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Trump tariffs take effect hiking trade levies to a 100-year high

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President Donald Trump’s so-called reciprocal tariffs are now in place, dealing a thunderous blow to the world economy as he pushes forward efforts to drastically reorder global trade.

Trump’s latest tariffs push levies imposed on China this year to as high as 104%, along with import taxes on roughly 60 trading partners that run trade surpluses with the U.S. That comes after a 10% baseline tariff for most US trading partners took effect Saturday.

The moves raise tariffs to their highest level in more than a century.

China announced retaliatory measures at 7 p.m. Beijing time, raising tariffs on U.S. goods from 34% to 84% from April 10, according to a statement.  

Treasuries extended their selloff, with 30-year yields soaring briefly above 5%, and Asian shares and European shares fell in Wednesday trading. U.S. futures fell sharply after China announced retaliation. Markets had remained volatile throughout the US day Tuesday, rallying as Trump previewed negotiations with South Korea, then reversing as the administration affirmed plans to move ahead with its massive China tariffs.

Asian countries are bearing the brunt of the measures, with Cambodia facing 49% and Vietnam 46%. Imports from the European Union will be taxed at a 20% rate.

“The tariffs are on and the money is pouring in at a level that we’ve never seen before, and it’s going to be great for us. It’s going to be great for other countries. We’ve been ripped off and abused by countries for many years,” Trump said Tuesday at a White House event. 

In the hours before implementation — at 12:01 a.m. Wednesday in Washington — the White House insisted the duties were indeed coming, squelching market speculation for any last-minute reprieve. 

U.S. levies on China now include previous 20% levies tied to fentanyl trafficking, a 34% “reciprocal” tariff derived from a calculation based on the bilateral trade balance, and an additional 50% duty Trump announced after Beijing said it would respond by taxing U.S. exports to China. 

The president welcomed appeals from U.S. allies who want him to lower their rates, saying Tuesday that teams from Japan and South Korea were en route to hammer out agreements. Trump hosted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu earlier this week for talks, while Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni will travel to Washington next week

“We’re doing very well in making, I call them tailored deals, not off-the-rack,” Trump said. “It’s been amazing what’s happened. Sometimes you have to mix it up a little bit.”

Still, risks to the world economy abound with Trump’s approach.

China has been defiant in the face of Trump’s tariffs, declaring plans to “fight to the end.” The escalation in tensions makes any imminent call between Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping less likely and the latest comments raised the risk of a prolonged trade war between the world’s two largest economies.

Xi’s No. 2, Li Qiang, said his country has ample policy tools to “fully offset” any negative external shocks in the wake of Trump’s tariffs.  

Other economic powers are striking back as well. In Canada, a 25% counter-tariff to the auto tariffs Trump imposed on his northern neighbor last week also took effect a minute after midnight. In Europe, both France and Germany are pushing for a tougher response. 

The White House has been on defense since last week when Trump unveiled his latest tariff plan. Trump argues that the taxes will boost U.S. prosperity and revive domestic manufacturing, but his approach has drawn criticism from Wall Street, economists and some in Trump’s own party, who have questioned the administration’s methodology and warned of an economic fallout that could include higher consumer prices and slower growth, if not a recession.

“Whose throat do I get to choke if this proves to be wrong?” Senator Thom Tillis, a North Carolina Republican facing a competitive reelection race next year, asked during a congressional hearing Tuesday. He was one of a number of lawmakers voicing anxiety as constituents see their retirement funds fluctuate.

Speaking to U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, Tillis also asked if voters will feel results from the tariffs in about a year. “I wish you well, but I am skeptical,” he said.

Greer told lawmakers: “We will have the president’s plan going into effect and we’re coupling that with immediate negotiations with our partners.”

Since Trump’s announcement, the administration has offered mixed messages on the path forward. Some have said the tariffs will unlock talks that see other countries lower barriers on U.S. exports, and perhaps result in Trump reducing his rates as well. But White House trade advisor Peter Navarro has repeatedly pushed back on the notion Trump is merely using tariffs as a negotiating tool. 

For Trump, who has long argued for tariffs as a solution for his trade grievances, this plan will reassert U.S. power, revive domestic manufacturing and extract geopolitical concessions.

Urgent diplomacy

Affected nations were rushing to win better terms and weighing their responses ahead of the April 9 deadline, while grappling with a process that many described as chaotic and opaque.

A top Vietnamese official visited Washington for last-minute meetings seeking to blunt one of the highest tariff rates applied on any U.S. partner. The nation has been engaging in urgent diplomacy and its representatives have conveyed to Trump administration officials that it is working to address a trade imbalance.

Trump said Tuesday he spoke with the South Korean interim leader Han Duck-soo “about their tremendous and unsustainable Surplus, Tariffs, Shipbuilding” and “large scale purchase” of U.S. liquid natural gas. He also discussed “their joint venture in an Alaska Pipeline, and payment for the big time Military Protection we provide to South Korea.” 

The U.S. president described the discussion as a “great call” and posted on social media that “things are looking good.” South Korea said it’s seeking to cut a “big” trade deal with Washington, and that top commerce officials from both sides will handle detailed negotiations.

Japan sent senior officials to Washington to lay the groundwork for tariff negotiations, following a call on Monday between Trump and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba. On Wednesday, ministers kept urging the U.S. to review its tariffs while a plunge in stocks and bonds prompted officials from the central bank and the finance ministry to hold a meeting to soothe frayed nerves.

EU officials were working on next steps after the U.S. president rejected a proposal to drop tariffs on bilateral trade in industrial goods, saying Monday that it was not enough to reset the trading relationship. 

Wall Street

A series of Wall Street executives criticized the plan this week, including JPMorgan Chase & Co. Chief Executive Officer Jamie Dimon, who in his annual shareholder letter Monday called for a quick resolution to trade policy uncertainty and warned against a potentially “disastrous” fragmentation of America’s long-term economic alliances.

Also expressing concerns in a litany of social media posts was Bill Ackman, the founder of Pershing Square Capital Management and a Trump supporter. He later said he was supportive of the tariff strategy, but called for a pause before the reciprocal duties took effect.

While Trump’s aides have offered a chorus of support for the tariffs, some tensions among his team have started to show. Tesla Inc. CEO Elon Musk, who advises Trump, called Navarro a “moron” in a social media post after Navarro called him a “car assembler” rather than a car manufacturer. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt dismissed the clash, saying “boys will be boys.”

Trump, undaunted, is planning more. 

Long-promised tariffs on pharmaceutical drugs will be announced “very shortly,” he told Republicans in Washington Tuesday. Other threatened sectoral tariffs include on lumber and semiconductor chips. 

And Trump is set to further escalate his trade war with China in the coming months, with the White House announcing late Tuesday a plan to increase planned tariffs even further on small parcels from mainland China and Hong Kong that had previously been exempt from taxes.

All of this, the president and his administration have repeatedly promised, will lead to a future boom, both economically for the U.S. and politically for his party.

“We’re going to win the midterm elections, and we’re going to have a tremendous, thundering landslide,” Trump told Republican lawmakers and donors Tuesday. “I really believe that.”

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Accounting

Congress reintroduces bill to make accounting a STEM subject

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Rep. Young Kim, R-California, and Haley Haley Stevens, D-Michigan, reintroduced bipartisan legislation to recognize accounting as a STEM field like other science, technology, engineering and mathematics-related subjects and enable K-12 STEM funding to be used for accounting awareness and education. 

The legislation, known as Accounting STEM Pursuit Act of 2025 (H.R. 2911), has been backed by the American Institute of CPAs, which has long advocated for recognizing accounting as a STEM subject and supported similar legislation in 2021 and 2023.

“STEM educational opportunities are vital to our economy and national security, helping students get good paying jobs and boosting our nation’s competitiveness,” Kim said in a statement Tuesday. “Accounting is a STEM field important to all U.S. industries, and building a CPA pipeline is more important than ever in our dynamic, 21st century economy. I’m proud to lead this bipartisan bill to uplift students with the skills they need to contribute to our workforce and support our future economy.”

Proponents hope the bill will pass this time and encourage more young people to pursue accounting careers.

 ”Quality, accessible STEM education is the path to a good paying job and all students should have access to it,” Stevens stated. “That’s why I am introducing the Accounting STEM Pursuit Act of 2025, which will introduce students to opportunities in the accounting profession early on to strengthen the future of this vital industry and ensure that accounting, a field increasingly intertwined with technology, is accessible to all students.” 

The AICPA noted that over time, technology has evolved and many professions, including accounting, have evolved with it. Digital technology tools are automating and improving many old accounting tasks, opening up avenues for more creative work such as data analysis, advising on business decisions and hunting down fraud. STEM recognition for accounting at the K-12 level, in tandem with the potential for existing STEM K-12 federal funding to be used for accounting awareness and education, would affirm that the accounting profession is qualified to assess the technological world businesses are in today and expose a larger cross-section of students to potential careers in accounting, while growing the profession’s pipeline.

“For years, STEM curriculum has been a driving force in our education system, providing students with the education needed to develop critical skills that will allow them to compete in a global economy. Accounting has always embodied the values of STEM education, and we believe now is the time to recognize accounting as a STEM curriculum,” said Susan Coffey, CEO of public accounting at the AICPA, in a statement. “STEM recognition for accounting will help expose students from all backgrounds to the profession, strengthen the accounting pipeline and provide increased opportunities for students in various communities. We thank Representatives Kim and Stevens for their leadership and dedication on this issue and urge members of Congress to support this legislation.”

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Millionaire tax-hike talks gain steam as Trump signals openness

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Republicans in the White House, Senate and House are drafting analyses on how best to craft a new tax bracket for the wealthiest Americans, work that signals the GOP under President Donald Trump is seriously considering ideas to raise taxes on the rich.

The House proposal would set the new rate at 40% for taxpayers earning $1 million or more a year, according to people familiar with the proposal. Economic policy aides in the Senate and the Trump administration have been studying the idea as well, according to people briefed on the work. 

A White House official, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss private conversations, said Trump is open to the idea of a new top tax bracket. However, the person emphasized that the higher rate should kick in at a threshold far greater than $1 million.

“We are investigating and having discussions with Congress about a variety of potential offsets,” Deputy Treasury Secretary Michael Faulkender said Tuesday at an event in Washington, noting that there are “many, many ideas” being studied to minimize the total cost of the tax bill though no decisions have been made.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in an interview Monday with Bloomberg News that “everything is on the table” with regards to the tax bill. 

A Senate Finance Committee spokesperson declined to comment. Representatives for the White House and the House Ways and Means Committee did not immediately provide comment.

The discussions about a new tax bracket for millionaires come as Republicans are looking for ways to pay for a sweeping tax bill by the end of 2025 when several of Trump’s first-term cuts expire. The current top tax rate is 37% for individuals earning more than $626,350 a year.

The higher rates on top earners could be a way to offset the cost of an expanded state and local tax deduction, a popular and politically important tax break for swing district Republicans in New York, New Jersey and California, one person said. 

The SALT deduction benefits skew toward higher-earners, so offsetting the cost with a millionaires bracket would serve a way to minimize the tax savings flowing to wealthy Americans in the bill. Republicans are considering expanding the SALT cap from $10,000 to as high as $25,000 per person.

Trump, in addition to renewing his 2017 cuts for households and privately held businesses, wants to pass campaign proposals, including eliminating taxes on tips and overtime pay, and creating new deductions for seniors.

Republicans on Capitol Hill are trying to make his wish list come true, while putting some limits on the boost to budget deficits.not supported.

Pass-through problem

Raising the top tax rate is likely to spark some backlash from business owners of partnerships, LLCs and other pass-through entities who pay their company tax bills based on the individual rates in the tax code. Senator Thom Tillis, a North Carolina Republican, has said Congress should put in limits on a top tax bracket to reduce levies of those privately held companies.

A new millionaire rate would also be an extraordinary break from Republican orthodoxy which has long espoused the idea of no-new-taxes. 

Groups including Club for Growth and Americans for Tax Reform have spent years from powerful perches in Washington making sure Republicans did not raise taxes. But the party has changed under Trump and has taken on a more populist bent embracing ideas that were once taboo.

Still, there are swaths of the Republican Party opposed to the idea.

“It’s not going to happen,” Americans for Tax Reform’s Grover Norquist said on Tuesday, speaking at an event before Faulkender. House leaders, including Speaker Mike Johnson, have also downplayed the idea, saying they are looking for ways to cut — not raise — taxes.

“We’ll have to see,” Johnson said last week when pressed by a reporter.  

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IRS gives Tennessee and Arkansas weather victims tax relief

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The damaged remains of the Walnut Ridge neighborhood in Little Rock, Arkansas on March 31. Photographer: Benjamin Krain/Getty Images
Storm damage in Little Rock, Arkansas

Benjamin Krain/Photographer: Benjamin Krain/Get

Individuals and businesses in all of Tennessee and Arkansas who were affected by severe storms, tornadoes, flooding and, in Tennessee, by straight-line winds that began on April 2, now have until Nov. 3 to file various federal individual and business returns and make tax payments.

The IRS is offering relief to any area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency; individuals and households that reside or have a business in Tennessee’s 95 counties or the 75 counties of Arkansas qualify for it. The current list of eligible localities is on the IRS Tax Relief in Disaster Situations page.

The relief postpones various tax filing and payment deadlines that occurred from April 2, 2025, through Nov. 3, 2025. Affected individuals and businesses will have until Nov. 3, 2025, to file returns and pay any taxes that were originally due during this period, including:

  • Individual income tax returns and payments normally due on April 15, 2025.
  • 2024 contributions to IRAs and health savings accounts for eligible taxpayers.
  • Quarterly estimated tax payments normally due on April 15, June 16 and Sept. 15, 2025.
  • Quarterly payroll and excise tax returns normally due on April 30, July 31 and Oct. 31, 2025.
  • Calendar-year corporation and fiduciary returns and payments normally due on April 15, 2025.
  • Calendar-year tax-exempt organization returns normally due on May 15, 2025.

Penalties for failing to make payroll and excise tax deposits due on or after April 2 and before April 17, 2025, will also be abated if the deposits are made by April 17, 2025.
The Disaster Assistance and Emergency Relief for Individuals and Businesses page has details on other returns, payments and tax-related actions qualifying for relief during the postponement period. 

The IRS automatically provides filing and penalty relief to any taxpayer with an IRS address of record in the disaster area. These taxpayers do not need to contact the agency to get this relief.

An affected taxpayer may not have an address of record in the area because, for example, they moved to the area after filing their return. If an affected taxpayer in those circumstances receives a late filing or late payment penalty notice from the agency for the postponement period, the taxpayer should call the IRS Special Services at (866) 562-5227 to update their address and request disaster tax relief. 

(Read more: Areas across the country qualify for natural disaster-related tax relief.)

In addition, the IRS will work with any taxpayer who lives outside the disaster area but whose records necessary to meet a deadline occurring during the postponement period are in the affected area. Taxpayers qualifying for relief who live outside the disaster area need to contact the IRS Special Services toll-free number above. This also includes workers providing relief activities and who are affiliated with a recognized government or philanthropic organization.

Disaster area tax preparers with clients outside the disaster area can choose to use the Bulk Requests from Practitioners for Disaster Relief option, which is described on IRS.gov. 

Individuals and businesses in a federally declared disaster area who suffered uninsured or unreimbursed disaster-related losses can choose to claim them on either the return for the year when the loss occurred (in this instance, the 2025 return normally filed next year), or the return for the prior year (2024). Taxpayers have up to six months after the due date of their federal income tax return for the disaster year (without regard to any extension of time to file) to make the election. For individual taxpayers, this means Oct. 15, 2026. (Read more on personal casualty loss deductions.)

Write the FEMA declaration number — 3625-EM for Tennessee, 3627-EM for Arkansas — on any return claiming a loss.

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