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What disclosures do the Fortune 500 put in their annual reports?

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Financial reporting is constantly evolving, shaped by global events, technological advancements and regulatory changes. 

As we dig into the 2023 annual reports of Fortune 500 companies, we discover that companies are increasingly prioritizing cybersecurity, executive compensation clawbacks and more. 

Cybersecurity disclosures

On July 26, 2023, the SEC issued a final rule on cybersecurity disclosures, effective since December 2023, mandating that public companies disclose material information related to their cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance. 

Per a review performed by Deloitte on Fortune 500 filers from Dec. 15, 2023, through Feb. 29, 2024, most companies included the following, while the details and specifics varied:

  • Cybersecurity frameworks: Companies discussed their use of the National Institute of Standards and Technology or International Organization for Standardization cybersecurity frameworks.
  • Incident response plans: Companies disclosed their formal incident response plans, which are crucial for managing cyber threats.
  • Employee training: Companies emphasized their regular cybersecurity training, including phishing exercises.
  • Vulnerability testing: Companies engage in penetration or vulnerability testing to assess their defenses.

Executive compensation clawback

On Oct. 26, 2022, the SEC issued a final rule on the clawback of executive compensation. This rule requires public companies to disclose and file their recovery policy as an exhibit with their annual report. They must also indicate by checkboxes if the financial statements in the annual report reflect a correction of an error to previously issued financial statements that triggered a recovery analysis, and disclose any actions taken because of the recovery analysis.

  • Clawback policies: Companies are increasingly disclosing their executive compensation clawback policies. These policies allow companies to recoup executive bonuses or incentives in cases of financial restatements due to misconduct or errors.
  • Triggering events: Disclosures outline the conditions triggering clawbacks, the process for recovery, and the role of compensation committees in enforcing accountability.

Artificial intelligence transforming business models

As AI’s transformative potential reshapes world markets, companies have added more disclosures surrounding their adoption of AI technologies. 

  • AI applications: Companies discuss how they incorporate AI into their operations, from customer service chatbots to predictive analytics.
  • Challenges and risks: Disclosures highlight the risks associated with AI, including bias, data privacy and ethical considerations (i.e., legal and compliance requirements such as those under the E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act)

Integrated reporting beyond the numbers

Integrated reporting combines financial and non-financial information to convey a holistic view of a company’s value creation. Key aspects in disclosures among the Fortune 500 included:

  • Materiality: Companies identify material non-financial factors (ESG metrics) that impact their long-term success.
  • Stakeholder engagement: Integrated reports engage stakeholders beyond investors, including employees, customers and communities.
  • Sustainability goals: Companies communicate their commitment to sustainable practices and societal impact.

ESG metrics

Disclosing environmental, social, and governance metrics is gaining prominence. 

  • Environmental responsibility: Companies are reporting on carbon emissions, water usage, and waste management.
  • Social impact: Companies disclose diversity initiatives, employee well-being, and community engagement.

Climate-related disclosures

As climate change becomes a critical global issue, companies are providing granular disclosures on climate risks and opportunities.

  • Physical impacts: Companies assess how climate events (e.g., extreme weather) affect their operations and assets.
  • Reputational risk: Companies discuss how environmental practices impact brand reputation.
  • Regulatory compliance: Companies address the effects of regulations like the E.U. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and state-level climate laws.

In March 2024, the SEC announced its final rule for the Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures. Public companies will be required to begin disclosing material impacts of climate risks and transition activities on their operations and financial statements. 

While, according to a study issued in November 2023, 90% of the Russell 1000 already report on sustainability data, these rules will provide a more consistent guidance and reporting structure than what is currently occurring. 

Tailored disclosures needed for each company

The 2023 annual reports reflect a shift toward transparency, sustainability and strategic risk management. As investors and stakeholders demand more comprehensive information, companies must navigate these trends to build trust and resilience in an ever-changing world .

While these trends provide valuable insights, each company’s disclosures should be tailored to its unique circumstances. For CPA consultants, consider advising your clients on effective reporting strategies that align with these evolving themes. 

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Accounting

XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

Padar-Jody- new 2019

Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting

Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Accounting

Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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