Connect with us

Personal Finance

Flood insurance likely doesn’t cover storm damage in your basement

Published

on

A flooded street caused by the rain and storm surge from Hurricane Debby on Aug. 05, 2024, in Cedar Key, Florida.

Joe Raedle | Getty Images

You need a separate insurance policy for floods

A house is surrounded by floodwaters from Tropical Storm Debby on Aug. 6, 2024 in Charleston, South Carolina.

Miguel J. Rodríguez Carrillo | Getty Images

Flooding causes 90% of annual disaster damage in the U.S., according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Just an inch of water can cause roughly $25,000 of damage to a property, the agency said.

Homeowners and renters insurance policies do not cover flood damage, however.

Consumers need separate insurance to cover physical damage caused by a flood, which is defined as water entering a home from the ground up. That may occur due to storm surge, heavy rainfall or an overflowed body of water like a lake or river.

Most people who have flood insurance get it through the federal government, via FEMA’s National Flood Insurance Program, experts said.

How floodplain buyouts work

Americans had about 4.4 million residential NFIP policies at the end of 2023, according to FEMA. They had total coverage of $1.2 trillion.

Many homeowners go without coverage, though. On average, about 30% of U.S. homes in the highest-risk areas for flooding have flood insurance, according to the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton Risk Center.

Nearly 21,000 policyholders filed a claim in 2023, with an average payment of almost $46,000, according to FEMA data.

The average annual flood insurance premium was $700 in 2019, FEMA said.

Private insurers also offer flood policies and may offer higher coverage than FEMA’s policies, according to the Insurance Information Institute.

What items aren’t covered in a basement?

A Johnson, Vermont, resident removes items destroyed in flooding of a finished basement in 2023.

Jessica Rinaldi/The Boston Globe via Getty Images

American basements can be a hodgepodge of personal property, leveraged as storage units, man caves, game rooms, wine cellars, home bars and secondary living rooms.

But basement coverage “is limited” through NFIP policies, FEMA said.

The agency defines a “basement” as any area of a building with a floor below ground level on all sides.

Even rooms that aren’t fully below ground level — like sunken living rooms, crawlspaces and lower levels of split-level buildings — may still be considered basements, the agency said.

Its flood policies exclude the following items from coverage in a basement:

  • “Personal property” like couches, computers, or televisions
  • Basement improvements (such as finished flooring, finished walls, bathroom fixtures, and other built-ins)
  • Generators (and similar items)
  • Certain dehumidifiers

Items “stored in a basement, meaning they are not connected to a power source,” aren’t covered, FEMA said.

Consumers concerned about flood risk and insurance coverage should consider removing their stuff from a basement, if possible, Kochenburger said. They should “move it to a storage unit or somewhere else” on higher ground, he said.

These basement items are included, with an add-on

A man uses a mop to wipe up rain water on the interior of the Lincoln Memorial on Aug. 09, 2024 in Washington, DC. The Washington DC area experienced a tornado warning and flooding as a result of remnants from Debby. 

Anna Moneymaker | Getty Images

The following basement items are covered, but only if NFIP policyholders buy additional “contents coverage,” which is optional, and if connected to a power source, FEMA said:

  • Clothes washers and dryers
  • Air conditioners (portable or window units)
  • Food freezers and the food in them (excluding walk-in freezers)

Private insurance policies may offer broader property coverage in basements, depending on the insurer, Don Griffin, vice president of policy and research at the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, previously told CNBC.

You can put anything you want in your basement, but don’t expect it to be insured for floods.

Peter Kochenburger

visiting law professor at Southern University Law Center

One silver lining to all this: Fewer U.S. homes are being built with basements.

The share of new single-family homes with full or partial basements has fallen by more than half since the mid-1970s, from 45% to 21%, according to U.S. Census Bureau data as of 2022.

On Feb. 6, FEMA announced a proposal to update its NFIP program and potentially enhance basement coverage for policyholders.

“Policyholders with basements continue to be surprised that under the current Dwelling Form, the policy provides limited coverage in a basement,” FEMA wrote.

What basement items are covered by flood insurance?

“Flood insurance’s primary focus is structure: the building itself,” Kochenburger said.

Here are examples of how NFIP policies cover the building and structure in basements, FEMA said:

  • Central air conditioners
  • Fuel tanks and the fuel in them
  • Furnaces and water heaters
  • Sump pumps, heat pumps, and well water tanks and pumps
  • Electrical outlets and switches
  • Elevators and dumbwaiters
  • Certain drywall
  • Electrical junction and circuit breaker boxes
  • Stairways and staircases attached to the building
  • Foundation elements and anchorage systems required to support a building
The hidden reason some U.S. homes are losing value

Policyholders can also get compensation for cleanup costs such as pumping out trapped floodwater, treatment for mold and mildew and structural drying of the interior foundation, FEMA said.

As a precaution, the agency recommends documenting the manufacturer, model, serial number and capacity of equipment in your basement like furnaces, central AC units and appliances like freezers, washers and dryers.

Should you experience flooding, the NFIP requires this information during the claims process, FEMA said.

Policyholders should review their flood insurance policy for a comprehensive list of covered items and expenses, according to FEMA.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Maximum Social Security retirement benefit: Here’s who qualifies

Published

on

Twenty47studio | Moment | Getty Images

Millions of Social Security beneficiaries will benefit from the 2.5% cost-of-living adjustment for 2025, set to take effect in January.

With that increase, the maximum Social Security benefit for a worker retiring at full retirement age will jump to $4,018 per month, up from $3,822 per month this year, according to the Social Security Administration.

But while those maximum benefits will see a $196 monthly increase, retirement benefits will go up by about $50 per month on average, according to the agency.

The average monthly benefit for retired workers is expected to increase to $1,976 per month in 2025, a $49 increase from $1,927 per month as of this year, according to the Social Security Administration.

Who gets maximum Social Security benefits?

The highest Social Security benefits generally go to people who have had maximum earnings their entire working career, according to Paul Van de Water, a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

That cohort generally includes a “very small number of people,” he said.

Because Social Security retirement benefits are calculated based on the highest 35 years of earnings, workers need to consistently have wages up to that threshold to earn the maximum retirement benefit.

“Very few people start out at age 21 earning the maximum level,” Van de Water said.

Social Security is a key issue for voters, survey finds: Here’s how to maximize benefits

Workers contribute payroll taxes to Social Security up to what is known as a taxable maximum.

In 2024, a 6.2% tax paid by both workers and employers (or 12.4% for self-employed workers) applies to up to $168,600 in earnings. In 2025, that will go up to $176,100.

Notably, that limit applies only to wages that are subject to federal payroll taxes. If a wealthy person has other sources of income, for example from investments that do not require payroll tax contributions, that will not affect the size of their Social Security benefits, said Jim Blair, vice president of Premier Social Security Consulting and a former Social Security administrator.

How can you increase your Social Security benefits?   

There are beneficiaries who are receiving Social Security checks amounting to more than $4,000 per month, and they usually have waited to claim until age 70, according to Blair.

“Technically, waiting until 70 gets you the most amount of Social Security benefits,” Blair said.

By claiming retirement benefits at the earliest possible age — 62 — beneficiaries receive permanently reduced benefits.

At full retirement age — either 66 or 67, depending on date of birth — retirees receive 100% of the benefits they’ve earned.

And by waiting from full retirement age up to age 70, beneficiaries stand to receive an 8% benefit boost per year.

By waiting from age 62 to 70, beneficiaries may see a 77% increase in benefits.

More from Personal Finance:
House may force vote on bill affecting pensioners’ Social Security benefits
Why children miss out on Social Security survivor benefits
72% of Americans worry Social Security will run out in their lifetimes

However, because everyone’s circumstances are different, it may not always make sense to wait until the highest possible claiming age, Blair said.

Prospective beneficiaries need to evaluate not only how their claiming decision will impact them individually, but also their spouse and any dependents, he said.

“You have to look at your own situation before you apply,” Blair said.

Also, it is important for prospective beneficiaries to create an online My Social Security account to review their benefit statements, he said. That will show estimates of future benefits and the earnings history the agency has on record.

Because that earnings information is used to calculate benefits, individuals should double check that information to make sure it is correct, Blair said. If it is not, they should contact the Social Security Administration to fix it.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Inherited IRA rules are changing in 2025 — here’s what to know

Published

on

Jacob Wackerhausen | Istock | Getty Images

What to know about the 10-year rule

Before the Secure Act of 2019, heirs could “stretch” inherited IRA withdrawals over their lifetime, which helped reduce yearly taxes.

But certain accounts inherited since 2020 are subject to the “10-year rule,” meaning IRAs must be empty by the 10th year following the original account owner’s death. The rule applies to heirs who are not a spouse, minor child, disabled, chronically ill or certain trusts.

Since then, there’s been confusion about whether the heirs subject to the 10-year rule needed to take yearly withdrawals, known as required minimum distributions, or RMDs.

“You have a multi-dimensional matrix of outcomes for different inherited IRAs,” Dickson said. It’s important to understand how these rules impact your distribution strategy, he added.

After years of waived penalties, the IRS in July confirmed certain heirs will need to begin yearly RMDs from inherited accounts starting in 2025. The rule applies if the original account owner had reached their RMD age before death.

If you miss yearly RMDs or don’t take enough, there is a 25% penalty on the amount you should have withdrawn. But it’s possible to reduce the penalty to 10% if the RMD is “timely corrected” within two years, according to the IRS.

Consider ‘strategic distributions’

If you’re subject to the 10-year rule for your inherited IRA, spreading withdrawals evenly over the 10 years reduces taxes for most heirs, according to research released by Vanguard in June.

However, you should also consider “strategic distributions,” according to certified financial planner Judson Meinhart, director of financial planning at Modera Wealth Management in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

“It starts by understanding what your current marginal tax rate is” and how that could change over the 10-year window, he said.

Roth conversions on the rise: Here's what to know

For example, it could make sense to make withdrawals during lower-tax years, such as years of unemployment or early retirement before receiving Social Security payments. 

However, boosting adjusted gross income can trigger other consequences, such as eligibility for college financial aid, income-driven student loan payments or Medicare Part B and Part D premiums for retirees.

Continue Reading

Personal Finance

Nearly 2 in 5 cardholders have maxed out a credit card or come close

Published

on

Asiavision | E+ | Getty Images

Between higher prices and high interest rates, some Americans have had a hard time keeping up.

As a result, many are using more of their available credit and now, nearly 2 in 5 credit cardholders — 37% — have maxed out or come close to maxing out a credit card since the Federal Reserve began raising rates in March 2022, according to a new report by Bankrate.

Most borrowers who are over extended blame rising prices and a higher cost of living, Bankrate found.

Other reasons cardholders blame for maxing out a credit card or coming close include a job or income loss, an emergency expense, medical costs and too much discretionary spending.

“With limited options to absorb those higher costs, many low-income Americans have had no choice but to take on debt to afford costlier essentials — at a time when credit card rates are near record highs,” Sarah Foster, an analyst at Bankrate, said in a statement.

As prices crept higher, so did credit card balances.

The average balance per consumer now stands at $6,329, up 4.8% year over year, according to the latest credit industry insights report from TransUnion.

At the same time, the average credit card charges more than 20% interest — near an all-time high — and half of cardholders carry debt from month to month, according to another report by Bankrate.  

Carrying a higher balance has a direct impact on your utilization rate, the ratio of debt to total credit, and is one of the factors that can influence your credit score. Higher credit score borrowers typically have both higher limits and lower utilization rates.

More from Personal Finance:
Holiday shoppers plan to spend more
2.5% adjustment to Social Security benefits coming in 2025
‘Fantastic time’ to revisit bonds as interest rates fall

Credit experts generally advise borrowers to keep revolving debt below 30% of their available credit to limit the effect that high balances can have.

As of August, the aggregate credit card utilization rate was more than 21%, according to Bankrate’s analysis of Equifax data.

Still, “if you have five credit cards [with utilization rates around] 20%, you have a lot of debt out there,” said Howard Dvorkin, a certified public accountant and the chairman of Debt.com. “People are living a life that they can’t afford right now, and they are putting the balance on credit cards.”

Generation X at risk

Gen X most likely to max out their credit cards, survey finds

Potential problems ahead

Cardholders who have maxed out or come close to maxing out their credit cards are also more likely to become delinquent.

Credit card delinquency rates are already higher across the board, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and TransUnion both reported.

“Consumers have been measured in taking on additional revolving debt despite the inflationary environment over the past few years, although there has been an uptick in delinquencies in recent months,” said Tom McGee, CEO of the International Council of Shopping Centers.

A debt is considered delinquent when a borrower misses a full billing cycle without making a payment, or what’s considered 30 days past due. That can damage your credit score and impact the interest rate you’ll pay for credit cards, car loans and mortgages — or whether you’ll get a loan at all.

Some of the best ways to improve your credit standing come down to paying your bills on time every month, and in full, if possible, Dvorkin said. “Understand that if you don’t, then whatever you buy, over time, will end up costing you double.”

Subscribe to CNBC on YouTube.

Continue Reading

Trending