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FAFSA ‘disaster’ stops some students from getting financial aid

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FAFSA rollout bugs and blunders: Here's what you need to know

As enrollment deadlines approach, fewer students have figured out how they will afford college next year.

Ongoing problems with the new Free Application for Federal Student Aid have delayed financial aid award letters and even prevented many high school seniors and their families from applying for aid at all.

As of the latest update, roughly 7.3 million 2024-25 FAFSA applications have been submitted and sent to schools, according to the U.S. Department of Education, less than half of the more than 17 million students who use the FAFSA in ordinary years.

At the current rate, the number of FAFSAs submitted by the end of August will be about 2.6 million fewer than the same time last year, a decrease of 18%, according to higher education expert Mark Kantrowitz.

“This is a complete disaster,” he said.

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Still, it’s too soon to say whether those remaining students will ultimately apply for aid and how that could impact their decisions about college in the fall, according to Sandy Baum, senior fellow at Urban Institute’s Center on Education Data and Policy.

“The question is really, ‘What is the long-term impact?’ We just don’t know yet,” she said.

Many institutions are now issuing aid with the information they have on hand, according to the Department of Education.

“Students should know that they are not going through this alone, we will remain in regular communication with schools and students and encourage students to stay in touch with us and with their colleges,” an Education Department spokesperson said.

Ramon Montiel García 17, a senior at KIPP Northeast Denver Leadership Academy in Colorado.

Credit: Ramon Montiel García

Ramon Montejo García, a 17-year-old senior at the KIPP Northeast Denver Leadership Academy in Colorado, has been accepted to his first-choice school, Wheaton College in Massachusetts. 

But with a sticker price of nearly $80,000 per year, including tuition, fees, and room and board, Montejo García, like many college hopefuls, will need financial aid to bring the cost down. However, he hasn’t submitted a FASFA yet, which serves as the gateway to all federal aid money, including loans, work-study opportunities and grants.

One issue with the new form specifically concerned parents without a Social Security number. Although Montejo García’s parents have lived in the U.S. since 2001, they are both undocumented. (The U.S. Department of Education said this issue has been resolved.)

Without aid, Montejo Garcia said he will likely attend an in-state school but added that “it’s been really emotional.”

“How will this work out? I don’t have a lot of time,” he said.

Other students may default to their local public college as well, according to Charles Welch, president and CEO of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities.

“So many of our students are more likely to attend an institution that is close by,” he said. “For many of our students it’s less about comparing offers and more about, ‘Can I go at all?'”

Fewer grants going out

As of April 5, only 28% of the high school class of 2024 has completed the FAFSA, according to the National College Attainment Network, a 38% decline compared with a year ago.

Of all the financial aid opportunities the FAFSA opens up, grants are the most desirable kind of assistance because they typically do not need to be repaid.

Under the new aid formula, an additional 2.1 million students should be eligible for the maximum Pell Grant, according to the Department of Education.

However, given the slower pace of FAFSA applications being submitted, “the number of Pell Grant recipients will be about the same as last year, despite the new Pell Grant formula making it easier for students to qualify,” Kantrowitz said.

FAFSA completion paves the way for college

Submitting a FAFSA is one of the best predictors of whether a high school senior will go to college, the National College Attainment Network found. Seniors who complete the FAFSA are 84% more likely to immediately enroll in college. 

However, in the past, many families mistakenly assumed they wouldn’t qualify for financial aid and didn’t even bother to apply. Others said a lengthy and overly complicated application was a major hurdle. Some said they just didn’t have enough information about it.

In ordinary years, high school graduates were already missing out on billions of dollars’ worth of federal grants because they didn’t fill out the FAFSA, experts say.

“We really want to think about the students considering forgoing the process altogether,” said Ellie Bruecker, interim director of research at The Institute for College Access and Success.

The goal of FAFSA simplification was to improve college access, she added. “The number of students left out of the college pipeline is huge.”

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Recruiters weigh in if LinkedIn’s ‘open to work’ feature helps or hurts

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By now, you’ve probably seen the green badges splashed all over LinkedIn, advertising that person is #opentowork.

Whether unemployed and actively seeking a new position, or quiet quitting in their current role, more people are choosing to make their job-seeking status known on the career site.

Globally, more than 220 million people currently have turned on the “open to work” feature, either privately or publicly, according to LinkedIn. That’s a 35% increase from around the same time last year, the company said, which showcases the challenging job market.

Linkedin Open To Work badge

Source: Linkedin

LinkedIn rolled out its “open to work” option in 2020. People can decide if they want to more discreetly signal their status to recruiters only, or to everyone with a public green badge on their profile.

But is it always a smart move? Some recruiters are torn.

“There’s been such a massive debate on LinkedIn about the ‘open to work’ badge, with a mix of employers and recruiters firmly entrenched on both sides,” said Tatiana Becker, founder of NIAH Recruiting.

‘Avoid the green banner’

Debra Boggs, founder and CEO of D&S Executive Career Management, has concerns about the green “open to work” badge or banner for those who make their job seeking status available to all.

“You are bringing the focus to your employment status and away from your unique value in the market and qualifications for the role,” Boggs said.

Meanwhile, Boggs said, “many recruiters and hiring managers feel that it makes a job seeker look desperate, which is not an attractive quality when looking for a stand-out leader to run a function or a business.”

For entry-level and mid-level job seekers, she suggest they use the “open to work” option that only recruiters can see.

“That way, when recruiters are looking for qualified candidates, you are still signaling to them that you are actively searching, but it’s not considered a red flag,” Boggs said.

But for everyone, she said: “Avoid the green banner” that all can see.

Old-fashioned to see the green badge ‘as a red flag’

Yet Becker sees no shame in signaling your job status to the world. “I say: Put the badge on,” she said.

In the past, being a job hopper was “looked down upon,” Becker said. But that changed when millions of people lost their employment during the Covid pandemic through no fault of their own, and later, with the waves of layoffs that followed the over-hiring boom, she said.

“It’s old fashioned and biased to see the ‘open to work’ badge as a red flag,” Becker said.

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Plus, Becker said, why turn down the help? The badge lets companies and recruiters more easily identify who is looking for a job, she said.

Indeed, using the “open to work feature” doubles someone’s chances of getting a recruiter to message them, according to LinkedIn. Those who flash the green badge under the public option can up that likelihood by 40%, the company said.

“I think there are far more desperate practices on LinkedIn,” said Tiffany Dyba, a recruitment consultant.

So where does all this leave you?

“Do what you feel is best for you,” Dyba said. “It sounds trite, but I really don’t think there is a right or wrong to the ‘open to work.'”

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How to know if a rental listing is a scam, fraud experts say

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It’s exciting to find a new place to rent in your neighborhood or in a new city. That is, of course, unless you get duped.

In so-called rental listing scams, scammers will make up listings that aren’t available for rent or simply do not exist in order to fraudulently take your money, according to the Federal Trade Commission. Scammers will often ask for payments like an application fee, a security deposit, the first month’s rent or a mix of such charges.

“Once the payment is sent, the [so-called] landlord or listing person … disappears,” said John Breyault, vice president of public policy, telecommunications and fraud at the National Consumers League, a consumer advocacy group.

Potential tenants lose cash to rental scams

It’s not uncommon for individuals to fall victim to fraudulent rental listings, experts say.

About 9,521 real estate fraud complaints were filed in 2023, resulting in more than $145 million in losses, according to the latest Internet Crime Report by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Those figures are down from 11,727 victims and more than $396 million in losses in 2022. 

The agency defined real estate fraud as a loss of funds from a real estate investment or fraud involving a rental or timeshare property.

While it’s convenient to look for a new rental online, experts urge future renters to be cautious, as you may lose hundreds to thousands of dollars if not careful.

For example: Let’s say you fall for a scam that asked for a security deposit — which is often the equivalent to a month’s rent — the first month’s rent upfront, or both. Nationwide, the median monthly rent was $1,373 in December, according to Apartment List.

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A separate report by Rently, a leasing automation platform, found that 62% of respondents who experienced a rental scam lost more than $500, with 48% losing more than $1,000. A smaller share, 8%, were duped out of more than $5,000, according to the report.

The survey polled 500 U.S. adults in November who have rented an apartment, condo or house over the past five years and have either experienced or are aware of rental scams and fraud.

If you need a new place to rent this year, here are some things to watch for to determine if a rental listing is a scam and what to do, according to experts.

4 red flags to watch out for

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Experts say if you’re contacted via text message or a phone call for a rental listing, look at the phone number’s area code. If it’s outside your area, be careful.

If you get an email, take a look at the sender’s address. Does the address contain multiple characters like a mix of letters, numbers and varied punctuation marks or symbols? Or is it coming from a personal account like a Gmail or Yahoo, but poses as a company email? If the answer to either is “yes,” delete it right away, Kitten Goldberg said.

2. Unusual forms of payment required

If the so-called landlord or listing agent requests you to pay an application fee or the first month’s rent through a wire transfer, a gift card or through cryptocurrency, that is “a huge red flag,” Breyault said.

Also be wary if they request a payment through payment apps like Apple Pay, CashApp, PayPal and Zelle, per the Federal Trade Commission.

“What all of those payment methods have in common is that the money goes from you to the recipient nearly instantaneously,” Breyault said. The transactions are often irreversible, even if you determine that it was a fraudulent payment.

Federal laws regarding compensation under fraudulent losses often don’t apply to such transactions, he said. Therefore, if you’re met with these payment options from the so-called listing agent or landlord, stop the application process in its tracks.

3. Refusing to meet or show the property in person

“You should always meet these people face-to-face before you fill out any kind of paperwork,” Kitten Goldberg said, as well as tour the property.

If a landlord or listing agent makes up excuses about why they can’t meet you in person or why you can’t see the rental property in person, that alone should be a red flag, Breyault said.

If you’re out of town or moving to a new city and do not have the ability to vet the apartment yourself, request a virtual tour of the space, experts say. If possible, ask a friend or relative to visit the property for you. 

“That’s really the litmus test to find out if an apartment is for real or not,” Breyault said.

4. Unusually low asking price

If a rental listing is “priced unusually low” compared to similar properties in an area, be careful, Breyault said.

“The reason scammers put listings like that up is because they know that it will attract a lot of eyeballs and potential victims,” he said.

Make sure to compare the listing price to others in your city or area of interest, and be wary of offer that may be too good to be true, Breyault said.

“Do bargains exist? Absolutely, but so do a lot of scams,” Breyault said.

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Vanguard’s $106 million TDF settlement offers a key lesson about taxes

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There’s an important lesson for investors in Vanguard Group’s recent $106 million settlement with the Securities and Exchange Commission over its target-date funds: Being mindful of your investment account type can save you from a big tax bill in certain cases.

Vanguard, the largest target-date fund manager, agreed to pay the sum for alleged “misleading statements” over the tax consequences of reducing the asset minimum for a low-cost version of its Target Retirement Funds.

Lowering the asset minimum for its lower-cost Institutional share class — to $5 million from $100 million — triggered an exodus of investors to these funds, according to the SEC. That created “historically larger capital gains distributions and tax liabilities” for many investors who remained in the more-expensive Investor share class, the agency said.

Here’s where the lesson applies: Those taxes were only borne by investors who held the TDFs in taxable brokerage accounts, not retirement accounts.

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Investors who hold investments — whether a TDF or otherwise — in a tax-advantaged account like a 401(k) plan or individual retirement accounts don’t receive annual tax bills for capital gains or income distributions.

Those who hold “tax inefficient” assets — like many bond funds, actively managed funds and target-date funds — in a taxable account may get hit with a big unwelcome tax bill in any given year, experts said.

Placing such assets in retirement accounts can make a big difference when it comes to boosting net investment returns after taxes, especially for high earners, experts said.

“By having to pull money out of your coffers to pay the tax bill, it leaves less in your portfolio to compound and grow,” said Christine Benz, director of personal finance and retirement planning at Morningstar.

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Vanguard neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing in its settlement agreement with the SEC.

“Vanguard is committed to supporting the more than 50 million everyday investors and retirement savers who entrust us with their savings,” a company spokesperson wrote in an e-mailed statement. “We’re pleased to have reached this settlement and look forward to continuing to serve our investors with world-class investment options.”

Vanguard held about $1.3 trillion of assets in target-date funds at the end of 2023, according to Morningstar.

What’s best in a retirement account

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The concept of strategically holding stocks, bonds and other assets in certain account types to boost after-tax returns is known as “asset location.”

It’s a “key consideration” for high earners, Benz said.

Such investors are more likely to reach annual contribution limits for tax-sheltered retirement accounts, and therefore need to also save in taxable accounts, she said. They’re more likely to be in a higher tax bracket, too.

While most middle-class savers predominantly invest in retirement accounts, in which tax efficiency is a “non-issue,” there are certain non-retirement goals — perhaps saving for a down payment on a house a few years down the road — for which taxable accounts make more sense, Benz said.

Using an asset location strategy can raise annual after-tax returns by 0.14 to 0.41 percentage points for conservative investors (who invest more in bonds) in the mid to high income tax brackets, according to recent research by Charles Schwab.

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“A retired couple with a $2 million portfolio [$1 million in a taxable account and $1 million in a tax advantaged account] could potentially see a reduction in tax drag that equates to an additional $2,800 to $8,200 per year depending on their tax bracket,” Hayden Adams, a certified public accountant, certified financial planner, and director of tax and wealth management at the Schwab Center for Financial Research, wrote of the findings.

Tax inefficient assets — which are better suited to retirement accounts — are ones that “generate regular taxable events,” Adams wrote.

Here are some examples, according to experts:

  • Bonds and bond funds. Bond income is generally taxed at ordinary income tax rates, instead of preferential capital-gains rates. (There are exceptions, like municipal bonds.)
  • Actively managed investment funds. These generally have higher turnover due to frequent buying and selling of securities within the fund. They therefore tend to generate more taxable distributions than index funds, and those distributions are shared among all fund shareholders.
  • Real estate investment trusts. REITs must distribute at least 90% of their income to shareholders, Adams wrote.
  • Short-term holdings. The profit on investments held for a year or less are taxed at short-term capital gains rates, for which the preferential tax rates for “long term” capital gains don’t apply.
  • Target-date funds. These and other funds that aim for a target asset allocation are a “bad bet” for taxable accounts, Benz said. They often hold tax inefficient assets like bonds and may need to sell appreciated securities to maintain their target allocation, she said.

About 90% of the potential additional after-tax return from asset location comes from two moves: switching to municipal bonds (instead of taxable bonds) in taxable accounts, and switching to index stock funds in taxable accounts and active stock funds in tax-advantaged accounts, Adams wrote.

Investors with municipal bonds or municipal money market funds avoid federal income tax on their distributions.

Exchange-traded funds also distribute capital gains to investors much less often than mutual funds, and may therefore make sense in taxable accounts, experts said.

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