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The accounting profession’s role in ESG reporting

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As the concerns over climate change, depletion of natural resources (i.e., deforestation and water scarcity), and health and safety issues are reaching new levels, there has been growing sentiment among business leaders, investors, consumers and regulators that innovative business strategies and risk management practices are necessary to sustain profitability. Here are a few eye-opening statistics:

  • A global study published in February by the Association of International Certified Professional Accountants and the International Federation of Accountants found that 98% (99% in the U.S.) of companies publicly disclosed some level of environmental, social and governance information. And 69% (88% in the U.S.) have obtained some level of assurance.
  • The CDP Global Supply Chain Report in 2021, a study of over 200 supply chain members with $5.5 trillion in procurement spending, shows that over 90% of companies are engaging suppliers on environmental performance, representing over 41% in year-over-year disclosures.
  • A recent study by another large accounting firm indicates 74% of M&A participants have ESG considerations as part of their agenda; a similar survey by another firm stated that 57% of inventors view sustainability information as “critical” in evaluating investments.

These trends demonstrate the momentum in measuring and reporting information around sustainability, specifically how sustainability strategies translate into longer-term financial performance and cash flows, new products and technologies, and ethical business practices.
What standards are companies using to report its sustainability or ESG information? ESG reporting has had a long history of inconsistency. The above-referenced AICPA and IFAC survey shows that 87% (93% in U,S.) of companies reported under multiple ESG reporting frameworks. However, the past few years have seen a flurry of consolidation, standardization, and alignment in this space that has paved the way for regulations to come into play. Again, this activity is driven by the need for consistent, accurate and relevant data that can be used by stakeholders in making decisions. 

Importantly, ESG reporting is investor-driven. The International Sustainability Standards Board, established in November of 2021, has consolidated international frameworks and standards for ESG reporting and passed its first two rules in June 2023. The European Union formally adopted the European Sustainability Reporting Standards that inform the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive rule in July 2023 that allows for interoperability with the ISSB’s new standards.

In the U.S., the Securities and Exchange Commission passed its climate disclosure rule in March 2024, requiring publicly traded companies to report on Scope 1 and 2 emissions, when material. California passed two sets of regulations for greenhouse gas emissions reporting and ESG reporting in October 2023. Illinois, New York, Colorado, Vermont and Maine all have regulations pending in various stages of approval related to ESG reporting and compliance.

Many technology solutions have entered the market to make data aggregation and ESG reporting achievable.

In the coming months and years there are sure to be challenges to ESG reporting regulations in the United States. It is likely that lawsuits will argue claims related to a state’s extraterritorial authority (e.g., requiring Scope 3 emissions from a company’s value stream outside of a state’s jurisdiction). The SEC rule has already been met with significant legal challenges, and the SEC has voluntarily issued a stay pending judicial review. And many are awaiting for the results of the upcoming elections to act. But what is clear in this space is that standardization and consolidation of frameworks have increased significantly, and as a result of this alignment, regulations are being promulgated across the globe and are here to stay. Furthermore, these regulations impact U.S. companies.

 The EU’s ESRS are already effective and apply to multinational companies with significant EU operations. These requirements are expected to affect over 3,000 companies in the U.S. The related assurance requirements begin to rollout in 2025.

Regardless of what happens with the SEC standards, there remains a strong desire from many stakeholders in the United States to formalize regulations for GHG emissions and ESG reporting modeled after the ISSB framework and standards. Many expect the state regulations will fill the gap left by less stringent national regulations, but perhaps at a cost to more complicated, fractured reporting requirements.

The importance of assurance 

To ensure stakeholder’s confidence in the ESG data being disclosed, many companies have started engaging third-party firms to provide assurance on the ESG information. As referenced above, 88% of U.S. companies reporting ESG information obtained some level of third-party assurance. The trend toward greater assurance is evident; however, the high percentage does not tell the full story. For one, 82% of assurance was provided in the form of “limited assurance”. Limited assurance, or review engagements, are much less rigorous than audits. As the use of ESG information continues to increase we should start to see a move from limited to “reasonable” assurance. 

To date most assurance has been voluntary; however, that trend will likely start shifting to mandatory in the coming years as new sustainability reporting standards require assurance. We are already seeing this in Europe with the ESRS. The recent SEC and California regulations also have assurance requirements.

A further look at the firms providing assurance is noteworthy. Most of the assurance service providers in the U.S. are not CPA firms, but rather boutique, engineering and consulting firms. In fact, only 23% of the firms providing assurance in the U.S. were traditional CPA firms. This presents a significant opportunity for the accounting profession.

Similar to sustainability reporting standards, a global baseline for assurance has not existed. That is about to change with the expected issuance of International Standard on Sustainability Assurance 5000 expected to be issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board by the end of the year.

All of these factors point to the need for the accounting profession to prepare for the increasing demand for assurance services. 

The role of the accountant

What does this all mean for the accounting profession? The evolving landscape of ESG reporting, coupled with the increasing global demand for high-quality, accurate sustainability information, means a significant opportunity for CPAs and accountants to add value to business. CPA firms are perfectly positioned to provide advisory and assurance services, given their infrastructure around audit quality, independence requirements, and professional development. 

The technical training accountants receive in enterprise risk management, internal controls and financial reporting are essential building blocks to the skills needed to implement a successful sustainability reporting program. Just as important are the critical thinking and communication skills needed to influence change across an organization. One of the keys to implementing a successful ESG reporting infrastructure and providing quality assurance services is applying the concept of materiality to business risks and opportunities; this has also been one of greatest challenges to ESG reporting. This is another area CPAs are familiar with.

There is no question that CPA firms will need to invest in cross-functional capacity building and training around the evolving ESG reporting and assurance standards to meet the demands of stakeholders. Firms will also need to establish relationships with subject matter specialists that may not reside within the firm. Many tools have developed in recent years to assist firms in this regard. 

As ESG reporting and assurance requirements expand, companies, investors and other stakeholders will turn to the trusted accounting profession. Those CPA firms that focus now will be best prepared to meet the demand expected in the next few years.

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Accounting

Cohen & Co to acquire Tassi and Company

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Cohen & Co, a Top 50 Firm based in Cleveland, is acquiring Tassi and Company, based in the northwest suburbs of Chicago.

Tassi and Company provides accounting and consulting services tailored to the real estate industry. The deal is expected to close at the end of March and will enhance Cohen’s national real estate service offering and expand its presence in the Chicago market.Tasso was founded by Joe Tassi in 1990 and has approximately 35 employees. The firm serves real estate owners, developers, managers and investors. It offers outsourced fund and partnership accounting, property management and development accounting, construction draw accounting and tax services.

Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Cohen has 88 partners and will be adding three people from Tassi — Joe Tassi, Terri Nietzel and Gretchen Sampson — as new partners.

Cohen & Co. ranked No. 43 on Accounting Today’s 2025 list of the Top 100 Firms, with 187.51 million in annual revenue and 781 employees.

 “We are excited to welcome Tassi and Company to our firm,” says Cohen & Co CEO Chris Bellamy in a statement Thursday. “The real estate and construction industry is an important growth area and one that we’ve made a priority for investment. This transaction will provide additional expertise and scale for the benefit of our clients, as well as new career path opportunities for employees of both firms.”

 “Cohen & Co shares our core cultural and entrepreneurial philosophies rooted in client service and taking care of our people,” said Tassi in a statement. “This is the natural next step for our firm as we plan for our future. We are impressed with Cohen & Co and are confident our clients and teammates will benefit from their leadership and strategic vision.”

The Tassi team will remain in their current Deer Park, Illinois, office space. Combined with Cohen & Co’s existing downtown Loop location, Chicago will becomes one of Cohen & Co’s largest geographic markets.

 Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP served as legal counsel to Cohen & Co. Creative Planning, LLC served as legal counsel to Tassi and Company.

 Cohen & Co announced a strategic growth investment from Lovell Minnick Partners, a private equity firm, last October. The firm’s most recent acquisition was Cleveland-based Tax and Wealth Management, Inc., which closed in January of this year.

In 2023, Cohen added Szymkowiak & Associates CPAs and its affiliate, Pear Consultants LLC, in Buffalo, New York, as well as BBD’s Investment Management Group, a Philadelphia-based provider of audit and tax services for registered and unregistered investment companies. In 2017, it added Arthur Bell, a firm that specialized in auditing mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, hedge funds and investment advisors. 

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Stop settling: A young CPA’s guide to finding your industry niche

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As Mahatma Gandhi famously said, “If you don’t ask, you don’t get it.” I bring this up because young accountants (and soon-to-be accounting graduates) are increasingly telling me they must take any assignment their firm gives them. 

I understand not wanting to make “waves” when you’re just starting your career. But if you don’t have a clear vision of your future self as a CPA, then you’re never going to get there. And when you continually settle, you could be on the fast-track to burn out. Tri-Merit’s CPA Career Satisfaction Survey, among other studies, have shown that burnout is not only caused by long hours and constant stress. It can also be caused by boredom or just feeling increasingly disengaged from your job and your colleagues.

In a perfect world, your company or firm should collaborate with you to align your work with your career goals. This is huge for recruiting and retaining top talent like you. Unfortunately, it doesn’t always work out that way. That means you need to take charge of controlling your career and for being your own advocate. That means getting clear about your passions. 

Identifying your passions

I’ve had a lifelong love affair with entertainment, gaming and numbers. As a child I always claimed the role of banker when playing Monopoly. Growing up, I loved playing video games with my siblings too, whether it was Mario Kart battles or teaming up in co-op adventures. Outside, we spent hours playing football and basketball where competition and strategy were just as exciting. That drive for competition and the thrill of winning — whether in video games or sports — fueled my love for gaming.

Watching characters evolve and worlds unfold has always inspired me. It’s part of what drives my passion for connecting finance to these industries. In many ways, a financial statement is a big puzzle to solve.

I started my career at the Big Four firm where I had interned in college. I was thrilled to have a job at such a prestigious firm even though I knew my first stop — auditing for a large retail chain in Florida — was not where I wanted to spend my career. To lay the groundwork for a transfer to a more interesting area, I made sure I was always one of our group’s strongest performers and used my spare time to scour the firm’s website to identify the partners and managers in charge of the media and entertainment practice. I stayed up on current events in the entertainment industry and even took CPE courses to learn more about accounting issues and nuances of the media and entertainment business.

Once the retail audit in Florida was done, I reached out to my resource director and asked if she knew of any job openings in the media and entertainment practice. The firm had NBC as a client in Los Angeles and New York. It had just opened up a smaller audit for the Puerto Rico division that was headed up in Florida. I liked my chances. But the retail group needed someone year-round in my role. Since I was one of the strongest performers, they didn’t want me to go. So, I kept working hard but never stopped pushing for a transfer and was finally offered an audit assignment for NBC New York. Right before I accepted the transfer, an older colleague I was close with told me that if I really wanted a career as an entertainment industry accountant, then I would have to be in Los Angeles where all the action was. Plus, I didn’t want to go back to the cold weather after my time in Florida.

Instead of moving to New York, I kept looking for opportunities on the West Coast. Eventually, a recruiter told me about Siegried, a nationwide leadership and financial advisory firm with a growing presence in the Los Angeles entertainment market. I flew out for a weekend interview. I was hired soon thereafter as a 23-year-old senior accountant and moved to LA. 

I quickly got exposure to entertainment industry leaders such as Caesars and Fox. The Fox assignment was especially rewarding as we had to create 16 new financial statements from scratch for different parts of the company that never had their own financial statements before.

From Siegfried, I moved on to Netflix and ITV America before starting my own firm, KCK CPA, which provides accounting and financial advisory services to entertainment and cryptocurrency companies. I had always been interested in entrepreneurship, so going out on my own felt like a natural career progression. I even started CPAcon, a conference designed to help change the narrative in accounting and to bring excitement, competition and community through gamified learning into the profession. CPAcon is essentially the accounting industry’s Super Bowl!

5 keys to charting your ideal career path

1. Clarify your goals: Understand why you’re passionate about an industry and how it aligns with your skills and career aspirations. Even if you don’t know what your true passion in life is, that’s OK. What types of things do you find yourself doing when nobody is forcing you to do it? What energizes you? For example, if you like shopping, you could look into career opportunities in retail. If you love cooking and hosting dinner parties, you could consider the restaurant or hospitality industry. Try to get part-time jobs or internships in those industries, so you’ll get a feel for which parts of the industry you like and which parts you don’t like before making a full-time commitment there.

2. Do your research: Learn about your current (or prospective) firm’s involvement in your desired industry. The web and AI have made it incredibly easy to do research on targeted companies and industries. But you must also get out and talk to people in those industries and ask them what their experiences have been like. Also talk to the managers and their direct reports at your firm who are working in your targeted industry. They’re tasked with helping to develop talent and so they’ll appreciate knowing what you’re really interested in and think you might be good at. Lean into face-to-face interaction, even if that makes you uncomfortable at first.

3. Show your value: Highlight your performance and explain how your interests could benefit the firm, such as bringing fresh perspectives or expanding the client base. There’s always a need for fresh ideas and approaches in our profession. Accounting firms are prone to SALY (Same as Last Year) thinking. But you’re young. You can bring in a fresh take such as: “Hey, I understand how you guys do this. But I learned this: x, y and z. Do you think this would be interesting to you?” They might not agree, but it shows you have an interest in their business and that you’re taking the initiative to learn. That will help you stand out.

4. Have a thoughtful conversation: Schedule a meeting with the managers and resource directors at your firm to discuss your career development, share your interests and propose actionable steps, like taking on relevant projects or clients. They usually have control over your schedule and how your time is allocated at the firm. Make them your allies. 

5. Be patient but persistent: The influencers you’re trying to reach are busy people and may not have the same sense of urgency as you do. This is one of the hardest lessons for young professionals to learn. Just because you sent someone a text or email doesn’t mean they’re going to drop everything to read it. You must keep reminding them who you are and what you’re seeking. You may need to follow up every week or two (put it in your calendar or reminder tool) to keep the heat on. Don’t worry about being too pushy —- they’ll let you know if you’re over-stepping. More often than not, they’ll appreciate the courteous, professional reminders. 

No one knows you better than yourself and it’s on you — not your employer — to chart your most fulfilling career path. Be your own advocate. My journey from retail auditing to entertainment industry accounting wasn’t just luck — it was the result of careful planning, persistent networking and a clear vision of where I wanted to go. You can too.

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Accounting

Wealthy tax cheats set to benefit from Trump plans to halve IRS

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Cutting IRS staffing in half over the next 10 months would mean less help and longer waits for many U.S. taxpayers and increase the risk that wealthy tax cheats escape paying what they owe.

It also would leave the Internal Revenue Service with its smallest workforce since at least the 1960s, according to official IRS data.

The Trump administration plans to cut the number of IRS employees in half by the end of the year, Bloomberg Tax reported Tuesday. But gutting the workforce so dramatically and so quickly could mean slower refunds and processing of returns for many Americans, taking the agency back to the difficulties it experienced before an infusion of tens of billions in new funding under the 2022 tax-and-climate law known as the Inflation Reduction Act, according to tax professionals.

“This strikes me as foolhardy, unless your intention is to bankrupt the US government by essentially making tax-paying optional,” said Kimberly Clausing, a tax law professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and a former Treasury Department official under President Joe Biden. “I think the approach they’re following so far seems to be taking a wrecking ball to the system without concern for the consequences.”

The planned job cuts in an IRS workforce that in January was roughly 100,000 would come across the agency. They would include attrition, layoffs, and two already-announced efforts: the firing of probationary employees, and Trump adviser Elon Musk’s “deferred resignation” plan, under which some employees have resigned in exchange for getting paid through this September.

About 12,000 employees have already left the agency under those two efforts.

“The IRS needs more people, not less,” said Lee Meyercord, a partner at Holland & Knight. Job cuts like these “will reverse the dramatic improvement in recent years in taxpayer service, collection, and enforcement.”

Tax cheats “will sleep better at night,” Clausing said, anticipating that audits of wealthy people would be more drawn-out, less efficient, and less probing when they happen at all.

Structure changes, uncertainty

Not everyone has the same view of the workforce changes.

Halving staff numbers “will force the IRS to rethink how it’s structured and how it operates,” said David Kautter, federal specialty tax leader at RSM US LLP and a former Treasury Department tax official during President Donald Trump’s first term. The administration still wants to collect taxes, but the huge cuts are an expression of the idea that the IRS “needs to change” and “do something different,” he said.

But large staffing cuts would mean longer waits for taxpayers to resolve disputes with the IRS, said Nikole Flax, a principal at PricewaterhouseCoopers and a former commissioner of the IRS’s Large Business & International division.

There would be “less opportunities for tax certainty” if dispute-resolution programs like appeals, fast-track settlement and advance pricing agreements become less accessible to taxpayers, she said.

Longer waits on dispute resolution would also cost companies money, in the form of continuing legal fees and interest that keeps accruing on their tax bills.

‘Distrust of the government’

Which areas will feel the greatest impact will depend on exactly where the job cuts ultimately are made, said Monte Jackel, principal at Jackel Tax Law and a former IRS official. Whether they’re from employees generally or focused on IRS divisions such as LB&I and the Office of Chief Counsel; whether they’re primarily in Washington or outside Washington.

“I don’t know how they’re going to prioritize it,” Jackel said.

The consequences of the job cuts could be long-lasting, said Janet Holtzblatt, senior fellow at the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center.

Next year’s filing season was already looking “shaky” anyway, she said, because IRS funding via the Inflation Reduction Act is supposed to dry up by the end of this year, and layoffs will only deepen the problems with IRS performance.

“In combination, it adds to the distrust of the government and it creates further vulnerabilities in the IRS’s ability to administer the tax code,” Holtzblatt said.

The threat of major job cuts has already decimated morale among IRS employees, said David Carrone, an IRS revenue agent and a chapter president for the National Treasury Employees Union in Arkansas and Louisiana.

“Your whole routine is gone. You’re waiting for that tap on your shoulder,” Carrone said. Employees continue to do their work, he said, but “the reality of the situation is everybody’s head is spinning.”

Kautter said the job cuts will spur the agency to adopt technology rapidly to carry out its work.

But improved IRS technology isn’t a substitute for the people needed to conduct complex audits of wealthy people’s complicated returns that are needed to force them to pay up, Carrone said.

“The computer can’t catch those.”

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