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Art of Accounting: What potential investors must have

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A friend’s son asked if he could meet with me, and I was glad to meet. He is a college business student, and I thought he wanted some career advice. Instead, he told me he was representing a business startup and asked if I would like to invest in it and be able to double my money within two years.

My immediate response is that I am in a situation where I no longer want to do anything to make money other than with the conservative portfolio I already have; I am concerned about not losing any of what I have and not reducing my cash flow, so I will have to pass on this “opportunity.”

Since I like helping young people get started in business, I asked about the business and requested to see the investor package, suggesting I might be able to offer some tips on raising the needed funding. He handed me a single sheet of paper acknowledging receipt of the investment amount, saying I would receive 1% of the ownership for every $10,000 invested with a maximum permitted investment per investor of $100,000. They were raising a total of $300,000. It also said that the plans were to have an IPO within two years. There were spaces to fill in the amount invested and for my signature. Nothing about the type of business, who the managers were, or any business plan or financial projections.

It turns out he was “hired” as a salesman to approach his parent’s friends for this “ground floor” opportunity. I asked him how much he was being paid, and he said he was told he would be taken care of, and it would be discussed when he raises the first investment.

I told him that while I watched him grow up and I was always impressed with him, I felt I needed to tell him some things about what he was doing that he apparently was not aware of. I also told him that asking people to invest carries with it a responsibility for some “due diligence” on his part, which it appears he did not do.

He never heard the expression due diligence and asked me what I think he should have done. My reply follows. It turned out to be a mini lesson on how the entire private investment process works.

For starters, a business plan needs to be that which would explain the type of business, competitors, potential customers, industry, why this company will be better, what they are offering to do that doesn’t already exist, and bios of the people who will run it. Also needed are financial projections for a five-year period. The projections need to show the projected operations and profitability, how much is needed, and how it would be utilized, along with the cash flow for the next five years and balance sheets for each period. Further, each item in the projection should be explained and how it was arrived at. It is very important to show the amount being raised is adequate to accomplish their goals. If debt or later-stage investments would be necessary, that should be clearly provided for in the projection.

Also shown should be the capital structure, what percentages the founders will have, any expected dilution because of new investors, what the founders’ investment contribution will be, and their compensation. If there are any stock options or any other arrangements for added compensation or benefits, that should also be disclosed.

Due diligence is the process of verifying the claims made by the people you will be dealing with. In this situation, it would be the founders. Also, my friend’s son was offered compensation, but it wasn’t clear how much, how it would be determined or whether it would be in cash, stock, options or a combination of these. Further, anyone setting out to engage in any business venture of any type should be clear about the responsibilities of each party and the compensation, and that there is the ability to pay the compensation. A general rule to follow is that services are much more valuable to the customer before they are rendered than afterward. Additionally, the seller is in a much stronger position before doing any work than after they’ve performed the services. Also, while many people start out with great and sincere intentions, they might forget some of what they agreed to, the minutiae of implementation might not be thought through, and people’s purposes might get sidetracked by newer opportunities. 

If the company is already operating, then financial statements should be provided.

Getting back to this investment “opportunity,” nothing was provided that would allow a potential investor to make a decision to invest.

My experience has shown me that many times there are likely targets for such opportunities, but there is only one shot at them. Not being fully prepared creates a wasted chance with that resource.

Most business plans will require a confidentiality or nondisclosure letter or agreement before they are provided. However it is important to assume that nothing will be kept confidential and proprietary, or sensitive information should not be disclosed until there is a serious investor.

I wrote a 20-page memo on how to prepare a business plan and financial projection that I will send you if you email [email protected] and put “Business Plan” as the subject. No messages necessary.

Do not hesitate to contact me at [email protected] with your practice management questions or about engagements you might not be able to perform. 

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Accounting

XcelLabs launches to help accountants use AI

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Jody Padar, an author and speaker known as “The Radical CPA,” and Katie Tolin, a growth strategist for CPAs, together launched a training and technology platform called XcelLabs.

XcelLabs provides solutions to help accountants use artificial technology fluently and strategically. The Pennsylvania Institute of CPAs and CPA Crossings joined with Padar and Tolin as strategic partners and investors.

“To reinvent the profession, we must start by training the professional who can then transform their firms,” Padar said in a statement. “By equipping people with data and insights that help them see things differently, they can provide better advice to their clients and firm.”

Padar-Jody- new 2019

Jody Padar

The platform includes XcelLabs Academy, a series of educational online courses on the basics of AI, being a better advisor, leadership and practice management; Navi, a proprietary tool that uses AI to help accountants turn unstructured data like emails, phone calls and meetings into insights; and training and consulting services. These offerings are currently in beta testing.

“Accountants know they need to be more advisory, but not everyone can figure out how to do it,” Tolin said in a statement. “Couple that with the fact that AI will be doing a lot of the lower-level work accountants do today, and we need to create that next level advisor now. By showing accountants how to unlock patterns in their actions and turn client conversations into emotionally intelligent advice, we can create the accounting professional of the future.”

Tolin-Katie-CPA Growth Guides

Katie Tolin

“AI is transforming how CPAs work, and XcelLabs is focused on helping the profession evolve with it,” PICPA CEO Jennifer Cryder said in a statement. “At PICPA, we’re proud to support a mission that aligns so closely with ours: empowering firms to use AI not just for efficiency, but to drive growth, value and long-term relevance.”

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Accounting

Accounting is changing, and the world can’t wait until 2026

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The accountant the world urgently needs has evolved far beyond the traditional role we recognized just a few years ago. 

The transformation of the accounting profession is not merely an anticipated change; it is a pressing reality that is currently shaping business decisions, academic programs and the expected contributions of professionals. Yet, in many areas, accounting education stubbornly clings to outdated, overly technical models that fail to connect with the actual demands of the market. We must confront a critical question: If we continue to train accountants solely to file tax reports, are we truly equipping them for the challenges of today’s world? 

This shift in mindset extends beyond individual countries or educational systems; it is a global movement. The recent announcement of the CIMA/CGMA 2026 syllabus has made it unmistakably clear: merely knowing how to post journal entries is insufficient. Today’s accountants are required to interpret the landscape, anticipate risks and act with strategic awareness. Critical thinking, sustainable finance, technology and human behavior are not just supplementary topics; they are essential components in the education of any professional seeking to remain relevant. 

The CIMA/CGMA proposal for 2026 is not just a curriculum update; it is a powerful manifesto. This new program positions analytical thinking, strategic business partnering and technology application at the core of accounting education. It unequivocally highlights sustainability, aligning with IFRS S1 and S2, and expands the accountant’s responsibilities beyond mere numbers to encompass conscious leadership, environmental impact and corporate governance. 

The current changes in the accounting profession underscore an urgent shift in expectations from both educators and employers. Today, companies of all sizes and industries demand accountants who can do far more than interpret balance sheets. They expect professionals who grasp the deeper context behind the numbers, identify inconsistencies, anticipate potential issues before they escalate into losses, and act decisively as a bridge between data and decision making. 

To meet these expectations, a radical mindset shift is essential. There are firms still operating on autopilot, mindlessly repeating tasks with minimal critical analysis. Likewise, many academic programs continue to treat accounting as purely a technical discipline, disregarding the vital elements of reflection, strategy and behavioral insight. This outdated approach creates a significant mismatch. While the world forges ahead, parts of the accounting profession remain stuck in the past. 

The consequences of this shift are already becoming evident. The demand for compliance, transparency and sustainability now applies not only to large corporations but also to small and mid-sized businesses. Many of these organizations rely on professionals ill-equipped to drive the necessary changes, putting both business performance and the reputation of the profession at risk. 

The positive news is that accountants who are ready to thrive in this new era do not necessarily need additional degrees. What they truly need is a commitment to awareness, a dedication to continuous learning, and the courage to step beyond their comfort zones. The future of accounting is here, and it is firmly rooted in analytical, strategic and human-oriented perspectives. The 2026 curriculum is a clear indication of the changes underway. Those who fail to think critically and holistically will be left behind. 

In contrast, accountants who see the big picture, understand the ripple effects of their decisions, and actively contribute to the financial and ethical health of organizations will undeniably remain indispensable, anywhere in the world.

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Accounting

Republicans push Musk aside as Trump tax bill barrels forward

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Congressional Republicans are siding with Donald Trump in the messy divorce between the president and Elon Musk, an optimistic sign for eventual passage of a tax cut bill at the root of the two billionaires’ public feud.

Lawmakers are largely taking their cues from Trump and sticking by the $3 trillion bill at the center of the White House’s economic agenda. Musk, the biggest political donor of the 2024 cycle, has threatened to help primary anyone who votes for the legislation, but lawmakers are betting that staying in the president’s good graces is the safer path to political survival.

“The tax bill is not in jeopardy. We are going to deliver on that,” House Speaker Mike Johnson told reporters on Friday.

“I’ll tell you what — do not doubt, don’t second guess and do not challenge the President of the United States Donald Trump,” he added. “He is the leader of the party. He’s the most consequential political figure of our time.”

A fight between Trump and Musk exploded into public view this week. The sparring started with the tech titan calling the president’s tax bill a “disgusting abomination,” but quickly escalated to more personal attacks and Trump threatening to cancel all federal contracts and subsidies to Musk’s companies, such as Tesla Inc. and SpaceX which have benefitted from government ties.

Republicans on Capitol Hill, who had —  until recently — publicly embraced Musk, said they weren’t swayed by the billionaire’s criticism that the bill cost too much. Lawmakers have refuted official estimates of the package, saying that the tax cuts for households, small businesses and politically important groups — including hospitality and hourly workers — will generate enough economic growth to offset the price tag.

“I don’t tell my friend Elon, I don’t argue with him about how to build rockets, and I wish he wouldn’t argue with me about how to craft legislation and pass it,” Johnson told CNBC earlier Friday.

House Budget Committee Chair Jodey Arrington told reporters that House lawmakers are focused on working with the Senate as it revises the bill to make sure the legislation has the political support in both chambers to make it to Trump’s desk for his signature. 

“We move past the drama and we get the substance of what is needed to make the modest improvements that can be made,” he said.

House fiscal hawks said that they hadn’t changed their prior positions on the legislation based on Musk’s statements. They also said they agree with GOP leaders that there will be other chances to make further spending cuts outside the tax bill. 

Representative Tom McClintock, a fiscal conservative, said “the bill will pass because it has to pass,” adding that both Musk and Trump needed to calm down. “They both need to take a nap,” he said.

Even some of the House bill’s most vociferous critics appeared resigned to its passage. Kentucky Representative Thomas Massie, who voted against the House version, predicted that despite Musk’s objections, the Senate will make only small changes.

“The speaker is right about one thing. This barely passed the House. If they muck with it too much in the Senate, it may not pass the House again,” he said.

Trump is pressuring lawmakers to move at breakneck speed to pass the tax-cut bill, demanding they vote on the bill before the July 4 holiday. The president has been quick to blast critics of the bill — including calling Senator Rand Paul “crazy” for objecting to the inclusion of a debt ceiling increase in the package.

As the legislation worked its way through the House last month, Trump took to social media to criticize holdouts and invited undecided members to the White House to compel them to support the package. It passed by one vote.

Senate Majority Leader John Thune — who is planning to unveil his chamber’s version of the bill as soon as next week — said his timeline is unmoved by Musk. 

“We are already pretty far down the trail,” he said.

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