unprepared to give up that key safety net.

The goal of the 12-month “on ramp” to repayment was to give borrowers some breathing room as they worked student loan payments back into their budgets. Although interest still accrued on their balances, missed payments did not damage their credit.

As of Sept. 30, however, student loan servicers are once again able to report missed payments to credit agencies, which means falling behind could hurt your credit score — that three-digit number that lenders use to determine if you can borrow, and the interest rate you’ll pay for credit cards, car loans and mortgages.

Generally speaking, the higher your credit score, the better off you are when it comes to getting a loan.

Recent studies show some borrowers are at risk of not being able to keep up.

Some borrowers haven’t made payments in years

Congress initially passed legislation to allow federal student loan borrowers to pause their loan payments in March 2020 as part of the Covid economic response. During that time, interest rates on most federal loans were set to zero. It’s now been roughly a year since student loan payments resumed.

Almost half, 47%, of borrowers said they’ve made at least some payments since the end of the payment pause, but 26% said they made no payments at all, according to a new report by the National Endowment for Financial Education. The nonprofit in August polled 813 adults who have or had student loan debt.

“When you have to cut $500 to $1,000 from the monthly budget, that’s a significant amount of dollars people don’t have for other things,” said NEFE president and CEO Billy Hensley, a member of the CNBC Global Financial Wellness Advisory Board. “This will continue to be a shock and reverberate around the kitchen table.”

A separate report by Intuit Credit Karma also found that 20% of student loan borrowers have not made any payments toward their student loans since the pause ended and the majority — 69% — of borrowers who have not been paying on time said they will not be able to afford to pay down the interest they’ve accrued.

Many of those borrowers are now worried their credit score will take a hit once their student loan payment history is reported to the credit bureaus, Credit Karma found. In August, the site surveyed nearly 2,000 adults with outstanding student loan debt.

Consequences could be ‘catastrophic’

HOUSTON, TEXAS – AUGUST 29: Students study in the Rice University Library on August 29, 2022 in Houston, Texas.

Brandon Bell | Getty Images News | Getty Images

“When you don’t pay something for 4½ years the intent is clear, you are not going to pay,” said certified financial planner Ted Jenkin, CEO and founder of oXYGen Financial in Atlanta, referring to the pandemic-era pause on federal student loan payments.

“Many believe that someone is going to bail them out and I think it’s going to end badly for a lot of people,” said Jenkin, who is also a member of CNBC’s Financial Advisor Council.

In fact, 48% of student loan borrowers anticipate debt forgiveness in the future, according to Sallie Mae’s annual How America Pays for College report. Of those who expect forgiveness, 37% plan to work in public service, while 7% say their future employer will pay for their loans. The biggest share, 47%, think the government will forgive student loans.

While there are still opportunities for relief, missed payments could now come at a high cost for borrowers, Jenkin said. “It’s going to be catastrophic to their credit score.”

How a missed payment can hurt your credit score

Student loan delinquencies will show up on your credit report once they hit 90-days past due, according to Liz Pagel, senior vice president of consumer lending at TransUnion.

“If a consumer misses their October payment and still hasn’t made the payment in November or December, then in January they will be reported as 90-days past due for that October payment and that is when their credit will be negatively impacted,” she said.

TransUnion data shows that just over half of student loan borrowers made payments over the past several months. 

“That doesn’t necessarily mean that these consumers cannot make the payments,” Pagel said. “Some may have made a logical choice to hold off awaiting possible loan forgiveness or just because they were aware that their credit would not be affected by not making payments.”

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To be sure, working those payments back into budgets after a four-year hiatus may require some sacrifices.

In the last year, roughly three-quarters of borrowers with student loan balances have had to make budgetary changes in order to make their payments, according to the NEFE report.

“If you don’t want your credit rating impacted, you have to develop a budget and figure out how you are going to incorporate student loan payments into that budget,” said Andrew Housser, co-founder and co-CEO of personal finance site Achieve.

“It’s crucial to look at options for consolidating other debts and reducing interest rates where possible,” Housser explained.

Of those with outstanding loans, 31% said they are less likely to pursue additional education, after taking the end of the repayment pause into account, NEFE also found.

A separate study commissioned by EdAssist by Bright Horizons also highlighted the impact student loan debt has had on borrowers.

To that point, 53% of U.S. workers said that knowing they would incur additional debt has prevented them from pursuing more education.

And as much as 86% of workers with education debt said their degree wasn’t worth the toll that student loans has had, according to Bright Horizons’ fourth annual education index, which in May polled more than 2,000 adults who are employed either full- or part-time.

Consumer advocates often caution students not to borrow more than you expect to earn as a starting salary.

“Higher education needs to do a better job of helping people understand the earning potential of a degree,” said NEFE’s Hensley. “We need to talk through how to launch and what that plan looks like.”

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Social Security plans to cut about 7,000 workers. That may affect benefits

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The Social Security Administration office in Brownsville, Texas.

Robert Daemmrich Photography Inc | Corbis Historical | Getty Images

The Social Security Administration plans to shed 7,000 employees as the Trump administration looks for ways to cut federal spending.

The agency on Friday confirmed the figure — which will bring its total staff down to 50,000 from 57,000.

Previous reports that the Social Security Administration planned for a 50% reduction to its headcount are “false,” the agency said.

Nevertheless, the aim of 7,000 job cuts has prompted concerns about the agency’s ability to continue to provide services, particularly benefit payments, to tens of millions of older Americans when its staff is already at a 50-year low.

“It’s going to extend the amount of time that it takes for them to have their claim processed,” said Greg Senden, a paralegal analyst who has worked at the Social Security Administration for 27 years.

“It’s going to extend the amount of time that they have to wait to get benefits,” said Senden, who also helps the American Federation of Government Employees oversee Social Security employees in six central states.

Officials at the White House and the Social Security Administration were not available for comment at press time.

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The Social Security Administration on Friday said it anticipates “much of” the staff reductions needed to reach its target will come from resignations, retirement and offers for Voluntary Separation Incentive Payments, or VSIP. 

More reductions could come from “reduction-in-force actions that could include abolishment of organizations and positions” or reassignments to other positions, the agency said. Federal agencies must submit their reduction-in-force plans by March 13 to the Office of Personnel Management for approval.

Cuts may affect benefit payments, experts say

Former Social Security Administration Commissioner Martin O’Malley last week told CNBC.com that the continuity of benefit payments could be at risk for the first time in the program’s history.

“Ultimately, you’re going to see the system collapse and an interruption of benefits,” O’Malley said. “I believe you will see that within the next 30 to 90 days.”

Other experts say the changes could affect benefits, though it remains to be seen exactly how.

“It’s unclear to me whether the staff cuts are more likely to result in an interruption of benefits, or an increase in improper payments,” said Charles Blahous, senior research strategist at the Mercatus Center at George Mason University and a former public trustee for Social Security and Medicare.

Improper payments happen when the agency either overpays or underpays benefits due to inaccurate information.

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With fewer staff, the Social Security Administration will have to choose between making sure all claims are processed, which may lead to more improper payments, or avoiding those errors, which could lead to processing delays, Blahous said.

Disability benefits, which require more agency staff attention both to process initial claims and to continue to verify beneficiaries are eligible, may be more susceptible to errors compared to retirement benefits, he added.

Cuts may have minimal impact on trust funds

Under the Trump administration, Social Security also plans to consolidate its geographic footprint to four regions down from 10 regional offices, the agency said on Friday.

Ultimately, it remains to be seen how much savings the overall reforms will generate.

The Social Security Administration’s funding for administrative costs comes out of its trust funds, which are also used to pay benefits. Based on current projections, the trust funds will be depleted in the next decade and Social Security will not be able to pay full benefits at that time, unless Congress acts sooner.

The efforts to cut costs at the Social Security Administration would likely only help the trust fund solvency “in some miniscule way,” said Andrew Biggs, senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and former principal deputy commissioner of the Social Security Administration.

What President Donald Trump is likely looking to do broadly is reset the baseline on government spending and employment, he said.

“I’m not disagreeing with the idea that the agency could be more efficient,” Biggs said. “I just wonder whether you can come up with that by cutting the positions first and figuring out how to have the efficiencies later.”

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Student loan borrowers pursuing PSLF are ‘panicking.’ Here’s what to know

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Students walk through the University of Texas at Austin on February 22, 2024 in Austin, Texas. 

Brandon Bell | Getty Images

As the Trump administration overhauls the student loan system, many borrowers pursuing the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program are worried about its future.

“There’s a lot of panicking by PSLF borrowers due to the uncertainty,” said higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.

PSLF, which President George W. Bush signed into law in 2007, allows certain not-for-profit and government employees to have their federal student loans canceled after 10 years of payments.

Here’s what borrowers in the program need to know about recent changes affecting the program.

IDR repayment plan applications down

Some borrowers’ PSLF progress has stalled

While the legal challenges against SAVE were playing out, the Biden administration paused the payments for enrollees through a forbearance, as well as the accrual of any interest.

Unlike the payment pause during the pandemic, borrowers in this forbearance aren’t getting credit toward their required 120 payments for loan forgiveness under PSLF. It’s unclear when the forbearance will end.

But while the applications for other IDR plans remain unavailable, borrowers in SAVE are stuck on their timeline toward loan forgiveness, Kantrowitz said. If you were on an IDR plan other than SAVE, you will continue to get credit during this period if you’re making payments and working in eligible employment.

The Education Department is now tweaking the applications to make sure all their repayment plans comply with the new court order, an agency spokesperson told CNBC last week.

It will likely be months before the Department has reworked all the applications and made them available again, Kantrowitz said.

Those who switch to the Standard plan will continue to get PSLF credit, but the payments are often too high for those working in the public sector or for a nonprofit to afford, experts said.

‘Buy back’ opportunity can help

While it’s frustrating not to be inching toward loan forgiveness for the time being, an option down the road may help, said Betsy Mayotte, president of The Institute of Student Loan Advisors, a nonprofit.

The Education Department’s Buyback opportunity lets people pay for certain months that didn’t count, if doing so brings them up to 120 qualifying payments.

For example, time spent in forbearances or deferments that suspended your progress can essentially be cashed in for qualifying payments.

The extra payment must total at least as much as what you have paid monthly under an IDR plan, according to Studentaid.gov.

Borrowers who’ve now been pursuing PSLF for 10 years or more should put in their buyback request sooner than later, Kantrowitz said.

“The benefit is likely to be eliminated by the Trump administration,” he said.

Keep records

Borrowers have already long complained of inaccurate payment counts under the PSLF program. While the student loan repayment options are tweaked, people could see more errors, Kantrowitz said.

“A borrower’s payment history and other student loan details are more likely to get corrupted during a transition,” he said.

As a result, he said, those pursuing PSLF should print out a copy of their payment history on StudentAid.gov.

“It would also be a good idea to create a spreadsheet showing all of the qualifying payments so they have their own count,” Kantrowitz said.

With the PSLF help tool, borrowers can search for a list of qualifying employers and access the employer certification form. Try to fill out this form at least once a year, Kantrowitz added.

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Treasury Department halts enforcement of BOI reporting for businesses

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The US Treasury building in Washington, DC, US, on Monday, Jan. 27, 2025. 

Stefani Reynolds | Bloomberg | Getty Images

The U.S. Department of the Treasury on Sunday announced it won’t enforce the penalties or fines associated with the Biden-era “beneficial ownership information,” or BOI, reporting requirements for millions of domestic businesses. 

Enacted via the Corporate Transparency Act in 2021 to fight illicit finance and shell company formation, BOI reporting requires small businesses to identify who directly or indirectly owns or controls the company to the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, known as FinCEN.

After previous court delays, the Treasury in late February set a March 21 deadline to comply or risk civil penalties of up to $591 a day, adjusted for inflation, or criminal fines of up to $10,000 and up to two years in prison. The reporting requirements could apply to roughly 32.6 million businesses, according to federal estimates.     

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The rule was enacted to “make it harder for bad actors to hide or benefit from their ill-gotten gains through shell companies or other opaque ownership structures,” according to FinCEN.

In addition to not enforcing BOI penalties and fines, the Treasury said it would issue a proposed regulation to apply the rule to foreign reporting companies only. 

President Donald Trump praised the news in a Truth Social post on Sunday night, describing the reporting rule as “outrageous and invasive” and “an absolute disaster” for small businesses.

Other experts say the Treasury’s decision could have ramifications for national security.

“This decision threatens to make the United States a magnet for foreign criminals, from drug cartels to fraudsters to terrorist organizations,” Scott Greytak, director of advocacy for anticorruption organization Transparency International U.S., said in a statement.

Greg Iacurci contributed to this reporting.

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