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Which States Cost the Most in Taxes Over a Lifetime?

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Earlier this week WalletHub released a study that shows which states’ residents have the highest and lowest tax burden, measured as the proportion of total personal income that residents pay toward state and local taxes. Another study released this week, from credit-building platform Self Financial, analyzed the lifetime cost of tax in the U.S.

The study looks at how much tax the average person is estimated to pay in each state throughout their lifetime. According to Self Financial, these figures were calculated by adding both federal and state lifetime taxes across earnings, sales, property, and automotive, then compared against an estimated lifetime earnings figure based on the results of the latest American Community Survey (with inflation applied to 2024) and multiplied by a working lifetime of 45 years from age 22 to 65 (the expected age of retirement).

Key statistics from the study include:

  • The average American will pay $524,625 in taxes throughout their lifetime—that’s a third (34.7%) of all estimated lifetime earnings ($1,494,986) spent on taxes.
  • Residents of New Jersey will pay the most in lifetime taxes ($987,117), and people in West Virginia will pay the least ($358,407).
  • Tax on earnings is where most tax will come from, with the average American paying $270,414 in a lifetime just on their wages.
  • Owning the most popular car (Toyota RAV4) will cost an additional $38,889 in tax payments alone, across the average four cars owned in a lifetime.
  • Tax on property will set the average homeowner back an additional $165,492 on top of the purchase price and running costs. 
  • Taxpayers in Washington will pay the most on everyday expenses ($83,014), followed by those in California ($78,191), accounting for food, clothing, personal care, and entertainment.

The table below shows a state-by-state breakdown of the average lifetime earnings compared to estimated lifetime taxes, and the percentage of earnings that will go toward tax payments, according to Self Financial:

State Lifetime earnings Lifetime taxes % of earnings
New Jersey $1,818,191 $987,117 54.3%
Connecticut $1,731,261 $855,307 49.4%
Vermont $1,442,094 $651,434 45.2%
New York $1,658,872 $748,199 45.1%
Massachusetts $1,857,438 $816,700 44.0%
New Hampshire $1,674,402 $722,610 43.2%
Rhode Island $1,600,495 $684,828 42.8%
Illinois $1,580,130 $665,286 42.1%
California $1,589,377 $659,224 41.5%
Maine $1,420,847 $581,750 40.9%
Mississippi $1,212,292 $481,017 39.7%
Nebraska $1,441,423 $546,354 37.9%
Wisconsin $1,497,577 $562,204 37.5%
Kansas $1,405,670 $525,482 37.4%
Texas $1,437,047 $531,438 37.0%
Washington $1,729,531 $631,249 36.5%
Iowa $1,443,717 $524,580 36.3%
Minnesota $1,645,072 $589,066 35.8%
Oregon $1,461,612 $521,500 35.7%
Utah $1,397,411 $493,368 35.3%
Pennsylvania $1,508,483 $532,077 35.3%
Virginia $1,652,307 $581,874 35.2%
Michigan $1,386,964 $487,842 35.2%
Maryland $1,871,450 $655,454 35.0%
Idaho $1,254,081 $420,886 33.6%
District of Columbia $2,652,904 $884,820 33.4%
Missouri $1,392,011 $463,997 33.3%
Hawaii $1,581,119 $521,966 33.0%
Colorado $1,648,566 $540,680 32.8%
Arizona $1,443,082 $470,554 32.6%
North Carolina $1,381,529 $450,446 32.6%
Ohio $1,425,470 $453,333 31.8%
Montana $1,279,987 $406,829 31.8%
Indiana $1,405,776 $443,271 31.5%
Kentucky $1,307,340 $411,333 31.5%
South Carolina $1,326,469 $416,183 31.4%
Nevada $1,415,800 $440,737 31.1%
New Mexico $1,224,927 $379,638 31.0%
Arkansas $1,264,951 $381,758 30.2%
Georgia $1,422,823 $426,896 30.0%
Tennessee $1,359,081 $390,663 28.7%
Oklahoma $1,306,352 $371,432 28.4%
West Virginia $1,263,434 $358,407 28.4%
Florida $1,335,046 $377,379 28.3%
Wyoming $1,401,788 $394,772 28.2%
Alabama $1,296,399 $360,053 27.8%
North Dakota $1,523,518 $422,314 27.7%
South Dakota $1,390,105 $380,130 27.3%
Louisiana $1,318,458 $358,611 27.2%
Delaware $1,526,730 $392,091 25.7%
Alaska $1,632,895 $400,742 24.5%

Inheritance tax was excluded from this study as it was deemed the average American would not have to pay this due to inheritance thresholds not being exceeded, Self Financial said. Only six states have an inheritance tax, and according to 2021 data from the IRS, just 0.2% of U.S. adults who die have owed estate tax in recent years.

Marriage and its effect on taxes also weren’t applied to this study as it did not impact taxes in the vast majority of cases representing the average American taxpayer, according to Self Financial.

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Hardware Rally Diverges From Software Stocks

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Hardware Rally Diverges From Software Stocks

As midyear earnings reports flood Wall Street during the week of July 21, 2026, a sharp performance divergence has emerged within the technology sector. Equity indices reflect robust institutional buying in semiconductor manufacturers, data center infrastructure providers, and specialized power equipment suppliers. Conversely, enterprise Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) equities are facing notable valuation pressure as institutional investors demand clear, high-margin top-line revenue growth to justify elevated price-to-earnings multiples.

The sustained momentum in hardware equities is anchored in massive, multi-billion-dollar capital expenditure budgets allocated by mega-cap technology corporations. Demand for next-generation computing architectures, high-density server hardware, and specialized cooling infrastructure remains unyielding as enterprises globally build out localized computing clusters. Semiconductor foundries and equipment manufacturers continue to report record order backlogs, granting these companies exceptional pricing power and revenue visibility despite broader macroeconomic uncertainty.

In contrast, the enterprise software segment is navigating a rigorous fundamental reassessment. While software vendors have aggressively integrated automated digital features across their applications, enterprise customers are closely scrutinizing software licensing expenditures. Corporate IT departments are demanding verifiable productivity metrics before expanding user licenses, leading to extended sales cycles for software providers. Firms that fail to demonstrate direct, measurable return on investment are experiencing sharp post-earnings corrections.

For equity portfolio managers, navigating the midyear technology landscape requires strict balance sheet analysis and disciplined stock selection. Investors should focus on hardware leaders with defensible technological moats and enterprise software firms featuring deep workflow integration and proven monetization models. Maintaining a balanced, highly selective exposure protects capital while capturing structural technological growth.

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Hardware vs. Software Divergence: Navigating Midyear 2026 Tech Sector Earnings

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Hardware vs. Software Divergence: Navigating Midyear 2026 Tech Sector Earnings

As the midyear 2026 earnings season accelerates through the week of July 20, the technology sector is displaying a notable operational split between hardware infrastructure providers and enterprise software-as-a-service (SaaS) platforms. Market indices reflect strong institutional demand for companies supplying core computing hardware, advanced power management systems, and specialized optical networking components. Conversely, software providers are facing intense margin scrutiny as Wall Street demands concrete, high-margin revenue growth to justify elevated software valuations.

The sustained outperformance of hardware equities is anchored in ongoing, multi-billion-dollar global capital investments into data center infrastructure, grid capacity expansion, and high-performance chip architecture. Semiconductor foundries and specialized component suppliers have consistently reported robust order backlogs, driven by enterprise commitments to build out secure, localized computing clusters. Investors have rewarded these companies due to their tangible, order-backed revenue visibility and strong pricing power in a constrained supply environment.

On the other hand, the software sector is navigating a transition phase. While enterprise software vendors have heavily invested in integrating automated AI capabilities across their product suites, corporate clients are scrutinizing software licencing costs and requiring clear return-on-investment metrics before expanding enterprise seat licenses. Consequently, software vendors that rely on generic feature upgrades without demonstrable productivity improvements are seeing extended sales cycles and valuation compression during quarterly earnings calls.

For equity investors, navigating the tech market for the remainder of 2026 requires rigorous fundamental analysis focused on capital efficiency and cash flow generation. Strategic focus should be directed toward hardware leaders with unassailable technological moats and enterprise software companies possessing deep workflow integration and proven monetization models. Maintaining a balanced, selective exposure ensures participation in technological growth while hedging against localized valuation corrections.

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Utilities Re-Valuation: How Industrial Power Demand Driven by AI Upgrades Sector Equities

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How Industrial Power Demand Driven by AI Upgrades Sector Equities

Traditionally viewed as defensive, low-growth dividend plays, utility equities are undergoing a remarkable structural re-valuation across major stock exchanges in July 2026. Driven by an unprecedented surge in industrial power requirements—stemming from high-density data centers, advanced domestic manufacturing plants, and widespread electrification initiatives—utility providers are presenting revenue growth profiles historically reserved for growth sectors. This transition has repositioned power and energy infrastructure equities into prime targets for institutional capital.

The driver of this market shift is the long-term contractual nature of commercial energy demand. Tech giants and industrial manufacturers are entering into multi-decade power purchase agreements (PPAs) with utility operators to secure guaranteed baseload power. To meet this demand, utility companies are undertaking massive capital expenditure programs to modernize electrical transmission networks, integrate next-generation nuclear and renewable power facilities, and enhance regional grid resilience. Regulated utility models allow these companies to earn predictable returns on these substantial capital investments.

Furthermore, equity analysts highlight that the sector offers an attractive blend of growth potential and downside protection in a sustained high-interest-rate environment. While elevated capital costs increase borrowing expenses for grid infrastructure upgrades, the sheer volume of new industrial power demand provides strong top-line revenue expansion that offsets debt-servicing expenses. Investors seeking reliable yield combined with structural capital appreciation are increasingly allocating capital to regulated electric utilities and independent power producers.

Moving through the second half of 2026, portfolio managers recommend evaluating utility equities based on regional regulatory environments and capital execution track records. Companies operating in regions with streamlined permitting processes, supportive state regulatory commissions, and direct proximity to expanding industrial corridors are best positioned to deliver superior long-term shareholder value.

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