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U.S. investigating SAP, Carahsoft for possible price-fixing

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German software developer SAP SE, product reseller Carahsoft Technology Corp. and other companies are being probed by U.S. officials for potentially conspiring to overcharge government agencies over the course of a decade. 

Since at least 2022, Justice Department lawyers have been looking at whether SAP — which makes accounting, human resources, supply chain and other business software used across the globe — illegally conspired with Carahsoft to fix prices on sales to the U.S. military and other parts of the government, according to federal court records filed in Baltimore.

The civil investigation, which hasn’t previously been reported, poses a legal risk to a top technology vendor to the U.S. government and to Germany’s most valuable company as its shares are soaring.

The review also shines an even greater light on Carahsoft, a large software vendor whose offices in Virginia were raided on Tuesday by FBI agents and military investigators. 

Carahsoft spokesperson Mary Lange described the search as “an investigation into a company with which Carahsoft has done business in the past.” It’s not clear if the search is related to the investigation of SAP. Lange and other Carahsoft representatives declined to answer detailed questions. 

SAP's corporate campus in Walldorf, Germany
A logo on an office at the SAP SE campus in Walldorf, Germany.

Alex Kraus/Bloomberg

SAP has been cooperating with the DOJ’s civil investigation “since the beginning,” spokesman Daniel Reinhardt said in an emailed statement. The German company is not involved in any criminal investigation related to Carahsoft and has no information about “the latest events” concerning its vendor, he said.

SAP shares dropped 2.4% to close at €201.80 in Frankfurt on Wednesday. The shares have risen about 44% this year. 

News of the probe also had knock-on effects for shares of ServiceNow Inc. and Okta Inc., which both “saw over 40% of disclosed federal contract dollars come through Carahsoft,” according to a note from Piper Sandler. Shares of ServiceNow fell as much as 4% on Wednesday. Okta shares declined as much as 1.7%.

Civil probe

The long-running civil probe is focused on the companies possibly rigging the market for the more than $2 billion worth of SAP technology that the U.S. government has purchased since 2014, according to the court records. They show prosecutors are also examining the role of other software resellers and a unit of Accenture, a giant management and technology consulting firm.

Many investigations end without any formal accusations of wrongdoing. 

Accenture spokesperson Peter Soh said the subsidiary, Accenture Federal Services LLC, “is responding to an administrative subpoena and is cooperating with the DOJ.” The Justice Department didn’t respond to requests for comment. 

The Justice Department classifies bid rigging as a form of fraud that involves an agreement among competitors as to who will be the winning bidder.

The investigation came to public light in an ongoing court fight between the prosecutors and Carahsoft over the closely held firm’s handling of a legal demand for documents. While many records in that separate proceeding are sealed or heavily redacted, unredacted versions of documents describing the underlying investigation were also publicly available.

False Claims Act

It’s unclear exactly when prosecutors began examining the relationship between SAP, which has its headquarters in Walldorf, Germany, and Carahsoft, based in Reston, Virginia. But by June 2022 prosecutors had sent Carahsoft a demand to turn over documents and provide information related to potential violations of the False Claims Act.

The civil investigative demand — which was among the unredacted documents obtained by Bloomberg News — states that prosecutors are examining whether SAP, Carahsoft and other firms made false statements to the Department of Defense by coordinating bids and prices for “SAP software, cloud storage, and related hardware and services.” The document directs Carahsoft to produce a wide array of emails, text messages, contracts, staff lists and other information related to its sale of SAP software. 

More than a year later, federal prosecutors sued Carahsoft, seeking to have a federal judge in Baltimore enforce the demand and alleging that the company has “obstinately refused to provide this basic information.” Back-and-forth litigation in the case — much of it sealed from public view — continued up to last Friday, when it was assigned to a new magistrate judge for pretrial fact-finding known as discovery. 

One of Carahsoft’s lawyers, Richard Conway, declined to answer questions about the case, the civil investigation or the FBI search of his client’s office.

“I don’t discuss such matters in the press,” he said when reached by phone Tuesday. 

In response to questions about the FBI search, Lange said Carahsoft is “fully cooperating on this matter” and “operating business as usual.”

Carahsoft dominant

Since its founding in 2004, Carahsoft has grown into a dominant player in the government technology procurement market. Last year, it ranked 45th on Forbes’ list of the largest private companies in the U.S., with $11 billion in estimated revenue and more than 2,400 employees.

Among all federal vendors of IT products, Carahsoft holds the second-highest value of contracts directly with the government, totaling $3.5 billion since the beginning of fiscal 2020, according to Bloomberg Government data. Only Dell Technologies Inc. has more revenue.

SAP technology is a big chunk of this business. Carahsoft received more than 600 federal contracts for SAP tech worth more than $990 million and “facilitated” as much as $1 billion more in additional sales, prosecutors said in court filings. 

It’s unclear what portion of these sales prosecutors believe might have been shaped by bid rigging. The False Claims Act allows the government to recover up to three times its damages plus a penalty. 

Both SAP and Carahsoft have had other run-ins with the Justice Department.

In 2015, Carahsoft and VMware LLC agreed to pay $75.5 million to resolve allegations in a False Claims Act lawsuit accusing them of overcharging the government for VMware’s software and services from 2007 to 2013, according to a statement from the department.

Deferred prosecution

In January, SAP agreed to pay more than $220 million to resolve a foreign bribery investigation by U.S. authorities. The company entered into a three-year, deferred-prosecution agreement with the Justice Department after it was charged in a pair of schemes to bribe government officials in South Africa and Indonesia.

Earlier this month, German prosecutors opened a criminal probe into the company’s chief technology officer, who is stepping down due to “inappropriate” behavior. 

The new investigation comes to light as SAP’s share price has been hitting record highs amid a corporate restructuring. This year, chief executive officer Christian Klein has cut jobs and spending at the company, even as other executives have left or announced their departures in recent months. 

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IRS employee union requests emergency relief

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The National Treasury Employees Union, which represents workers at the Internal Revenue Service among 37 federal agencies and offices, has asked a federal judge for emergency relief to preserve the union rights of federal employees while NTEU’s legal challenge to President Trump’s executive order stripping unions of collective bargaining rights can be heard in court.

Trump signed an executive order last Thursday removing the requirements from employees at agencies including the Treasury Department that he deemed to have national security missions. On Monday, the NTEU filed a lawsuit to stop the move arguing that Trump’s rationale for protecting national security was just a way to end union protections for federal workers. The administration also wants to prevent the unions from collecting dues automatically withheld from employee paychecks.

NTEU’s request for a preliminary injunction was filed Friday with U.S. District Judge Paul Friedman.

 “NTEU seeks emergency relief to protect itself and the workers it represents from this unlawful attempt to eliminate collective bargaining for some two-thirds of the federal workforce,” the request stated.

The NTEU contended that the Trump administration’s executive order claims that allowing workers to join a union was a threat to national security were absurd.

“We all know this has nothing to do with national security and that the true goal here is to make it easier to fire federal employees across government,” said NTEU national president Doreen Greenwald in a statement Friday. “Just five days after declaring the administration would no longer honor our contract with Health and Human Services, thousands of brilliant civil servants who work tirelessly to improve public health were let go for spurious reasons and little recourse to fight back.”

The union pointed out that Congress declared 47 years ago that collective bargaining in the federal sector was in the public’s interest by giving employees a voice in the workplace and allowing labor and management to work together. It acknowledged there is a narrow exemption in the law for groups of employees whose work directly impacts national security, but argued that Trump’s executive order is blatant retaliation against federal sector unions and ignores the laws passed by Congress creating the agencies.

In agencies where a reduction-in-force has been announced, NTEU’s contracts provide time for employees to respond to a RIF notice and explore alternatives to mitigate the impact of the layoffs.

Earlier this week, after two court rulings in California and Maryland, the IRS’s acting commissioner, Melanie Krause, announced the IRS would be bringing back approximately 7,000 probationary employees who had been fired and then put on paid administrative leave.

A bipartisan bill has been introduced in Congress to preserve collective bargaining rights for federal employees. The Protect America’s Workforce Act (H.R. 2550), sponsored by Rep. Jared Golden, D-Maine, and Brian Fitzpatrick, R-Pennsylvania, would overturn Trump’s executive order stripping collective bargaining rights from hundreds of thousands of federal workers at multiple agencies.  Separately, eight House Republicans and every House and Senate Democrat have sent letters to the White House condemning the executive order.

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Estate planning for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act expiration

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The political calculus involved with the details of estate planning next year and beyond may be distracting financial advisors and clients from a larger, simpler conversation, one expert says.

On the off chance that the federal estate-tax exemption levels of $13.99 million for individuals (and double for couples) revert to half those amounts when Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions expire in 2026, only 0.2% of households would face potential duties upon transfer of assets, according to Ben Rizzuto, a wealth strategist with Janus Henderson Investors‘ Specialist Consulting Group. He predicted that most financial advisors and high net worth clients, such as those he works with and others across the industry, will see no changes. 

With few other revenue-raising provisions available to President Donald Trump and Republican lawmakers, they’re not likely to shield all estates from payments to Uncle Sam — as much as they might like to play undertaker to the “Death of the Death Tax,” Rizzuto said, using the label for estate taxes adopted by critics favoring bills like the “Death Tax Repeal Act.” Lawmakers’ decisions on future exemptions from the taxes (and when they make those decisions) remain out of advisors’ control. Meanwhile, they must remind clients that estate planning is much more than having a will and avoiding taxes, Rizzuto said.

“For financial advisors and clients, I would expect for many of them not to have to worry about federal estate taxes next year,” he said in an interview. “Even though they may not have to worry about it, there are still a lot of good conversations to be had.”

READ MORE: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act expiration: A guide for financial advisors

The 1%

Trust tools that reduce the value of the assets that will transfer to spouses or other beneficiaries upon a client’s death, combined with the available statistics about the shrinking share of estates subject to taxes, could bring some peace of mind to clients. The 2017 tax law itself pushed down estate tax liability as a percentage of gross domestic product to a quarter of its 2001 level, according to an analysis by the “Budget Model” of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. Just two years after the law’s passage, the number of taxable estates had plummeted to 1,275 — or 1% of the number at the beginning of the century.

At the same time, advisors could raise any number of questions with clients about their estates that involve varying degrees of expertise and collaboration with outside professionals. And many surveys have found that clients are expecting them to do so. For example, at least 70% out of a group of 10,000 adults contacted in January by WeAreTalker (formerly OnePoll) on behalf of online legal information service Trust & Will said advisors should offer estate planning. In addition, 40% of the group said they would switch to an advisor who provided that service.

“We’re seeing a fundamental shift in client expectations,” Trust & Will CEO Cody Barbo said in a statement. “The findings are clear. Advisors who fail to integrate estate planning into their practice aren’t just missing an opportunity; they are facing a threat to their client base as wealth transfers to younger generations over the next two decades.”

READ MORE: Ethical wills can be a crucial tool for estate planning

chart visualization

Get back to the planning basics

In that context, advisors and their clients should steer clear of trying to make sense of a complicated, ever-changing flow of news from Capitol Hill as Trump and the GOP pursue major tax legislation with a year-end deadline, Rizzuto said. If clients truly could be on the hook for estate taxes, a grantor retained annuity trust, a spousal lifetime access trust or gifting strategies may eliminate the possibility. One method involved with the latter could set them up in the future to receive stock that is “highly appreciated with lower basis,” Rizzuto noted, citing the example of equities that have gained a lot of value that a client could give to their parents.

“Why not gift them upstream?” Rizzuto said. “My father holds it. I tell him, ‘Dad, you have to do these things: Live for another 12 months, make sure you don’t sell, make sure that you update your will or your instructions to gift it back to me when you die.’ That’s another idea that we’ve been talking about with advisors.”

From another perspective, these possible paths forward may beckon to clients this year, if they are tuning into Beltway news about the progress of the tax legislation, he said. To bypass the risk of client perceptions that their advisor isn’t doing any tax planning at all, Washington’s complex maneuvering around the future rules is, “if nothing else,” a “great opportunity for advisors to bring this up at a very high level,” Rizzuto said.

“Advisors will really need to go back to basics and have some foundational conversations with clients,” he said, suggesting their goals with taxes as one key point of discussion. “‘What is it that we actually control within your financial and tax plan?’ When it comes right down to it, it’s really just incomes and deductions.”

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Developing future leaders in accounting: the new imperative in an AI and automation driven era

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As technology continues to automate routine tasks, the role of finance professionals is evolving, demanding deeper capabilities in critical thinking, communication and business acumen. 

Many of PrimeGlobal’s North American firms are focused on cultivating these skills in their future leaders. Carla McCall, managing partner at AAFCPAs, Randy Nail, CEO of HoganTaylor, and Grassi managing partner Louis Grassi shared their views with PrimeGlobal CEO Steve Heathcote on the need for future leaders to balance technological proficiency with human-centered skills to thrive.

AI is transforming the sector by streamlining workflows, automating data analysis and reducing manual processes. However, rather than replacing accountants, AI is reshaping their roles, enabling them to focus on higher-value tasks. In the words of Louis Grassi, AI can be seen as a strategic partner, freeing accountants from routine tasks, enabling deeper engagement with clients, more thoughtful analysis, and ultimately better decision-making. 

Nail emphasized the importance of embracing AI, warning that those who fail to adapt risk being replaced by professionals who leverage the technology more effectively. HoganTaylor’s “innovation sprint” generated over 100 ideas for AI integration, underscoring why a proactive approach to adopting new technologies is so necessary and valuable.

McCall advocates for an educational shift that equips professionals with the skills to interpret AI-generated insights. She stressed that accounting curricula of the future must evolve to incorporate advanced technology training, ensuring future accountants are well-versed in AI tools and data analytics. Moreover, simulation-based learning is becoming increasingly crucial as traditional methods of education become obsolete in the face of automation.

Talent development and leadership growth

As AI reshapes the profession, firms must rethink how they develop and nurture their future leaders. To attract and retain top talent, firms need to prioritize personalized development plans that align with individual career goals. 

HoganTaylor’s approach to talent development integrates technical expertise with leadership and communication training. These initiatives ensure professionals are not only proficient in accounting principles but also equipped to lead teams and navigate complex client interactions.

Nail underscored the growing importance of writing and presentation skills, as AI will handle routine tasks, leaving professionals to focus on higher-level analytical and decision-making responsibilities.

Soft skills are the success skills

While technical proficiency remains vital, future leaders must also cultivate critical thinking, communication and adaptability — skills McCall refers to as the “success skills.” McCall highlights the necessity of business acumen and analytical communication, essential for interpreting data, advising clients and making strategic decisions. 

Recognizing teamwork and collaboration remain crucial in the hybrid work environment, McCall explained in detail how AAFCPA fosters collaboration through structured remote engagement strategies such as “intentional office time,” alcove sessions and stand-up meetings. Similarly, HoganTaylor supports remote teams by offering training for career advisors to ensure effective mentorship and engagement in a dispersed workforce.

McCall emphasized why global experience can be valuable in leadership development. Exposure to diverse markets and accounting practices enhances professionals’ adaptability and broadens their perspectives, preparing them for leadership roles in an increasingly interconnected world.

Grassi reminded us that an often-overlooked leadership skill is curiosity. In his view the most effective leaders of tomorrow will be inherently curious — not just about emerging technologies but about clients, market shifts and global trends. Encouraging curiosity and continuous learning within our firms will distinguish the true industry leaders from those simply reacting to change.

A balanced future

What’s clear from speaking to our leaders is PrimeGlobal’s role in fostering trust, community and knowledge sharing. McCall recommended member-driven panels to discuss AI implementation and automation strategies and share best practice. Nail, on the other hand, valued PrimeGlobal’s focus on addressing critical industry issues and encouraged continuous evolution to meet professionals’ changing needs.

The future of leadership in the accountancy profession hinges on a balanced approach, leveraging AI to enhance efficiency while cultivating essential human skills that technology cannot replicate, which Grassi highlights skills including leadership and building client trust.

As McCall and Nail advocate, the next generation of accountants must be agile thinkers, skilled communicators and strategic decision-makers. Firms that invest in these competencies will not only stay competitive but will also shape the future of the industry by developing well-rounded leaders prepared for the challenges ahead.

By investing in both AI capabilities and essential human skills, firms can not only future proof their leadership but also shape a resilient and forward-thinking profession ready to meet the challenges of the future.

As Grassi concluded, while technical skills provide the foundation, leadership in accounting increasingly demands emotional intelligence, empathy and adaptability. AI will change how we perform our work, but human connection, trust and nuanced judgment are irreplaceable. Investing in these human-centric skills today is critical for firms aiming to build resilient leaders of tomorrow. To remain relevant and thrive, professionals must prioritize developing strong success skills that will define the leaders of tomorrow.

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